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必修-Unit1ANNES BESTFRIENDbo youwant afriend whomyou couldtell everything to likeyour deepestfeelings andzthoughtsOr areyou afraidthat yourfriend wouldlaugh atyou,or wouldnot understandwhat youaregoing throughAnne Frankwanted the first kind,so shemade herbest friend.Anne livedin Amsterdamin Netherlandsduring WouldWar II.Her familywas Jewishsothey had to hideor they would becaught by the GermanNazi.She andher familyhid awayfornearly twenty-five monthsbefore they were discovered.During that time theonly truefriend washerdiary.She said,工dont want to setdown aseries offacts in a diaryas mostpeople do,butI wantthis diaryitself to be my friend,and Ishall call myfriendKitty/Now readhow shefeltafter beingin thehiding placesince July
1942.Thursday15th June1944Dear Kitty,I wonderif itsbecause Ihavent been able to be outdoorsfor solong that Ive grownsocrazy abouteverythingtodo withnature.I canwell rememberthat therewas a time whena deepbluesky,the songof thebirds,moonlight andflowers could never havekept mespellbound.Thatschanged sinceI washere....For example,one eveningwhen it was sowarm,I stayed awake onpurpose untilhalf pastelevenin orderto have a goodlook at the moonby myself.But asthe moongave fartoo muchlight,I didntdare opena window.Another timefive monthsago,I happenedto beupstairs atduskwhen the window wasopen.I didntgo downstairsuntil the window had to beshut.The dark,rainyevening,thewind,the thunderingclouds heldme entirelyin theirpower;it was thefirst time in ayear anda halfthat rdseen thenight faceto face....…Sadly…工am only able to look atnature throughdirty curtainshanging beforevery dustywindows,its nopleasure lookingthrough theseany longerbecause natureis onething thatreallymust beexperienced.your,AnneFriday,10July1942When wearrived atPrinsengracht,we wentquickly upstairsand thehiding place.We closedthedoor behindus andwe werealone.Margot hadcome fasteron herbicycle andalready waitingforus.All therooms werefull ofboxes.They layon thefloor and the beds.The littleroom wasfilledwith bedclothes.We had to startclearing upat once,if wewished to sleep incomfortablebeds that night.Mummy andMargot were not able to help.They weretired andlay down on theirbeds.But Daddyand Ithe twohelper of the family,started atonce.zThe wholeday weunpacked theboxes,filled thecupboards andtidied,until we wereextremely tired.We didsleep inclean bedsthat night.We hadnthad anywarm foodto eat all day,but wedidnt care.Mummy andMargot were too tiredand worriedto eat,and baddyand Iwere toobusy.FRIENDSHIP INHAWAIIEvery culturehas its own waysto showfriendship.On the islands ofHawaii,friendship ispartof thealoha spirit”.In the language of the Hawaiianswho firstsettled theislands longago,alohahad a very specialmeaning.That isto bewith happiness
1.Hawaiians believethat oncesomebody lovesthe land,they areready tolove theirpeople orcommunity.This isthe secondmost importsign of friendship.It is called lokahiin Hawaiianlanguage,which meansoneness with all people.To enjoythe landyou shouldnot beselfish.Theland isfor everyonewho liveson it.Today manydifferent peoplecall Hawaiitheir home.Indeed,Hawaii is a placewhere peoplemake onebig communityfrom manysmaller communities.Eachperson giveskokua helpto other people so that allfell stronger.Its believedthat theislandscan bea paradisewhen thepeople livein peace.People aretold that their actionsshould beasgentle asthewindthat blowsfrom thesea.When problemshappen,people areasked tosolve themwithunderstanding.So whenpeople ofHawaii talkabout ohanafamily,they arereally talkingaboutall those who liveon theislands.Living inpeace,Hawaiians havedeveloped athird signoffriendship.This