还剩15页未读,继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览,全部文档请下载后查看!喜欢就下载吧,查找使用更方便
文本内容:
口译笔记速记符号汇总及简写规则目录
[1].Note-taking symbolsand abbreviations⑵.关于缩略词关于字母和图像
[3].⑷.用箭头、数字符号、标点符号来表示
1.Note-taking symbolsand abbreviationsfor yourreference:Abbreviations inNote takingUseonly theabbreviations thatfit yourneeds andthat youwillremember easily.A goodidea isto introduceonly afewabbreviations intoyour notetaking ata time.Symbols helpfulin math--these arecommonly usedin textsandreferences.S=sum二f frequencyRCV:receive保留前几个字母FINFO informationINSinsuranceEXCH exchangeI owe youIOUIn steadof I/O保留开头和结尾个发音字母FWK weekRMroomPL people根据发音FR areTHOthoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACCAccountantACDG AccordingACPTAcceptAD AdvertisementADSAddressADV AdviceAMAPAs much/many aspossibleAMT AmountAPVApproveASAP Assoon aspossibleBAL BalanceBLDGBuildingCERT CertificateCFMConformCNCL CancelCNFConferenceCMI CommissionCMPCompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONCConcem/concerning/concemedCOND ConditionCO.CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISCDiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLTFlightFNT FinalFRTFreightFYR Foryour referenceGDGoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O.Home officeINFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMPT ImportantINCD IncludeINDIVIndividual INSInsurance INTSTInterested I/OInstead ofIOUIoweyouIVO Inview ofMANUFManufacture MDLModelMEMO MemorandumMGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSGMessage NCRYNecessary NLTNo laterthan OBSObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPLPeople PLSPlease POSNPosition POSSBLPossible PRODProductQLTY QualityQUTY QuantityRCVReceive REFReference REGLRegular REPRepresentativeRESN ReservationRPT RepeatRESPON ResponsibleSECSection SITNSituation STDStandard TELTelephone TEMPTemporaryTGM TelegraphTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRFTraffic TTLTotal UYou URYour WKWeekWL WillWTWeightXL Extralarge
二、字母、图像表示“人因为“看上去像个人头,它通常Z people/person,Z”被写在一个词或符号的右上角例如日本人JZo表示政府,统治希腊字母读近C government,govern C/ga:ma/,似所以就用来表示government,C govern,government0可以表示为governmental officialCZ表示政治:希腊字母读近似P politics,political P/pai/,politics,那么就可以表示为politicalo politicianPZ表示总数E total,totally,entire,entirely,on thewhole,all inall,to数学符号表示总值sum up,etc.E表示效率为效率符号G efficient,effective Go表示“通货膨胀”因为这个符号酷似一个上升的Q inflation气球表示农业经常用至,所以用首字A agriculture,agriculture U母代替表示商业B businesso表示冲突,矛盾中的表示Cx conflict,confrontation“Cx x反对,字母将反对的概念缩小为和“C”conflict confrontation表示工作,职业等它是的第一个字W work,employ work母所以就可以用来表示而(在字母上方表WZ worker,W Z示在字母下方表示)employer,employee表示工业:字母像只烟囱,所以用来可以i industry,industrial i用来表示工业看酷似一个酒杯,在笔记中表示合同、协议(U Utreaty,)一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示“举杯agreement祝贺如果在内填入就可以表示为(双边U2xxxx,bilateral的),填入表示为(三边的)填入在中填入3trilateral U1表示(单边主义),填入()表示多Unilateralism mmultiple边主义如果在上加一个表示谈判破裂U xxxx表示“国家”、“民族“领土”等0country,state,nation,etc.表示进口,表示出口gO Og这个符号酷似一把椅子,可以表示主持、主办chair,host,那么在此符号上加表示主席,主持人preside overZ chairman,host,etc.表示“领导人”那么T leader,head headof government,head便可以表示为of companyCT圆圈表示一个圆桌,中间一点表示一盆花,这个符号就可O以表示会议、开会等meeting,conference,negotiation,seminar,discussion,symposium这个符号看上像条鱼,所以表示“捕鱼业”等合有关k fishery的词汇圆圈代表地球,横线表示赤道,所以这个符号就可以表示国0际的、世界的、全球的等international,worldwide,global,universal,etc.表示开心、J pleasant,joyfuL happy,excited,etc.表示不满、生气L unsatisfied,discomfort,angry,sad,etc.表示听到、总所周之:EO aswe allknow,as isknown to all,as youhavealready heardof,etc.表示漠不关心、无动于衷O indifferent,apathetic,unconcern,dont caremuch,etc.
三、箭头表示至达、传达g Ugo into,arrive at,give to,send to,present toetc.表示导致、弓导表示I leadto,result in,in thedirection of,etc.屈服submit to表示来自于f be/come from,return,receive from,etc.表示追溯至Ll come/go backto,originate表示上升表示发h up/upward/rise,increase,arise,ascend,etc.射、投放市场、发行launch,open,start,etc.表示发展、加强、推进develop,strengthen,promote,etc表示波折”ups anddowns,twists andturns,etc.
