主语表语同位语从句讲义高三英语二轮复习

一、定义在句子中作主语的从句叫做主语从句，按照引导词分为以下几种连接词、引导的从句一般位于句首，在从句中不作任何成分，没有实际意义,只1that:that有连接作用That he will cometo the party hasexcited everyone.有时用作形式主语，把从句后置，常见的结构有it形容词从句lts+obvious,true,surprising,good,wonderful,possible...+that毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好It iscertain thatshe willdo wellin herexam.很可能他把一切都告诉她了It isprobable thathe toldher everything.十名词词组从句lts afact,an honour,a goodthing,a pity,no surprise...+that很遗憾我们不能去Its apity thatwe cantgo.我们赢得这场比赛真荣幸Its anhonour thatour teamwin thegame.过去分词从句lts+said,reported,expected,decided,announced...+that据说格林先生已经到了北京It issaid thatMr.green hasarrived inbeijing.据报道珊瑚礁正遭受破坏It isreported thatcoral reefsare beingdestroyed.等不及物动词从句lt+seems/happens+that似乎不来参加晚会It seemsthat Aliceis notcoming to thepartyat all.Alice碰工我那天夕卜出了It happenedthat I was outthat day.5表示是否，在从句中不作任何成分，引导从句时可位于句首2if/whether:whether句末，但是引导从句时只能用作形式主语，从句后置if itWhetherthe work can be finished on time isdoubtful.It isdoubtful if/whether theworkcan befinishedontime连接代词连接副词连接彳弋词等；连接副词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whichever等，在从句充当一定的成分when/where/why/how谁将加入我们还没被决定Who willjoin ushas notbeen decided他最喜欢的是玩游戏What helikes mostis playingcomputer games..新道路什么时候开通还没决定When thenew roadis openhas notbeen decided.无论是谁想成功必须努力工作Whoever wants to successshould workhard表语从句

一、定义在句子中作表语的从句叫做主语从句，按照引导词分为以下几种连接词、在从句中不作任何成分，只有连接作用1thatThe factis thathe doesntreally try.The troubleis thatI have lost his address.、是否（不能引导表语从句）2whether ifThe question iswhether thefilm isworth seeing.、好像，仿佛3as if/as thoughItlooks as if itis goingto rain.、因为4becauseI amsleepy,and itis becauseI stayedup latelast night.连接代词连接副词连接代词等；连接副what/who/whom/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whichever词等，在从句充当一定的成分when/where/why/howThis iswhat Iam interestedin.The doubtis whohas takenaway thedocument.That waswhere wecamped lasttime.The questionis howwe cando thework better.、当主句主语为寸，表语从句引导词需要用而不是1reason Hthat,why/because.事故的原因是司机酒驾The reasonfor theaccident is that thedriver wasdrunk.、当主句主语是等表示命令建议的名词时，从句2advice/suggestion/request/order的谓语常用动词原形形式should+My adviceisthatwe shouldhave adiscussion aboutthis matter.同位语从句

一、定义同位语从句时用以解释、说明某一名词的内容的从句，在句子的作用等同于前面的名词可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,等doubt,advice,hope,message,suggestion,words,possibility,decision连接词连接作用，没有实际意义thatThe factthat somecountries arestill sufferingpoverty isreally abig problem.“是否”（不能引导同位语从句）whether ifThere is somedoubt whetherhewill come.连接代词连接副词连接代词等（不能引导同位语从句），在从句中充当一定what/who/whom which成分I have no ideawhat sizeshoes shewears.The questionwho willtake hisplace isstill notclear.连接副词等，在从句中充当一定成分when/where/how/whyWe haventyet settledthe questionwhere weare goingto spendour vacation.The questionwhy manypeople chooseto livein thecountryside isunder discussion.判断技巧、判断从句所在位置主语从句位于句首或者作形式主语的句末；表语从句位1it于系动词后面；同位语位于常见的名词后面（、等，起到解释说明作news idea用）、判断从句缺少的成分以及句子的意思缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语，考虑连2接代词；缺少状语，考虑连接副词；不缺少成分，考虑that/if/whether习题、1you comeor notwill notmake anydifference.A.Whether B.That C.If、2It issaid Mikewillcometomorrow.A.whether B.that C.why、3It issurprising myparents gaveme sucha goodgift.、A.that B.when C.if4will winfirst prizeis uncertain.A.That B.Who C.Where、5we willvisit Shanghaimakes mevery happy.A.That B.Whether C.When、6caused theaccident remainsunknown.A.Where B.When C.What、7this happenedis notclear toanyoneA.Who B.How C.What、8dinosaurs diedout remainsa puzzle.、A.Who B.What C.Why9The reasonwhy hefailed ishe wastoo careless.、A.that B.because C.when10I waslate forclass thismorning.That ismy bikebrokedown on the wayto school.A.that B.because C.why、11The troubleis I havelosthisaddress.A.that B.when C.who、12Thequestionis weget there,7:00or7:

30.A.whether B.when C.who、13It soundsyou arefrom thesouth of the US.A.asifB.when C.who14wantstobe amember ofthe teammust obeythe rules.A.Whenever B.Whoever C.What、15Grandma pointedtothehospital andsaid,That isIwasbom.”A.where B.when C.because、16The factshe workshard iswell knownto us.A.that B.how C.whether、17He kepthis promisehe wouldalways doanything tomake sureof herhappinessA.that B.when C.whether18I havesmall doubthe issuitable forthe job.A.that B.who C.whether、19Ihaveno idea he isdoing now.A.that B.what C.when补充合适的引导词

1.He excitedlypulled hardat it,and hesaw madehim shout,zzWow!Abig,shiny goldchain!”what

2.Experts saythat isneeded iscontinuous attentionand maintenance,what

3.Problem isis toblame,parents,students orother membersofsociety.who

4.The ideahumans owna deepbiological needto connectwith naturehasbeen calledBiophilia that

5.The mostpleasant thingoftherainy seasonis onecanbeentirely freefromdust.that

6.The managerput forwarda suggestionwe shouldhave anassistant.There istoo muchwork to do.that

7.we understandthings hasa lottodowith whatwe feel.How

8.Exactly thepotato wasintroduced intoEurope isuncertain,but itwasprobably around

1565.when

9.It isoften thecase anythingis possiblefor thosewho hangon tohope,that

10.The bestmoment forthe footballstar washe scoredthe winninggoal.when

11.It suddenlyoccurred tohim hehad lefthis keysin theoffice.that

12.We shouldconsider thestudents/request theschool libraryprovidemore bookson popularscience.that

13.Mike refusedan offerfrom YaleUniversity yesterday,but Ihavenoideahedid it;thats oneof hisfavorite universities.why

14.the delayedflight willtake offdepends muchontheweather.When

15.Thereisno denyingthe besttimes inlife arethose stolenmoments wespendwith others.that。