personalfriendshipis shownby givingleis toone another.The lie,a stringof flowers,is putover afriendsneck.Then thefriend isgiven akiss oncheek.Visitors to theislandsare alsogiven lies.When theyhearaloha,visitors beginto feelat home.Aloha also means goodbye”,so visitorswill hearit againwhenthey leave.It canalsomeanour heartssinging together.Perhaps thisis howmost visitorswillremember theirnew friendship.Unit2THE ROADTO MODERNENGLISHAt theend of the16th century,about fiveto sevenmillion peoplespoke English.Nearly all ofthem livedin England.Later in the nextcentury,people fromEngland madevoyages toconquerother partsof the world andbecause ofthat,English beginto bespoken in many other countries.Today,more peoplespeak Englishas theirfirst,second ora foreignlanguage than ever before.Native Englishspeakers canunderstand eachother evenif theydont speakthe samekind ofEnglish.Look atthis kind of exampleBritish BettyWould youlike to see myflat AmericanAmy Yes.Id liketo comeup toyour apartmentSowhy hasEnglish changedover timeActually alllanguages changeand developwhencultures meetand communicatewith eachother.At firstthe English spoken inEngland betweenaboutAD450and1150was verydifferent the Englishspokentoday.It wasbased moreon Germanthanthe Englishwe speak at present.Then graduallybetween aboutA0800to1150,Englishbecame lesslike germenbecause thosewho ruledEngland spokefirst Danishand laterFrench.These newsettlers enrichedthe Englishlanguage andespecially itsvocabulary.So bythe1600sShakespeare was able to make useof awider vocabularythaneverbefore.In1620some Britishsettlersmoved toAmerican.Later in the18th centurysome Britishpeople weretaken toAustraliatoo.English began to bespoken inboth countries.Finally bythe19th centurythelanguagewas settled.At thattime twobig changesin Englishspelling happenedfirst SamuelJohnson wrotehis dictionaryand laterNoah Websterwrote TheAmericanDictionary of theEnglishLanguage.The lattergave aseparate identityto AmericanEnglishspelling.English nowis alsospoken asa foreignor secondlanguage inSouth Asia.For example,Indiahas avery largenumber offluent Englishspeakers becauseBritain ruledIndia from1765to
1947.during thattime Englishbecame thelanguage forgovernment andeducation.English isalso spokeninSingapore andMalaysia andcountries inAfrica suchas SouthAfrica.Today thenumber ofpeoplelearning Englishin Chinais increasingrapidly.In fact,China mayhave thelargest number ofEnglish learners.Will ChineseEnglish developitsownidentity Onlytime willtell.STANDARD ENGLISHAND DIALECTSWhatis standard English Isit spokenin Britain,the US,Canada,Australia,India andNewZealand Believeit ornot,there isno suchthing asstandardEnglish.Many peoplebelieve theEnglishspoken on TV and the radiois standardEnglish.This isbecause in the earlydays ofradio,thosewhoreported thenews wereexpected tospeak excellentEnglish.However,onTVand theradioyou willhear differencesin theway peoplespeak.When peopleuse wordsand expressionsdifferent from the standardlanguage”,it iscalleda dialect.American English has many dialects,especially theMidwestern,southern,AfricanAmerican andSpanish dialects.Even insome partsof theUSA,two peoplefrom neighbouringtownsspeakalittle differently.American Englishhas somanydialectsbecause peoplehave comefromall overthe world.Geography alsoplays apart inmaking dialects.Some people who livein the mountains of theeastern USAspeak withan olderkindofEnglish dialect.When Americans moved fromone placetoanother,they tooktheir dialectswith them.So peoplefrom themountains in the southeasternUSAspeak withalmost the same dialectsas people in thenorthwestern USA.The USAisa largecountry in which manydifferent dialectsare spoken.Although manyAmericansmovea lot,theystill