四、数学符号+表示“多”many,lots of,a greatdeal of,a goodmany of,etc.表示“多”的比较级+++2more表示“多”的最高级+3most—表示“少”little,few,lack Jnshort bein shortageof etc.x表示错误、失误和坏的概念wrong/incorrect,somethingbad,notorious,negative,etc.表示“多于概念bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than,etc.表不;高”概念superior tosurpass,etc.表示少于概念less/smaller,etc.表示“低概念inferior to,etc.=表示“同等”概念means,that isto say,in otherwords thesame as,be equal to,etc.表示“对手”概念a match,rival,competitor,counterpart,etc.表示“在之「可“among,within,etc.丰表示“不同概念:be differentfrom,etc.表示“无敌”概念matchless,peerless,etc.表示“大约概念〜about/around,or so,approximately,etc./表示“否定”,“消除”等概念cross out,eliminate,etc.
五、标点等:表示各种各样“说”的动词say,speak,talk,marks,announce,declare,etc.表示“问题“例如台湾问题question,issue,tw这个点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样表示.dot”.d”表示表示yesterday,“.y”last year,.2m”two monthago“y”表示this year,“y
2.”two yearlater;unext week“,可以表示为“wk.”表示转折AN表示好的状态,表示right/good,famous/well-known,etc.同意状态,stand upfor,support,agree withsb,certain/affirmative,etc.☆表示“重要的状态模范的important,exemplary best,outstanding,brilliant,etc.表示交流状态n exchange,mutual,etc.表示“和,与and,together with,along with,accompany,along with,further more,etc.//表示结束end,stop,halt,bring sthtoastandstill/stop,etc.Leave outperiods instandard abbreviations.cf=compare e.g.=example dept=departmentUse onlythe first syllable of a word.pol=politicsdem=democracy lib=liberalcap=capitalismUse entire firstsyllable and only1st letter of2nd syllable,pres=presentationsubj=subjectind=individual二cons conservativeEliminatefinal letters.Use just enough of the wordto forma二recognizable abbreviation,assoc=associate biolbiologyinfo=information
六、较长单词的处理办法简写为例如-ism msocialism Sm简简写为例如(标准化)-tion nstandardization stdn简简写为例如-cian otechnician techo简写为例如(市场营销)-ing gmarketing MKTg简写为例如-ed daccepted acptd简写为例如-able/ible/ble blavailable avbl简写为例如-ment mtamendment amdmt简写为例如-ize zrecognize regz简写为例如-ful flmeaningful mnflach=achievement chem=chemistry二max=maximum introintroduction二cone=concentration minminimumrep=repetitionOmit vowels,retain onlyenough consonantsto givea二recognizable skeletonof the word,ppd preparedprblm=problem estmt=estimate二bkgd backgroundgvt=governmentUse an apostrophe inplace ofletters,amt=amount contd=continued gov!t=government educatl=educationalForm the plural ofa symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts=chaptersegs=examplesfs=frequencies二intros introductionsUseg torepresent ingendings.ckg=checkingestg=establishing二decrg decreasingexptg=experimentingSpell outshort wordssuch asin,at,to,but,for,and key.Abbreviations orsymbols forshort wordswill makethe notestoodense withshorthand.Leave outunimportant words.Leave outthe wordsa and the.If aterm,phrase,or nameis written out in full duringthe lecture,substitute initialswhenever theterm,phrase,or nameis usedagain.For example,Center forAerospace SciencesbecomesCAS thereafter.Use symbolsfor commonlyrecurring connective or transitionalwords.二and二w/withw/o=withoutvs=against\二therefore==is orequalUse technicalsymbols whereapplicable.zb=German,for example二ibid Latin,the sameworko=degrees二H2O waterMorereference:Use standardmaths,accounting,and sciencesymbols.Examples:+plus//parallelUse standardabbreviations andleave outfull stops.Examples:egexampleIT deptInformation TechnologydepartmentUK UnitedKingdomUse onlythe firstsyllable ofa word.Examples:mar marketingcuscustomer cliclientUse theentirefirstsyllableandthe firstletterof the secondsyllable.Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTodistinguish amongvarious formsof thesame word,use thefirstsyllable ofthe word,anapostrophe,andtheending oftheword.Examples:techgy technologygenion generalisationdely deliveryUsejustenoughofthebeginning ofa wordto forma recognisableabbreviation.Examples:assoc associatedachachievementinfo informationOmitvowels fromthe middleof words,retaining onlyenoughconsonants toprovide arecognisable skeletonoftheword.Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmtmovementprblm problemFormthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyaddings.’Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUseg torepresent ingendings.Examples:decrg decreasingckgcheckingestblg establishingSpellout,rather thanabbreviate shortwords.Examples:in butaskeyLeave outunimportant verbs.Examples:iswaswereLeave outunnecessary articles.Examples:a antheIf aterm,phrase,or nameis initiallywrittenoutinfullduring thetalkor meeting,initials canbe substitutedwhenever theterm,phrase,or nameis usedagain.Example:January AdvertisingCampaign BudgetJACBUse symbolsfor commonconnectiveortransition words.Examples:@at2to4for andw/withw/o withoutvsagainstCreate yourown setof abbreviationsand symbols.You maywishto developseparate setsof symbolsand abbreviationsfordifferent coursesor subjects.Other Symbolsand Abbreviationsas aresult of/consequences of—resulting in---and/also+equalto/sameas=following ffmostimportantly*less thangreater thanespecially esp/
一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP:important,ASAP:as很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大soon aspossibleo有裨益缩略词的写法一般为四种方式拿掉所有元音FMKT:marketMGR:managerMSG:messageSTD:standard。