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名词性从句
一、定义所谓名词性从句,就是把完整的句子当作名词来使用,在另一个句子中充当某种成分一般来讲,名词在句中主要充当四种成分主语、宾语、表语和同位语同样,我们可以把一个完成的句子当作名词来使用,在另一个句子中充当这四种成分,于是便有了我们常说的四种名词从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句当作名词的句子陈述句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句这三种句子不是直接在另一个句子中作成分,而是做以下调整
二、调整用陈述句作成分时,需要在陈述句句首加来引导1that陈述句名词从句解释That English is interestingis陈述句作主语,构成主English isinteresting.not myidea.语从句陈述句作宾语,构成宾She liveshere.1know thatshe liveshere.语从句My ideais that we should陈述句作表语,构成表We shouldstay calm.stay calm.语从句We won the game.The newsthatwewon the陈述句作同位语,补充说game isexciting.明构成同位语the news,从句以保留原句的疑问意义一般疑问句名词从句解释用一般疑问句作成分,需要先将疑问句的倒装语序换成正常的陈述语序,然后在2句首加上或只用在宾语从句中来引导,whether ififWill hecome tomy Whetherhe willcome tomy party一般疑问句作主语,构party makesno differenceto me.成主语从句Does heneed my1don/t knowif/whether heneeds•般疑问句作宾语,构help myhelp.成宾语从句Will peoplelive onMy questionis whetherpeople will一般疑问句作表语,构the moon someday liveonthemoonsomeday.成表语从句Scientists arguedthe questionIsthere lifeon other一般疑问句作同为据,whether thereis lifeon otherplanets补充说明the question,planet.构成同位语()用特殊疑问句作成分时,只需要将疑问句的倒装语序换成正常的陈述语序3特殊疑问句名词从句解释Why diddinosaurs Whydinosaurs becameextinct特殊疑问句作主语,构成become extinctis stilla mystery.主语从句1don/t knowwhere the officeWhere istheoffice特殊疑问句作宾语,构成is.宾语从句What arewe badly in Moneyis whatwe arebadlyin特殊疑问句作表语,构成need ofneed of.表语从句When willhe beback1have noidea whenhe willbe特殊疑问句作同位语,补back.充说明构成同位语从idea,句
三、常用引导词名词从句的引导词对应的句子类型是否作成分连词陈述句不作成分that连词一般疑问句不作成分whether,if连接副词when,where,when,where,why,how在从句why,how中状语;连接代词who,whom,在从句中作who,whom,what特殊疑问句what,which,whose主语、宾语或表语;在从句中作定于,which,whose后面接名词连用见主语从句引导的主语从句句型1that引导的主语从句直接放在句首的情况较少,例如:thatThat hedoesnt understandEnglishis obvious.That theworld isround isa fact.更常见的是作形式主语置于句首而将引导的主语从句放在句末it thatIt isobviousthat hedoesn/t understandEnglish.It isa factthat theworld isround.常见的主语从句句型过去分词+从句llt is+that..据报道Its reportedthat.・・・…人们相信…Its believedthat形容词从句2It is++that⑶名词短语从句It is++that…可惜的是…Itisa pitythat⑷不及物动词或其短语从句等It++that seem,appear,turn out,come about••彳以乎It seemsthat.・・・…结果证明是…It turnsout that
五、宾语从句⑴宾语从句的位置在及物动词后作宾语1Ive learnedthat love,not timeheals allwounds.I thinkthat heis fitfor thejob.)在双宾语动词后作直接宾语2Could youtell mewhere thepost officeisTell mewho hasbeen electedpresident ofthe committee.)在介词后作宾语3That dependson howhard youwork.)在某些形容词后作宾语4I amafraid thatI cantcome.I amsure thatwe shallsucceed.宾语从句后置5复合宾语结构中动词形式宾语+宾语补足语宾语从句+it+thatWe believeit truethat thehuman bodyis alsoa kindof goodconductor.在宾语从句中省略的问题2that一般来讲,引导宾语从句时,可将省去,但若是几个宾语从句并列使用,则that that连词不可省去that还是3if whether一般只用于引导宾语从句,而可引导宝库哦宾语从句在内的名词从句If whether不用弓|导主语从句,不与连用If hecomes ornot makesno difference.x ifif ornotWhether hecomes ornot makesno difference.V
六、表语从句表语从句通常置于系动词,尤其是后边1isa.This iswhere ourbasic interestlies.b.Change iswhat keepsus freshand innovative.Change iswhat keepsus fromgettingstale.Change iswhat keepsus young.名词后面的表语从句一般用引导,而不用2reason thatbecauseThe reasonwhy he was dismissedis that hewascareless andirresponsible.
七、同位语从句同位语,用来补充说明名词的成分同位语从句位于名词后边,用来进一步说明签名名词的内容,形式上构成“名词陈述句”的结构为了方便理解,同学们思考两+that+个句子花果山水帘洞美猴王,齐天大圣孙悟空来也我胡汉三又回来了12⑴“名词陈述句”句型+that+a.The factthathesucceeded inthe experimentpleased everybody.b.There isa popularsaying thatfamily instabilitycauses socialinstability.“名词+其他成分陈述句〃2+that+a.Evidence cameup thatspecific speechsounds arerecognized bybabies asyoung as6months old.b.A sayinggoes thatpractice makesperfect.。