recognizeand understandeach othersdialects.THE OXFORDENGLISH DICTIONARYYoumay thinkthat Englishdictionaries havebeen usedfor many,many centuries.The spellingofEnglishhas always beena problembut it was moreof aproblem in the daysbefore adictionary.Then peoplecould spellword indifferent wayswhich youmight findit interesting.But itmadereading Englishmuch moredifficult.So dictionarieswere inventedto encourageeverybody tospellthesame.In fact,an Englishdictionary likethe kindyou usetoday wasntmade untilthe timeof thelate QingDynasty.There mendid most of theimportant earlywork ondictionaries SamuelJohnson,Noah Webster,and JamesMurray.These menspent nearlyallof their livestrying tocollectwords for their dictionaries.Forthem,it wasntonlya job;it wasa wonderfuljourney ofdiscovery.The largestdictionary in theworld isthe OxfordEnglish Dictionary,or OEbfor short.The ideafor thisdictionary camefroman importantmeeting inBritain in
1857.Twenty-two yearslater,Oxford Universityasked JamesMurraytobethe editorof itsnew dictionary.Murray hadnever beento college.At theage offourteen,he lefthis villageschool inScotlandand taughthimself whileworking in a bank.Later hebecame agreat teacher.AfterOxford gavehim thejob,Murray hada placebuilt in the gardenbehind hishouse todo hiswork.Part ofit was one meterunderground.In winterit felt like abarn,he hadto weara heavycoat andputhis feetinabox tokeep warm.Every morning,Murray gotout ofbed atfive oclock andworkedseveral hoursbefore breakfast.Often hewould workbythe candle lightinto theevening.Murrayhoped tofinish thenew dictionaryin tenyears.But afterfive years,he wasstill addingwords fortheletter A!then otherswent towork withMurray,including histwo daughters.He workedon thedictionaryuntil he was veryold.Forty-four yearslater,inl928,other editorsfinished it.Itincluded more than15,000pages intwelve books.And youthought yourdictionary wasbig!Unit3JOURNEY DOWNTHE MEKONGPART1THE DREAMAND THEPLANAAy name is WangKun.Ever sincemiddle school,my sisterWang Wei and Ihave dreamedabouttaking agreat biketrip.Two yearsago shebought anexpensive mountainbike andthen shepersuadedme tobuy one.Last year,she visitedour cousins,bao Weiand Yu Hang attheir collegeinKunming.They areDai andgrew upin western Yunnan Provincenear theLancang River,theChinese partof the river thatiscalledthe Mekong River inothercountries.Wang Weisoon gottheminterested incycling too.After graduatingfrom college.we finallygot the chance totake abiketrip.I askedmy sister,Where arewe going11It wasmy sisterwho firsthad theidea tocyclealong theentire Mekong River fromwhere itbegins towhere itends.Now sheis planningourschedule for the trip.I amfond of my sisterbut she has oneserious shortcoming.She canbe reallystubborn.Although shedidnt knowthe bestway ofgetting toplaces,she insistedthat sheorganize thetripproperly.Now,I knowthat theproper wayis alwaysher way.I keptasking her,When areweleaving andwhen arewe comingback Iasked herwhether shehad lookedatamap yet.Of course,she hadnt;my sisterdoesnt careabout details.So Itold herthat thesource of the Mekongis inQinghaiProvince.She gaveme adetermined look—the kindthat saidshe wouldnot changehermind.When Itold herthat ourjourney would begin atan altitudeof morethan5,000metres,sheseemed tobe excitedabout it.When Itold herthe airwouldbehard tobreathe andit wouldbevery cold,she saidit wouldbe aninteresting experience.I knowmy sisterwell.Once shehas madeupher mind,nothing canchange it.Finally,I hadto givein.Several monthsbefore ourtrip,Wang Weiand I went to the library.We foundalargeatlaswith goodmaps thatshowed detailsof worldgeography.From theatlas wecould seethat the MekongRiver beginsinaglacier ona Tibetanmountain.At firstthe