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二名词性从句考点1,that何时可以省略1that在宾语从句大多数情况可以省略lWe regretthat youdid notfind ournoouct satisfactory.2We toldthe driverthat we were ina hurry.特别注意在宾语从句中,不能省略that的情况1同一动词支配两个宾语从句时,第二个宾语从句的that不能省略He saidhe camefrom Wuhanand that he haddecided tosettlein Chengdu.2it作形式宾语时,一般不能省略thatWe think it ourduty that we shouldhelp thepoor.3有插入语时We decided,in viewof hisspecial circumstances,thatwe would qivehimanother chance.I dontdoubt,in anycase,that he will nvmy side.4通常作为不接物动词使用的动词带宾语从句时He repliedthathe would notcome tohave theinterview ashe hadnotime.2)在主语,表语,同位语从句中一般不能省略温馨提示如果去掉whatever等引导的从句,剩下部分是完整的句子,whatever引导的是让步状语从句此时whatever可以由no matterwhat替换如果去掉whatever等引导的从句,剩下部分不是完整的句子,whatever引导的是名词性从句此时whatever不能用no matterwhat替换名词性从句九大高考热点分析名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句因为它是从句,因此具有句子的结构特点(即有一套主谓成份);同时又具有名词性特点,所以可以在复合句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语名词性从句是中学英语学习的重点,也是高考的主要考点之一我们必须弄懂和掌握以下热点问题
一、连接词what与that的用法区别引导主、宾、表语从句时,what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分,that不作任何成分,只在语法上起连接的作用例如we cant getseems betterthan we have.A.What;what B.what;that C.That;that D.That;what解析本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句,且两个从句都缺乏宾语,可见两个引导词都必须充当成分,所以答案是Ao又如caused theaccident isstill acomplete mystery.A.What B.That C.How D.Where解析该题答案是A,what在主语从句中作主语,即作谓语动词caused的执行者在下面的例句中,that不充当任何成份,只起语法连接作用(因为句子本身不缺成分)That theformer Iraqpresident Saddamwas capturedhas beenproved.
二、连接词whether和if的用法区别Whether与if均为〃是否〃的意思但在下列情况下,whether不能被if取代
1.Whether引导主语从句并在句首;
2.引导表语从句
3.Whether从句作介词宾语;
4.从句后有〃or not〃Whether he will come is notclear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用it充当形式主语It is not importantwho will go.It isstill unknownwhich teamwill winthe match.通常,引导主语从句、表语从句和引导同位语从句时,要用连词whether,不用if;习惯上也只能说whether or not,而不说if,•,or not例如the2000Olympic Gameswill beheld inBeijing isnot knownyet.A.Whenever B.If C.Whether D.That解析试题中的从句位于句首,不难知道这是一个主语从句,所以答案是C但是在宾语从句中表达“是否”既可用if也可用whethero
三、名词性从句的语序与别的从句一样,名词性从句必须用陈述语序例如No onecan besure ina millionyears.A.what man will look like B.what will man looklikeC.manwilllooklikewhat D.what lookwillmanlike解析由于从句不能倒装,所以答案只能是A又如You cant imaginewhen theyreceived thesenice Christmaspresents.A.how they were excitedB.how excitedthey wereC.how excitedwere theyD.theywerehow excited解析答案是B同时还须注意,从句的引导词必须始终置于句首,而且how和被修饰的词excited不能分裂开
四、形式主语、形式宾语当主语从句较长,而谓语较短时,常常将从句后置,而用it作为形式主语,置于句首动词后接复合宾语,也可用it作形式宾语例如A.There B.This C.That D.Itis afact thatEnglish isbeing acceptedas aninternational language.解析所需词至于句首,同时后面有that-从句(逻辑主语),可见这里应该用形式主语it,所以答案是Do think,find,consider,believe,feel等动词后常带复合宾语例如Many peoplethink itpossible thatatrade warbetween EUand theStates willhappen.
