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一般现在时一.一般现在时.表示事物或人物的特征、状态如天空是蓝色的1The sky is blue..表示经常性或习惯性的动作如.我每天六2I getup atsix everyday点起床.表示客观现实如.地球绕着太阳转3The earthgoes aroundthe sun动词种类构成:动词主语其它如:
1.be+beam,is,are+.我是一个男孩I ama boy.行为动词:主语+行为动词+其它如2我们学习英语We studyEnglish.当主语为第三人称单数时,要在动词后加或如:he,she,it.玛丽喜欢汉语Mary likesChinese注意一般现在时经常和频率副词连用我的变化-否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句:动词的变化l.be否定句主语其它+be+not+如:他不是工人He isnot aworker.一般疑问句主语+其它Be+如-Are youa student-Yes.I am./No,Pm not.特殊疑问句疑问词+一般疑问句如Where ismy bike.行为动词的变化2否定句主语动词原形+其它如+donldoestt+I dontlike bread.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用构成否定句如doesnlHe doesntoften play.一般疑问句+主语+动词原形+其它如DoDoes-Do youoften playfootball」-Yes,I do./No dont.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用构成一般疑问句如does-Does shego towork bybike-Yes,she does./No,she doesnt.特殊疑问句疑问词—般疑问句如How doesyour fathergo towork补充动词第三人称单数形式构成规则动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同,请认真观察、大多数动词在词尾加在清辅音后发音为固,在浊辅音及元音后发音1“S”为如[z]o
①stop—stops[s]make—makes[s]
②read—reads[z]play—plays
[2]、以辅音字母加结尾的,要先将变为然后在加读[诩如,2“y”“y”“i”“es”fly—flies[z]carty—carries[z]study—studies[z]worry—worries、以结尾的,在词尾加发音为[诩如,3“s,x,ch,sh”“es”teach—teaches[iz]watch—watches[iz]、以结尾的动词,加读恸如:4“o”“es”,go—goes[z]do—does[z下面几个动词变为单数时,原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化,请注意记忆如1do[du:]—does[dz]、2say[sei]—says[sez]以不发音字母飞”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是回,团时,加“s”后字母飞”发音,与所加飞”一起读做如[iz]o close—closes[iz]动词包括第三人称单数用过去式为复数;;be am,is,are iswas are,过去式为were.遇到主语是第三人称单数时,要用动词的第三人称单数;have,has be一.概念表达现在正在做某事标志词现在,看听,now look,listen现在进行时目前此刻,立刻at presentat themoment rightnow二.基本结构.肯定句主语即其它.a+be amis are+v-ing+如I amreading abook.否定句直接在后加b.be not.如I amwriting.I amnot writing.一般疑问句及回答:问句,直接把提前,肯定回答:主语否定C.be Yes,+be-----------回答主语No,+bc+not Areyou drawingYes,I am./No,I mnot
三、规则动词变化规律working,buying,visiting,一般情况下,动词后直接加一ingtalking,saying以不发音结尾动词,去掉然后e3taking,having,using,driving,力口—ingwriting,practicing以辅音字母十元音字母+辅音字母结stopping,shopping,sitting,getting尾的重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音字母,然后加一ing runningswimming一般过去时一.概念表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态通常在句子里找到表示过去时间的词或词组yesterday yesterdaymorning,yesterday afternoon,yesterday evening,the day(前天))))before yesterdaylast nightlast weeklast month(刚才))(刚才))last year,a momentago justnow twodays等ago aweek agoin1990,如昨晚我睡觉I wentto bedat elevenlast night.1100二.动词过去式的构成规律规则动词的过去式
1.一般情况下,在动词原形后面加如;1-ed以不发音结尾的动词,在词尾直接加;;look—lookedplay—played e-d如;live—lived use1used.以“辅音字母结尾的动词,先将改为再加如2+y”yi,-ed;study—studied,tr y—tried fly—flied.以重读闭音节即辅音十元音+辅音或音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音3r字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加如-ed stop—stoppedplan^planned不规则动词的过去式