river is smalland thewateris clearand cold.Then itbegins tomove quickly.It becomesrapids as it passesthrough deepvalleys,travelling acrosswesternYunnanProvince.Sometimes theriver becomesa waterfallandenters widevalleys.We wereboth surprisedto learnthat halfof theriverisin China.After itleavesChina andthe highaltitude,the Mekongbecomes wide,brown andwarm.As itentersSoutheast Asia,its paceslows.It makeswide bendsor meandersthrough lowvalleys tothe plainswhererice grows.At last,theriverdelta entersthe SouthChina Sea.PART2NIGHT INTHE MOUNTAINSAlthoughitwasautumn,the snowwas alreadybeginning tofall inTibe+.Our legswere soheavyand cold that theyfeltlikeblocks ofice.Have youever seensnowmen ridebicyclesThats whatwelooked like!Along theway childrendressed inlong woolcoats stoppedtolookat us.In thelateafternoon wefound itwas socoldthatour waterbottles froze..However,the lakesshonelike glassinthe settingsun andlooked wonderful.Wangwei rodein frontof meas usual.She isvery reliableand I knewI didntneed toencourage her.To climb themountainswas hardwork butas welookedaround us,weweresurprised bythe view.We seemedtobe able to see formiles.At onepoint wewereso highthat wefound ourselvescycling throughclouds.Then webegan goingdown the hills.Itwas greatfun especiallyasitgradually becamemuch warmer.In thevalleys colourfulbutterfliesflew aroundus andwe sawmany yaksand sheepeating greengrass.At thispoint we hadtochangeour caps,coats.gloves andtrousers forT-shirts andshorts.In theearly eveningwe alwaysstop to make camp.We putup ourtent andthen weeat.Aftersupper WangWei puther headdownonher pillowand went tosleepbut Istayedawake.Atmidnight thesky becameclearer andthe starsgrew brighter.It wasso quiet.There was almost nowind—only theflames ofour firefor company.As Ilay beneaththe starsI thoughtabout howfarwe hadalready travelled.We willreach Daliin YunnanProvince soon,where ourcousins baoWeiandYuHangwill joinus.We canhardly waittoseethem!PART6THE ENDOF OURJOUNEYCambodia wasinmanyways similarto Laos,although ithas twicethe population.At anotherinn,we talkedwithateacher whotold us that halfof thepeopleinher countrycouldnt reador write.Her villagecouldnt evenafford tobuild aschool,so shehadtoteach outsideunder alarge tent.When wesaid goodbye,we allfelt verylucky tohave studiedin college.Back onthe road,we passedbetweenmany hillsand forests.Then we came tothe plainsand enteredPhnom Penh,the capitalofCambodia.In manyways itlooked likeVientiane andHo ChiMinh City;it alsohad widestreets withtreesin rowsand oldFrench houses.Unlike Vientiane,ships couldtravel theMekongRiverhere.Inthe centerof the city wevisited thepalace anda beautifulwhite elephant.It canonly beseenoutside thepalace onspecial days.We atean earlysupper andwenttosee agreat templewithfloors madeof sliver.The nextmorning ourgroup sleptlate.We werevery tiredfrom thelong bikeride thedaybefore.Cycling inthehillshad beendiffcuil+.Now ourcouins hadthechanceto makejokes aboutWangweiand me.Perhapsjhey said,theywere the strongonesIWe hadlunch atanice outdoorcafe,then rodeout of the city.Two dayslater wecrossed theborder intoVietnam.We began toseemany morepeople,but Iwasntsurprised.1read in an atlasbefore ourtrip thatVietnam hasalmost seventimes thepopulationof Cambodia.We meta farmerwho gaveus directionsand told usthat he growsa newricecrop fourtimes everyyear sohecanfeed morepeople.He alsotoldusthat thenorthern partofhis countryhas manymountains andit ismuch coolerthan hereinthesouth,where itisflat.Although theflat deltamade iteasier forus to cycle.we gotwarm veryquickly.So wedranklots of water anda+e lotsof bananas.Soon thedelta separatedinto ninesmaller rivers.Two dayslater,after wehad passedthousands ofrice