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非谓语动词
(一)一动词todo形式・链接高考年高考英语全国甲卷)(Weiner wantsyou acoffee ortea and
1.2023to pickupsit downwith thisbook.I encourageyouto takehis offer.年高考英语全国新高考(卷)When JohnTodd wasa child,he loved
2.2023I toexplorethe woodsaround hishouse,observing hownature solvedproblems.年高考英语全国新高考卷)(a bookmust beactivated
3.2023H Toserve itsfunction,by auser:the coveropened,the pagesparted,the contentsreviewed,perhaps noteswrittendown orwords underlined.年高考英语全国新高考卷)(I promisedand themas
4.2023H to take careof Tiffysoonas wegotto KansasCity.年高考英语全国乙卷)(years later,she wasthe firstAfrican American
5.2023woman amedical degree.to receive年高考英语全国乙卷)(I havemissed plentyof beautiful
6.2023sunsets/sunrises dueon thespot onlyfive minutesbefore thebest moment.to being动词不定式动词不定式由、动词原形构成,如动词不定式虽然不能作谓to+to study,to play,语动词用,但仍留着动词的特征,它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语,如to studyhard,to playtable tenniso动词不定式的形式变化动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化
1.语态式一般式完成式进行式完成进行式to have been taking主动totaketo havetaken to be takingtohavebeentaken被动to betaken动词不定式的基本用法动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用,可在句
2.中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用,如()作主语(动词不定式作主语时,一般可用作形式主1To help others isgood.it语,而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末,如It isgood to helpothers.作表语动词不定式在系动词之后作表语,与2My jobis toteach themEnglish.be表示将来时的+动词不定式结构有所区别,如be Thegovernment planis to set upanother川.政府的计划是给山区再成立一所中学句中的谓语middle schoolfor thev agechildren动词为动词不定式为表语,主语为,但并不是动词不定式的逻辑主is,to setup...plan plan语,即动词不定式所表示的动作不是主语产生的tosetup plan作宾语:
①作及物动词的宾语,如
②作某些形容词3She wishesto bea musician.;的宾语可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad,sorry,afraid,pleased,determined,
③等,如动词willing,eager,anxious,ready,sure I am determinedto giveup smoking.;不定式一般不作介词的宾语,但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时,就可作介词的宾语,如Canyou givethem someadvice onwhat to do next作宾语补足语,如如果句中的谓语动4Tell thechildren not to playon thestreet,词为等,作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将省see,hear,watch,notice,have,make,let to去,如I sawa littlegirl runacross thestreet.,,,动词不定式在句中作宾语如带有宾语补足语时须先用作形式宾语而将该5it动词不定式后置,如I dont think itright to do itthat way.作定语动词不定式作定语时,须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后,如6Is thisthe和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的best waytohelp him介词,如如果被不定式修饰的名词为,不定He isthe manto dependon.place,time,way式后面的介词,习惯上可以省去,如The oldman islooking fora quietplace tolive.7作状语动词不定式可以作下列的状语
①目的状语Every morninghe getsup very为了强调不定式表示目的的作用,可在不定式前加或early toread English.in orderto so as以便或为了,但应注意位于句首或句中均可,而不能位于句首,toin orderto soas to如:将表示目的She readsChina Dailyevery dayin ordertosoastoimprove herEnglish.的不定式置于句首,也可强调目的的作用,如To mastera foreignlanguage,one mustwork
②结果状语:他们活到亲眼见hard atit.They livedto seethe liberationof theirhome town
③到了他们家乡的解放形容词或副词+动词不定式,表示足能…的结果,如too+Youare oldenough totake careof yourselfnow.复合结构不定式由名词或代词宾格+动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不
3.for+定式其中本身无意义后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语,这种不定式在句for for中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语,如It is very importantfor usto geteverything ready当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时,就用介词for theharvest.Of而不用引出不定式的逻辑主语,这些形容词一般有for good,nice,kind,wise,silly,stupid,等,如:foolish,right,wrong,careless,impolite Itisverykind ofyou tohelphimevery day.疑问词+动词不定式疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句
4.中可作主语、表语或宾语,如How toprevent themfrom swimmingin thisriver isa problem.动词不定式的否定式动词不定式的否定式是由+动词不定式构成,如
5.not Itswrongof younottoattend themeeting.动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系一般式动词不定式一般式所表示
6.1的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,但在多数情况下,是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生,如其后,We decidedto plantmore treesthis spring.They oftenwatch usplay同时;完成式:动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的table tennis.2动作之前,如进行式动词不定式进行式所表示Iamsorryto havekept youwaiting.3的动作正在进行中,而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,如She happenedto bewritinga letterin theroom whenI camein.动词不定式的被动语态用法如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动
7.作的承受者时,不定式一般就用被动语态形式,如What is tobedone nexthasnt beendecidedyet.随堂练习
1.Everyone inour classwas workinghard anddoing whatwe couldenter a good college
2.He ranas fastas hecouldhopeto catchthe earlybus,
3.Before goingabroad hedevoted allhe couldimprovehis oralEnglish.
4.Both ofmy parentsinsisted acomputer forme,but Idontthinkit isnecessary.
5.The bossinsisted thatevery minutebe madefull useofdo thework well
6.She looksforward everyspring topaya visitthe flower-lined garden.7,test eggs,put themin abowl ofwater:if theyfloat theyrebad,if theysink theyregood.8Mum,why doyou alwaysmake meeat anegg everyday””get enough protein and〃nutrition asyou aregrowing up.9—What doyou thinkabout English—Its adifficult languagespeak10How doyou dealwith thedisagreement betweenthe companyand thecustomers7The keysolvethe problemistomeet thedemand madeby thecustomers/分析其实正确答案应是此句为省略句,即在后省略了动词若把句子1to entercould do,o补完整应为Everyone inour classwas workinghard anddoing whatwe coulddo to enter a即句中的不定式短语()是用作目的状语的,而不是good collegetoenteragoodcollege0与情态动词()一起构成谓语could.分析此题的答案是,其中的现在分词短语2hoping hopingto catchthe earlybus,分析此题答案注意两点一是...是固定搭配,意为把……3to improving,devote...to贡献给……〃;二是其中的是介词,不是不定式符号,后接动词时要用动名词伴随状to语.分析答案其实,动词后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词,因为4on buyinginsist insist通常用作不及物动词;若语义上需接宾语,要借助介词或即用于()on upon,insist ondoing;但它有时的确也可用作及物动词,不过其宾语通常只能是从句,而不能是普通的sth that名词、代词或动名词.分析答案,是因为此句谓语为被动语态,假若将此句转换成主动语态,则5to do是句中涉及...should makefull useof everyminute todo thework well,make useof...todo),(利用……做某事)这一结构另外,还有(尽量利用sth makethe mostof makethe)(尽量利用等短语也可能用于此类试题best of分析答.案意为期盼,其中是介词,后接动词要用动名词6paying lookforward toto分析答,案,句首为目的状语
7.to testto testeggs分析:答.案表目的8•to get.to getenoughproteinand nutrition.分析:答案句型9to speakIts+adj/n+todo.答,案意为”……的关键,其中的是介词,不是不定式符号,10to solvingthe keyto...to若后接动词要用动名词。