2.改变动词中的元音;1begin—began drink—drank come—came eat—ate grow—grew run—ran know—knew win—won speak—spoke take—took write—wrote get—got、变词尾的一为一d;2t build—built lend—lent send-sentspend—spent bend—bent与动词原形一样;cut—cut put—put cost—cost hurt—hurtshut—shut.变为(少数动词);3-ay-aid say—said pay—paid lay—laid采用不同词根;一其他sell—sold teach—taught buybou^it6如am/is—was areTwerehave/has—haddoTdid句式变化三.一般过去时的一般疑问句、把放在句首,其余位置不变1was,were由引导的一般疑问句,肯定答为否定回答为?・・Was…Yes,•••was.No,・.wasn t.由引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答为否定回答为Were-,•Yes,…were.No,…werent.如⑴I wasbom inShanghai.-^Were youbom inShan^iai—Yes,(肯定回答)(否定回答)Iwas.—No,I wasnt.They werein LiYan shome last night.—Were theyin LiYan s(肯定回答)home last night—Yes,they were.—No,they weren(否定回答)t.在行为动词的句子中,要用助动词词来引导,其余的语序不变要注did意的是,要把行为动词的过去式改为原形肯定回答为否定Yes,…did.回答No,…didn t.如John playedcomputer gameslast night.—Did Johnplay(肯定回答)computer gameslast night—Yes,he did.—No,he(否定回答)didn t.四.一般过去时的否定句、在表示过去存在的状态的句子中,相接在的后面加上1was,were noto如1He wasin thepark the day before yesterday.—He wasnotin theparkthedaybeforeyesterday.We werebusy last week.—We werenot busylastweek..在表示过去的时间发生的动作的句子中,要在行为动词的前面加助动词2然后把过去式的行为动词改为动词原形即动词原形didn t.didnt+如()1She playedthe violinlast night.—She didnt playtheviolin lastnight.They swamin thelake yesterday.—They didnt swimin the五.一般过去式的特殊疑问句lake yesterday.(主要是询问过去发生了什么事情,注意要把过去式改?
1.What did…为动词原形)We ateChinese foodlastnight.—What didwe eatlastnight(主要是询问过去事情发生的地方)
2.Where didThey sanganddance inthe musicroom yesterdaymorning.—Where didtheysing anddance yesterdaymorning动词过去式…(主要是询问过去事情发生的人物)Who+Mike andTomclimbed mountainslast weekend.—Who climbedmountains lastweekend一般将来时
一、一般将来时的定义一般将来时表示在将来时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态,与表示将来的时间连用tomorrow,next dayweek,)(后天)等如month,year---soon theday aftertomorrow,She willvisitShanghai tomorrow.
二、一般将来时的构成一般将来时有两种构成形式
1.主语+1shall/will+do主语+在表示“打算到某地去时”由于谓语动2begpingto+do词与重复,一般可以只说go goingbe going to aplaceo
三、一般将来时的用法主语可用于所有人称,只用于第一人称
1.1+shall/will+dowill shall和这种结构不是表示自己的打算、意图或计划,而是表示未来的事I we实或对将来的预测等如No onewill doheavy work.Roberts willdo everythingfor us.主语+这种结构常用来表达自己打算做某事、计2be going to+do划做某事或者有意做某事注意动词要与主语的人称和数一be致,如:I amgoing todo somereading tomorrow.He isgoing tohave apiano lessonnext week.We aregoing tohave aparty thisFriday.通常情况下和能互换,但是与用
2.will be going tobegoingto will法的也是有点区别的只用不用的情况:1will be going to
①表示对未来时间与年龄的推测时,如Tomorrow willbe Monday.She willbe thirteennext year.
②表示必然发生时,如Fish willdie withoutwater.People willdie ifall greenplants die.()只用而不用的情况2begoing to will如果表示已有迹象表明在不久的将来要发生的事情时,如Look atthose blackclouds,It sgoingtorain.某些动词如等)它们的现在
3.go/come/leave/start/begin/arrive进行时可以表示将来时,如They areleaving forShanghaitomorrow.My brotheris cominghere soon.
四、一般将来时的句式变换肯定句主语+shall/will+d主语+begoingto+do否定句主语(可缩写成)+shall/will+not+do willnotwon t主语+be+not+goingto+do一般疑问句主语shall/will++d主语+be+goingto+do特殊疑问句疑问词主语+shall/will++do疑问词主语+be++goingto+do。