fields,wecametothesea.We weretired butalso inhigh spiritsour dreamtocyclealong theMekongRiverhad finallycome true.Unit4A NIGHTTHE EARTHDIDT SLEEPStrangethings werehappening inthe countrisideof northestHeBei.For theredays thewaterinthevillage wellsrose andfell,rose andfell.Farmers noticedthatthewell wallshad deepcracksin them.A smellygas cameout ofthe cracks.In thefarmeryards thechickens andevenzthe pigsweretoonervous toeat.mice ranout ofthe fieldslooking forplaces tohide.fish jumpedout oftheir bowlsand ponds.At about300am onJuly28,1976,some peoplesaw brightlights inthesky.The soundoftheplanes could be heardoutside the city,who thoughtlittle oftheseevents.were asleepas usualthatnight.At342am everythingbegantoshake.lt seemedas ifthe worldwas atan endlElevenkilometresdirectly belowthe citythe greastearthquake of20th centuryhad begun.It wasfelt inBeijing,which is more thantwohundred kilometres away.One-third ofthe nationfelt it.A hugecrackthat waseight kilometreslong andthirty metreswide cutacross houses.roads andcanals.Steam burstfrom holesinthe ground.Hard hillsof rockbecame riversof dirt.In fifteenterribleseconds alarge layin ruins.The sufferingofthepeople wasextreme.Tow-thirds ofthemdied orwere injuredduring the earthquake.Thounds offamilies werekilled andmany chidrenwereleft withoutparents.The numberof people who werekilled orinjured reachedmorethan400,
000.But howcould thesurvivors believeitwasna+uralEverywhere theylooked nearlyeverythingwas destroyed.All ofthe cityshospitals75%of itsfactories andbuildings and90%of itshomeszwere gone.Bricks coveredthegroundlike redautumn leaves.No wind,however,could belowtheyaway.Two damsand mostofthebridges alsofell orwerenotsafe fortravelling.The railwaytracks were now useless piecesof steel.Tens ofthousands ofcows wouldnever givemilk again.Half amillion pigsand millionsof chickenswere dead.Sand nowfilled thewells insteadofwater.People wereshocked.Then laterthat afternoon,another bigquake whichwasalmostas strongasthe firstone shookTangshan.Some ofthe rescueworkers anddoctors weretrapped undertheruins.More buildingsfell down.Water,food,and eletricitywere hardto get.People begantowongder howlong thedisater wouldlast.All hopewas notlost.Soon afterthe quakes,the armysent150,000soliders toTangshan tohelpthe rescueworkers.Hundreds ofthousands ofpeople werehelped.The armyorganizedteams todig outthose weretrapped andto burythe dead.To thenorth ofthecitymostofthez10,000miners wererescued fromthe coalmines there.Workers builtsheltersfor survivorswhose homeshad beendestroyed.Fresh waterwas takentothecity bytraintruck andplane.Slowly,thecitybegantobreathe again.zA SAFEHOMEIt issad butthat peopledie inearthquakes from falling furnitureand bricks.Earthquakesafety isvery importantand thereismoreto itthan justkeeping buildingsfromfallingdown.So ifyourhome isin anearthquake area,you shouldprepare carefullybefore theearthquake comes.First,make sureyou buya housewhich isearthquake safe.All pipesshould befixed tothewall andall wallsshould beespecially thickand strong.You alsohave tomake sure that therearebolts underneathyour house.They areone ofthe mostimportant waysof protectinga house.Make surethe buildinghas nobreaken windowsand iswell repaired.Second Jookattheobjects inyour house.Those inthe livingroom,which arethe mostlikelyto hurtus,are computers,televisions andlamps.They canbe tiedto tablesor themso theywonteasily movearound.The kitchen,which isalso very dangerous,must havestrong doorson allthecupboards.This isthe placewhere manysmall thingsare storedthat mightfall down.The waterheatershould havea caseround ittoo.Windows arespecial problem.When theybreak,glass cancausemany accidents,.It isbetter touse safetyglass ifyou