构词法-2023年高考英语冲刺复习

专题构词法01年高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全2023【考点详解】【命题解读】分析近三年年高考卷，仅在语法填空中涉及到构词法中的就有两到三个小题可知，近年高考越来越注重对构词法的考查通过引导学生掌握构词法，分析词的组成，有助于学生提高词汇的分析能力，扩大词汇量此外，利用构词法还有助于记住单词的形、义和词性，避免出现拼写的错误，提高综合能力【考点预测】预计年高考将侧重考查词性的转换，命题侧重对名词、形容词、副词的转换的考查2023【复习建议】掌握派生法、合成法、转化法L,侧重培养通过语境上下文的推理判断词性的能力

2.注重词汇积累3考点一（派生法）派生法就是由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词词根是派生词的基础，而词缀起到决定派生词的词汇意义和语法属性的作用（-）形容词的后缀和前缀名词形容词

1.+-cial--有益的官方的面部的种族的benefit-beneficial office-official face—facial race-racial金融的社会的finance—financial society—social【典例剖析】全国卷乙卷20221providefinance aidand otherbenefits fbrlocal peoples.【答案】financial【解析】设空处后面有名词充当的宾语，故修饰名词应当使用形容词作定语aid,provide.名词表示“有……属性或者与……有关”一形容词2+-al农业的国家的教育的agriculture-agricultural nature-national education-educational动词/名词形容词

3.+-able/-ible--可接受的accept—acceptable value-valuable love-lovable rely—reliable名词形容词

4.仔细的漂亮的有用的care—careful beauty—beautiful use-useful【典例剖析】（全国卷）（）（禧蕾）2022II Branchesof PlumBlossoms:The beauty long branches covered withpink-colored budsmake fantastic decorations.【答案】beautiful【解析】本题考查多个形容词修饰名词表示“漂亮的长长的枝条”多个形容词修饰名词时，一般描绘性的形容词放在表示大小、形状的形容词前面，容易被误用为副词.名词形容词5+-y/-ly-富裕的友好的致命的多雨的吵闹的wealth—wealthy friend—friendly dead—deadly rain--rainy noise—noisy幸运的上年纪的luck—lucky elder—elderly【典例剖析】全国甲卷】[2022Supposedly you can doit intwo hours,but westopped atthe differentgates andwatchtower tofakepictures orjust towatch the local peoplegoing abouttheirday routines.【答案】watchtowers；daily【解析】句意“人们本该两个小时就绕完城墙，但是我们停在不同的瞭望塔前拍照或者只是为了看看当地人们的生活”修饰名词应当使用形容词，表示“日常生活”routines动词形容词

6.+ive--积极的有创造力的act-active create—creative名词形容词

7.+-ous—焦急的各种各样的光荣的anxiety—anxious variety—various glory-glorious.名词（表示材料或质地）--形容词8+en金色的木制的gold—golden wood—wooden动词形容词

9.+ent--不同的依赖的diffee—different depend—dependent.名词形容词10+less--无家可归的无用的粗心的home—homeless use—useless care—careless.以结尾的形容词11-some令人厌烦的tiresome troublesomeawesome.以开头的形容词12a-活着的醒着的睡着的害怕的独自的live—alive wake—awake sleep—asleep afraidalone

（二）动词的前缀和后缀前缀形容词--动词1en-+使丰富变大；扩大rich-enrich large-enlarge.前缀名词--动词2en-使危险danger-endanger.形容词/名词+后缀动词3-en--缩短使尖锐力「深变暗short—shorten sharp-sharpen deep—deepen dark—darken力口强strength-strengthen.形容词动词4+-ify--使简化使美化使净化simple—simplify beauty—beautify clear—clarify.以结尾的动词5-ize意识到记忆；识记real—realize memory—memorize