五、Who/whoever,what/whatever等的用法区别一般说来,what/who等含特指意义,而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义,意为“无论什么/无论谁例如It isgenerally consideredunwise togive achild heor shewants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever解析答案是B,whatever引导一个宾语从句,并且作wants的宾语这里的whatever不能改成what,因为题意想表达的显然是“无论孩子要什么就给他/她什么事不明智的”,具有泛指的概念同时要注意,这里whatever也不能改用no matterwhat,因为后者只能引导状语从句又如has helpedto savethe drowninggirl isworth praising.A.Who B.The oneC.Anyone D.Whoever解析答案是D,whoever意为无论谁,表泛指比较下例I cant rememberat themoment whohas saidthe words.(这里的who表特定的某人)
六、Where,when,why等连接副词引导的名词性从句Where,when,why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句,使用的关键是这个词必须符合句子的逻辑意义要求例如一I droveto Zhuhaifor the airshow lastweek.一Is thatyou had a fewdays offA.why B.when C.that D.where解析答案是A,why引导的从句作表语,同时why在从句中作原因状语这里之所以选why,而不是when或where等,唯一的依据便是句子的逻辑含义,及语境又如(MET94);一Do youremember he came一Yes,I do,he cameby car.A.How B.when C.that D.if解析答案是A,从答语“hecameby car”可知这里问的是“he”来的方式,所以用how引导七.“介词+who(m)引导的宾语从句”与“介词+whom”引导的定语从句的区别介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格,决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语例如It wasa matterof wouldtake theposition.A.who B.whoever C.whom D.whomever解析答案是A这是一个含宾语从句的复合句,作介词f宾语的,是后面的整个句子,而不是宾语从句的引导词,由于这里引导词在从句中作主语,所以要用主格who(作宾语时自然要用whom)o比较下例Our countryhas thousandsof excellentscientists,most ofwhom havereceivedhigher education at home.这是一个“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句;引导定语从句的是“most of+关系代词”而不只是这个关系代词,同时这个引导词又作介词of的宾语,所以要用宾格whom(注意与介词后面的宾语从句的引导词的用法进行比较和区别)
八、连接词that的省略引导宾语从句时,that通常可以省略,但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时,that不能省例如:China ssuccess inmanned-spacecraft travelshows ourcountry hasbecomeone ofthe greatestpowers inspace research.A.what B.which C.不填D.it that解析该句中的从句作shows的宾语,是宾语从句,又因为从句中不缺主、宾语,所以只能用that引导;又因引导宾语从句时that可以省略,所以答案是C
九、同位语从句引导词where,when的用法特点说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导词where,when与被说明的名词在概念上不一致但引导定语从句的引导词却必须保持一致是比较Then arosethe questionwewereto getso muchmoney.This thehouse thegreat manMao Zedongwas born110years ago.A.where B.that C.about whichD.in which解析答案分别是
(1)A
(2)A/Do先行词与where,when概念一致时,是定语从句,
(2)中的house与where同表地点,且这个关系副词where或when可以用“介词+which”的形式代替,所以答案A和D都可以引导
(1)题中的question与where不表同一概念,可见是同位语从句,所以where不能改用“介词+which”的形式⑴That you want tbeinependent isonly natural.2The advantageof DVDis thatit givesyou muchbetter picturequality.3We should make peopleface thefact thata lotuf peopledie fromsmokingevery year.小试身手改错练习l,He expressedthe hopehe would come toChina again.2,The truthis hehas neverbeen abroad.3Jt isreported hestudied abroadlast year.4,1thinkitnecessary weshould learnEnglish well.5,He saidhe couldnttell itto youright awayand youwouldntunderstand.6,We decided,in viewof hisspecial circumstances,wewouldgive himanotherchance.7,He shoutedit wasnot hisfault标准答案1,在hope后力口that2,在is后力口that3,在reported后力口that4,在necessary后力口that5,在and后力口that6,在we前加that7,shouted后力口that2,if和whether的区另!j1在宾语从句中,if和whether一般都可以使用.11wonder whetherr/if he will come today.21am notsure wether/if he is fit forthe job.3She askedme wether/ifhe wouldcome or not特别注意在宾语从句中,只能使用whether的情况1介词之后Your successor failuredepends onwhether youwork hard.2紧跟ornot时She askedme whetherornot he wouldcome.3某些动词如discuss,consider之后They arediscussing whetherheisfitforthejob.They areconsidering whetherthey willgo there.4接不定式Can youtell mewhether togo orto stay2主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句只能用whether.Whether I will comedepends onanumber ofthings.The questionis wetherhe willcvme tohelp.The questionwhether we will takefurther actionhasnot beendiscussed3状语从句只能用if此时if翻译为“如果I wontcome ifit rainstomorrow.I willgo nowif you will excuse me小试身手请用whether和if填空:1,1asked himhewouldcome.2,I askedhim ornothewouldcome.3,Your successor failuredependsonyou workhard.4wewillgo thereisnotdecided.5,I haveno ideahe will come.6,youwillexcuseme,Iwillgo now.7,The questionis wecan finishour workbytomorrow morning.8,I am not certainhewillcome.9It isnot dcidedhewillbe sentthere.