can,especially forpictures.Always remember11It isbetter tobe safethan sorry/1THE STORYOF ANEYEWITNESSBy JackLondonNever beforein historyhasacity beenso completelydestroyed.San Franciscois gone.Nothing isleft ofit butmemories andsome housesfar fromthe centreofthecity.Its buninessaregone.The factorieshotelsand palaceare allgone too.Within anhour aftertheearthquake,zthe smokeof SanFrancio^fires couldbeen seen160kilometresaway.The sunis redinthedarksky.There wasno stoppingthe fires.There wasno wayto organizeor communicate.The steelrailwaytrackswerenowuseless.And thegreat pipesfor carryingwater underthe streetshadburst.All ofthe waysman hadmade tokeep thecity safewere goneinthethirty secondthe earthmoved.Out atsea itwas calm.No windcame up.Yet fromeverydirection-east.weast.north.andsou+h.strong windsblew uponthe unluckycity.Man himselfhad tomakeruins ofthe citysbest buildingssothat theywouldnot bea dangerto thoseinthestreets.A listof buildingsundesteryed wasnow onlya fewaddresses.A listofthebrave menand thewomenwould filla library.A listof allthose killedwill neverbe made.Amazing asit mayseem,Wednesday nightwasaquiet night.There wereno crowds.Thepolicemen saidnothing;even theirhorses werequit.There wereno shoutsor peopledoing crazythings.In allthose terriblehours Isaw not one woman who cried,notonemanwhowas excited.Before thefires,through thenight,thousands andthousands ofpeoplewho had losttheir homesleftfor safety.Some werecovered inblankets.Sometimes wholefamilies puteverything theyownedand couldsave intowagons.They helpedone anotherclimbthehigh hillsaround thecity.Never inall SanFrsncioshis+roy wereherpeopleso kindasonthat terriblenight.Unit5Elias storyMynameisElias.I ama poorworker inSouthAfrica.The timewhen Ifirst metNelsonMandela wasaverydifficult periodof mylife.I wastwelve yearsold.It wasin1952and Mandelawas the blacklawyer towhom Iwent for advice.He offeredguidance topoor blackpeople ontheirlegal problems.He wasgenerous withhis time,for whichI wasgrateful.I neededhis helpbecause I had verylittle education.I beganschool atsix.The schoolwhereI studiedfor onlytwo yearswas threekilometers away.Ihadto leavebecause myfamily could notcontinue topay theschool feesandthebus fare.I could not reador writewell.After tryinghard,I gota jobinagold mine.However,this wasatimewhen onehadtogot tohaveapassbook to livein Johannesburg.Sadly I did nothave itbecause I was notborn there,andIworried aboutwhetherI wouldbecome outof work.The daywhen NelsonMandela helpedme wasone ofmy happiest.He toldme howto getthecorrect papersso I could stayin Johannesburg.I becamemore hopefulabout myfuture.I neverforgothow kindMandela was.When heorganized theANC YouthLeague,I joinedit assoon asI could.He said“The lastthirty yearshave seenthe greatestnumberoflaws stoppingour rightsandprogress,until todaywe havereached astage wherewe havealmost norights atall/1It wasthe truth.Black peoplecouldnotvote orchoose theirleaders.They couldnot getthejobs theywanted.The partsof townin whichthey hadto livewere decidedby whitepeople.Theplaces outsidethe townswhere theywere senttolivewerethepoorest partsof SouthAfrica.No onecould growfood there,.In factas NelsonMandela said“…We wereput intoa positioninwhichwehadeither toaccept wewere lessimportant,orfight the government.We choseto attackthe laws.We firstbroke thelaw ina waywhich waspeaceful;when thiswas notallowed...only thendid wedecide toanswer violencewith violence/1As amatter offact,I donot likeviolence...but in1963I helpedhim blowup somegovernmentbuildings.It wasverydangerousbecause ifIwascaught Icouldbeput in prison.But Iwas veryhappyto helpbecause I knew itwould helpus achieveour dreamof makingblack andwhite peopleequal.The restof