（四）副词的后缀形容词+」-副词（以某种方式）

1.y-缓慢地极度地完全地slow—slowly extreme—extremely complete—completely.以辅音字母加结尾的单词，改为力2y yi,Fl-ly高兴地快乐地happy—happily merry—merrily,去加3e-ly真正地true-truly.以结尾的形容词去加4-le ely简单地温柔地糟糕地可能地simple—simply gentle—gently terrible—terribly possible—possibly

（五）表示否定或相反意义的意义，非

1.un-/dis-/in-/im-/ir-/il-/non-^5不能够露不礼貌的不诚实的able—unable cover—uncover®polite—impolite honest—dishonest不耐烦的不规则的非法的patient—impatient regular-irregular legal—illegal错误地

2.mis-误导误会；误解误解lead—mislead take—mistake understand—misunderstand表示否定或相反意义的后缀

3.-less无用的毫无希望的无家可归的use-useless hope—hopeless home—homeless考点二（合成法）合成法就是把两个或两个以上的独立的词结合在一起构成新词，这样的词一般称为合成词或复合词

（一）复合名词的主要构成方式.名词+名词1蚕教室佛晓手电筒项链理发silkworm classroomdaybreak flashlightnecklace haircut.合成形容词2好看的勤奋的冷血的新生的good-looking hard-working cold-blooded newborn苦乐参半的晕飞机的想家的随和的bittersweet airsickhomesick easygoing.合成动词3名词+动词播送看孩子broadcast babysit副词+动词克月及经历垮台；爆发overcome undergodownfall outbreak考点三转化法一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性，称之为转化法单词转化后的意义往往与转化前的意义有密切联系，但其拼写形式不变名词转化为动词脸一面对face face形容词转化为动词脏的一弄脏dirty dirty动词转化为名词设计一图案design design形容词转化为名词每日的一日报daily daily形容词转化为副词深的一深深地deep deep【牛刀小试】

1.Therefore,lets taketheresponsible tobuild upa low-carbon cityby ridingbicycles.Come onand joinus!

2.As faras Iam concerned,my suggestis thatwe shouldalways havea notebookand aChinese-English dictionarywithineasy reach.

3.My presenceis somethingthey candraw realstrongand hopefrom.

4.Life is amix ofgood timesand badtimes,and happymoments andunhappy moments.

5.After sometime,when bothof youhave renewedyourconfident ineach other,go backto thetime whenyounearly fellapart.

6.The ForbiddenCity attractsvisitors becauseof itslong historyandculture significance,but perhapsit shouldaddone morething toits listof attractions:earthquake shelter.

7.Many fadsareharm.Back inmy day,people cutthe sleevesand collarsof sweatshirts offand worethem insideout.No bigdeal.

8.While yourIQ tells you howintelligenceyou are,your EQtellsyouhow wellyou useyour intelligence.

9.The oldpeople therewere talkativeand theytold ustheirperson storiescheerfully.

10.My littleboy,do youfeel morecomfortnow thanbefore答案

1.responsibility

2.suggestion

3.strength

4.mixture

5.confidence

6.cultural

7.harmless

8.1ntelligent

9.personal

10.comfbrtable【真题实战】匕京高考

1.2020U Oliversays ifyoureluck enoughto havesomeone closeto youwho enjoyscooking,ask themif/whether youcan joinin whenits possible.•全国卷

2.2022Hcertain duringthe holidayperiod,this plantisamust.（•全国卷）（梅花）（）

3.2022II Branchesof PlumBlossoms Thebeautylongbranchescoveredwith（蒋蕾）pink—colored budsmakefantasticdecorations.

4.（2020・ill东高考）Historical（accurate）is importantbut sois entertainment.（•全国卷）

5.2022I Itis difficultto figureout aglobal populationof polarbears asmuch ofthe rangehas been（）poor studied.（•全国卷）（）

6.2021I Toavoid kneepain,youcanrun onsoft surfaces,do exercisesto strengthyour legmuscles（肌肉）.答案

1.lucky

2.Certainly

3.beautiful

4.accuracy

5.poorly

6.strengthen。