标准答案1,wether/if2,wether3,wether4,Wether5,wether6,If7,wether8,Wehter9wether3,that和what的区别“that”在名词性从句不作任何句子成分;what在名词性成句中要作句子成分,并且what从句常常可以换成the适合的n+that引导定语从句lIt isfeared thatmany lineshave beenlest inthe earthquake.21don^t knowwhat heis thinkingabout.3What wewe cantgetseems betterthan whatwe have.二Things thatwe cantsetseem betterthan thingswe have.41amnotwhat I used to be ten years ago.=I amnot theperson thatIusedto betenyearsago.请用that和what填空l,My ideais youshouldmakegood useof yourtime.2,hewillcometothe discussionis certain.3,he knowsabout itis out of dateand inaccurate.4,After wasabout fiveminutes,the teachergave thestudentsthe correctanswer tothe question.5,Knowing itwas justa differencein custom,theforeigner smiled.6,The otherday,my brotherdrove hiscar atI thoughtwasa dangerousspeed.7,It ispretty wellunderstood controlsthe flowof carbondioxidein andoutofthe atmospheretoday.8Jt isonly naturalyou want tobeindependent.标准答案1,that2,That3,What4,what5,that6,what7,what8,that4,whatever和whichever的区别whichever说话者心中有一定的范围;用whatever说话者心中没有范围请用whatever和whichever填空1,team winson Saturdaywillgothrough tothe nextnationalchampionships.,2He isready toaccept helphe canget.3,I takeback Isaid justnow.4,They areall goodbooks.I reallydont knowone Ishould choose.标准答案,2),whatever3)what4),1)whicheverwhich5,其它连接代词或副词的考查,常常根据句意即可选出1),——I wentto attendthe lectureyesterday.(自编题)Is thatyouhadaday offA whyB becauseC thatDwhat2),John,go andget yourbackpack.It isjust youleft it.(自编题)A inwhich Bthere CwhatD where3),Do youknow hewillcomehere(自编题)By bike.A whyB whenC howDwhat4),He saidthat everyoneshould getequal pay.That isIdisagree.(自编题)A whatB whereB thatDwhich标准答案1)-4),A DC B6,名词性从句都要用陈述语序;感叹句充当从句,其语序不变They wantto knowwhen thelecture is.Peter iswondering whowehaveinvited.He askedme whowas the best playeror whothebestplayer was.He askedwhat wasthe matteror what the matterwas.He askedwhatthetime was.1These shoeslook verygood.I wonder.(自编题)A howmuch didthey costB howmuch they costC howmuch weretheycostD howmuch theywere cost2),You can5t imagine!(自编题)A whata hard life Mr.Ian isliving Bhow ahard lifeis Mr.Lan livingCwhat Mr.Lan isliving ahardlifeD howMr.Lan isliving ahardlife标准答案1-2B A7,若主句动词是过去式,宾语从句一般要用相应过去形式;但客观真理时态最好不变,仍然用一般现在时1,He toldme thatMr.Lan wasgoing tobuya carsoon.2,When Iwas injunior middleschool,my geographyteacher oftentoldme thesun risesinthe east..8,区另!Jwhoever whateverwhichever wherever,whenever^howeve引导的从句no matterwho,no matterwhat,no matterwhich,no matterwhere...引导的从句Whatever等既可以引导让步状语从句,又可以引导名词性从句No matterwhat等只能引导让步状语从句11wont changemy mind,whatever yousay.=1wont changemy mind,no matterwhat yousay.2Whatever has a beginning also has an end.=Anything thathasabeginningalsohasanend.3Whoever comesJ wontgo tothe concert.4=No matterwho comes,I wontgo tothe concert.51would liketo talkto whoeverrespects me.=1would liketo talkto anyonewho respectsme.6You canborrow mycar wheneveryou want.二You canborrow mycar onmatter whenyouwant.Whenever youwanttocomeisfine withme.。