EliasstoryYou cannotimagine howthe nameof Robben Island madeus afraid.It wasa prisonfrom whichno one escaped.There Ispent thehardest timeofmylife.But whenI gotthere NelsonMandelawas alsothere andhe helpedme.Mr Mandelabegan aschool forthose ofus whohad littlelearning.We readbooks underour blanketsand usedanything wecould findtomakecandles tosee thewords.I becamea goodstudent.I wanted to studyfor degreebut Iwas notallowed todo that.Later,Mr Mandelaallowed the prison guardsto joinus.He saidthey shouldnot bestopped fromstudyingfortheirdegrees.They werenot clevererthan mebut theydid passtheir exams.So IzknewIcouldget adegree too.That mademe feelgood aboutmyself.When Ifinished thefour yearsinprison,Iwentto findajob.Since Iwas bettereducated,Igot ajob workinginanoffice.However,the policefound outand toldmy bossthatIhad beeninprison forblowing upgovernment buildings.So Ilost myjob.Ididnot workagain fortwenty yearsuntilMr MandelaandtheANC cameto powerin
1994.All thattime mywife andchildren hadtobeg forfood andhelp fromrelatives orfriends.Luckily MrMandela rememberedme andgave meajob takingtourists aroundmy oldprison onRobbenIsland.I feltbad thefirsttimeI talkedto agroup.All theterror andfear ofthattimecame backto me.I rememberedthe beatingsand thecrueltyoftheguards andmy friendswhohaddied.I feltI wouldnot be abletodo汁,but myfamilyencouraged me.They saidthatthejob andthe payfromthenew SouthAfrica governmentweremy rewardafter workingallmylife forequal rightsfortheBlacks.So nowat51I amproudto showvisitors overtheprison,for Ihelped tomake ourpeople freein theirown land.A followerof Bill GatesI havebeenafriend of Bill Gatesforalong time.Iknewhim whenhewasa studentatHarvard University.We weresurprised whenhe leftUniversity toset uphis owncompany”Microsoft“and makehis ownsoftware.But hewastheclever one!He isvery goodat writingcomputerlanguages andalmost allcomputers nowuse Microsoftsoftware.The program“Word isusedfrom Britainto China!Of coursehehasmade alot ofmoney andthat makespeople veryjealous.They wantto stophis success.Even the government isagainst himand hastried tobreakhis companyinto twoparts.They saythatheis unfairto otherpeoplewhowanttosell similarsoftware.Because hefitshis newsoftware freein everynew computer,thegovernmentsays heisstopping othercompanies fromselling theirprograms.This is not fair.Everyone shouldbeabletodo whatthey can tomaketheir companybigger.BillGateshas notonly donewhat hecantostopother competitors.He isvery rich,but heis generous.He hasgiven millionsof dollarsto helptheeducation andthe healthof manychildren aroundtheworld.You couldnot meeta betterman thanBillGates.A competitorsofBillGatesBill Gateshas beenvery successfuland becomevery rich.He isvery generousbut howhas hegothis moneyHe hasdown thisby makingsurethatnooneelse willbeableto competewith hissoftware.His softwareisnotthe bestbut itis usedmost widelyintheworld.When hesees whatisneeded,he makesa programand producesit quickerthan anybodyelse.That wayhe getsa largepartofthesoftware market.Then heworks onimproving thesoftware later.He trieshard tostopothers makingbetter software.In1995thegovernmenttried tomake thingsfairer forpeoplelike me.The governmentwantedtomake Microsoftinto twocompanies sothat neitherofthem wasso strongnor sorich.This meantthattheycouldnotstop somebodyelse makingnewsoftware.I alwayswonder howhe couldget sorich soquickly.Has he done it by fairmeans Orhashedoneitbybeing acomputer bully必修二Unit1In searchoftheamber roomFrederickWilliam工,the kingof Prussia,couldneverhave imaginedthat hisgreatest gifttothe Russianpeople wouldhave suchan amazinghistory.This giftwastheAmber Room,which wasgiventhis namebecause severaltons ofamber wereused tomake it.The amber。