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第十六讲简单句的种句子结构5一学习目标
1.熟练掌握简单句的5种句子结构二考点解析英语句子成分主谓宾,定状表1)主语(S)是一句的主体,是动作的发出者Studentsstudy.(学生学习)We arefriends4我们是朋友)2)谓语(V)主语发出的动作vt.及物动词/vi.不及物动词/动词词组,放在主语的后面如Students study.We playedthe basketball.3)宾语(O)动作的承受者I likecooking.They willdo youa favor.4)定语是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任形容词放在名词之前,相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面如This isa redsun.He isa tallboy.5)状语是用来说明动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的成分常由副词担任修饰动词时可以放在动词之前,也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前如The studentsstudy hard.I oftenwrite tohim.The bagis tooheavy.6)表语用来说明主语的性质或状态一般由名词或者形容词担任如English isnot easy.We arefamily.通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语,谓语前的成分是状语,时间词作状语放在句子后面句子的成分分布如下(定语)主语(状语)谓语(定语)宾语(状语)如(The tall)boy(often)goes(to thebig)zoo.()()The happychild---went hisschool yesterday.基本句型一S+V(主+谓)英语句子长短简繁不一,但可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装基本句型二s+V+P(主+谓/系+表)基本句型三S+V+0(主+谓+宾)基本句型四s+V+In0+D0(主+谓+间宾+直宾)基本句型五:S+V+0+0C(主+谓+宾+宾补)1,主谓结构The newlaw works.The boy spoke to his teacher.The littleboyspokeloudly tohis teacher.The boynamed Tom spoke tohis mathteacher ina lowvoice.The littleboy calledTomspoketohisChinese teacher.2,主谓宾结构
1.Tom madea holein thewall.
2.1don t know ifhe cancome tomorrow.
3.They havent decidedwhere togo next.
4.She stoppedteaching Englishtwo yearsago.
5.It tookthem ten years tobuild thedam.
6.Mother promisesto giveme apresent.作宾语的词1,名词I dont knowhim.2,代词He refusedto supportus.3,反身彳弋词Please expressyourself inyour ownwords.4,,不定式We managedto putthe fireout.5,动名词She avoidedanswering them.6,从句She foundthat shewrong.7,wh-词4-to doI dontknowwhat to do withit.3,主谓宾结构拓展I forgotto mailthe letteryesterday.Unfortunately,I forgotto mailthe letteryesterday.Unfortunately,I forgotto mailthe letteryesterday,which disappointedmy mumso much.4,主系表结构系动词可分四类1)be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用,后可接动词外的任何词;2)感官动词类look,feel,smell,taste,sound等+adj.3)表示变化get,grow,become,turn,go4)表示状态延续stay,keep,prove,remain,等5,主谓宾宾结构e.g.She gaveme an apple.=She gaveanappleto me.说明此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(事物)”组成如He bringsme latestnews everyday.常跟双宾语的动词有(需借助to的)bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等;
1.Johnson先生去年教我们德语
2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事
3.请把那本字典递给我好吗?
4.他把车票给列车员看6,主谓宾+宾补结构特点动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整The sunkeeps uswarm.I heardhim singing.You mustget yourhair cut.They madeTom monitor.He usedtodohis homeworkwith hisradio on.拓展分析长难句Some ofthe world,s mostfamous musiciansrecently gatheredin Parisand NewOrleans tocelebratethe firstannual InternationalJazz Day.In thecoming months,we arebringing togetherartists formall overthe globe,to enjoyspeakingShakespeares playsin theirown language,in ourglobe,within thearchitecture Shakespearewrote for.三练习题分析下列句子的句子结构
1.we areworking,o
2.1can swimvery well.
3.The waiterbrought abottle ofbeer tome.
4.Why doesthe windblow
5.The rainhas beenpulling downfor awhole day.
6.Both Tomand Jackenjoy countrymusic.
7.Jim askedyou togive hisbest wishesto everyone.
8.You mustget thecar readyby tomorrow.
9.1have alot ofclothes to wash.
10.He gavehis sonsome adviceon reading.
11.Read methe firstparagraph.
12.Tve orderedsome soupfor you.
13.He beganleaning Englishten yearsago.
14.My beinglate worriedmy teacher.
15.The presidenthimself wouldvisit ourschool.参考答案
1.We areworking.主系表
1.1can swimvery well.主谓
3.The waiterbrought abottle ofbeer tome.主谓双宾/主谓宾状
4.Why doesthe windblow风为什么会吹?主谓
5.The rainhas beenpulling downfor awhole day.雨已经下了一整天了主谓
6.Both Tomand Jackenjoy countrymusic.主谓宾
7.Jim askedyou togive hisbest wishesto everyone.主谓宾补
8.You mustget thecar readyby tomorrow.主谓宾补
8.1have alot ofclothes towash.主谓宾,towash做clothes的定语
10.He gavehis sonsome adviceon reading.主谓双宾
11.Read methe firstparagraph.主谓双宾
12.Tve orderedsome soupfor you.主谓双宾/主谓宾状
13.He beganleaning Englishtenyearsago.主谓宾
14.My beinglate worriedmy teacher.我的迟到让我的老师很担心主谓宾,动名词短语My beinglate做主语
15.The presidenthimself wouldvisit ourschool.总统将亲自参观我们的学校主谓宾。