还剩6页未读,继续阅读
文本内容:
年高考英语语法不定式用法及考点2023
一、不定式一般式的三种用法
1、表示将来即表示发生在谓语动作之后的动作如We decidedto leaveearly.我们决定早点动身I hopeto finishreading thebook tonight.我希望今晚看完这本书I shouldlike togive hima chance.我愿意给他一个机会He askedme tobuy himsome paper.他叫我给他买些纸We expecthim tocome intime.我们希望他能及时来
2、表示同时表示与谓语动作同时发生的动作如He seemsto betired.他似乎累了注以下用作宾语补足语的不定式省略了to Whoheard himsay that是谁听到他这样说的?Did younotice mepause你注没注意我停顿了一下?
3、表示过去表示略先于谓语动作的动作如:Im sorry to hearthat.听到这事我很难过(to hear略先于amsorry)Helen waspleased to see him.海伦见到他很高兴Im happyto meetyou atlast.我很高兴我终于碰到了你Im gladtoseeyou lookingso happy.我很高兴看到你显得这样快活
二、不定式被动式的用法
1、基本形式不定式被动式的基本形式为to bedone;若表示动作先于另一动作之前,则用完成式,即to have been done
2、用法归纳不定式被动式在句中可以用作:
1.主语如:It sa greathonour to be invitedto thebanquet.承蒙邀请赴宴,甚是荣幸To beattacked bythe enemyis nota badthing,but agoodtiring.被敌人反对是好事,不是坏事It sa pityto bekept inthe housein fineweather.好天气时被留在家里是很遗憾的
2.表语如:All thisis to be sold.所有这些都是出售的Water mustbe pureif itis to be drunk.水如供饮用必须净化The switchboardis to be mannedat alltimes.任何时候电话总机那儿都应有专人在岗负责
3.宾语如She doesnt wantto beseparated fromhim.她不愿和他分开He beggedto beallowed toreturn toBrazil.他恳求允许他返回巴西I dont wishto bedisturbed inmy work.在工作时我不愿意被人打扰They demandedto beshown theauthentic documents.他们要求出示真实可靠的文件
4.定语如I madenotes ofthe thingsto bemended.我t已下了需要修补的东西The Blacksare thefirst to be firedand thelast to behired.黑人是最先被解雇,最后被雇用
5.状语如He asked to bekept informedabout developments.他要求随时向他报告发展情况As shewaited to be served,she becamevery impatient.她在等候侍者送饭时,很不耐烦She gotthere onlyto betold thatthey hadgone onholiday.她到达那里,被告知他们度假去了
6.宾语补足语如He didnot likehis intentiontobelaughed at.他不喜欢自己的意图受到嘲笑He orderedthe goodstobe sent byair.他命令把货物空运
7.主语补足语如The courtwas orderedtobecleared.有命令要关闭法庭The booksare notallowed tobe takenout ofthe room.不许将书携出室外
8.用在“for+名(代)词+不定式”结构中如It san honourfor metobeaskedtospeak here.我彳艮荣幸被邀在这里讲话It isessential forhim tobe preparedfor this.有必要让他对此有所准备It simpossible forthe jobtobefinished intime.这项任务要按时完成是不可能的The notewas asimple requestfor aporter tobesentto room
201.这个字条就是请指派一个搬运工到201室去Can youarrange forthe goldtobedelivered onMonday你能不能安排一下周一把金子送到?
三、不定式完成式的用法
1、表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作He seemsto havecaught acold.他似乎感冒了I hateto havequarreled withher.我后悔和她吵架了I believeit to have beena mistake.我相信这是一个错误You appearto havetravelled quitea lot.你似乎作过多次旅行I msorryto have givenyou somuch trouble.对不起给了你这么多麻烦It ssaid to havebeenbuilt inthe Mingdynasty.据说它是明朝修建的/
2、表示在某个给定的时间之前已完成的动作I hopetohavefinished thework bynow.我希望现在以前已完成这项工作
3、表示过去未曾实现的想法和愿望I shouldlike tohave comeearlier.我本想早点来的We weretohavebeen marriedlast year.我们本来打算去年结婚的
四、不定式否定式的用法说明
1、不定式的否定式的构成通常是将否定词not或never置于不定式之前,即构成not to do或never to do的形式,注意not和never一定要放在不定式符号to的前面,而不是其后面The doctoradvised menot tosmoke.医生劝我不要抽烟It spolitically short-sighted not to do so.不这样做在政治上是短视的He stronglyadvised menot todoso.他使劲劝我别这样做Take carenot tobreak it.小心别把它打破了Be carefulnot tobreak anything.当心别打破什么了She hadsense enoughnot tosay anythingabout it.她有足够的头脑不提此事Father warnedme neverto driveafter drinking.父亲警告我不要酒后开车Visitors arerequested not to touchthe exhibits.参观的人请勿触摸展品【注意】若不定式为完成式和被动式,否定词应置于整个结构之刖She pretendednot tohave seenhim.她假装没看见他It isnice not tobedependent onothers.不依靠别人是好的You weresilly not tohavelocked yourcar.你没锁车太傻To
2、so astodosth和in ordertodosth的否定式对于这两个结构的否定式,通常是将否定词置于不定式符号t之前,而不是置于整个结构之前或其他位置Study hardso as nottofail theexam.努力学习,以免考试不及格He camein quietlyin order notto wake hiswife.他轻轻进来,以免把他妻子吵醒Go inquietly soas nottowakethe baby.进去时不要出声,以免把宝宝吵醒Take everyprecaution soasnotto catchcold.采取一切预防措施以免感冒We keepthe windowshut in order notto letthe fliesin.我们把窗子关着以免苍蝇进来They hidthemselves inthe cavein ordernottobe seenbythe enemy.他们躲在洞穴里以免被敌人发现Please replyat onceinordernottolose thisopportunityof alower price.请立即回复,以免失去这次低价的机会They musthave worngloves inordernotto leaveanyfingerprints.他们一定戴上了手套,以防留下指纹。