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年高中英语语法精讲一主语从句详细讲解2023主语从句结构及用法在句子中担当主语的从句就叫做主语从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾通常结构为“引导词+主语+谓语+其他成分”一.概念在句子中担当主语的从句就叫做主语从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾主语从句使用陈述语序,其通常结构为“引导词+主语+谓语+其他成分”,但当连接代词同时充当从句主语时,其结构为“连接代词+谓语+其他成分”二.引导词
1.that引导eg.That youare comingto Londonis thebest newsI have heardthis longtime.
2.whether弓|导eg.Whether theywould cometo conferencewas aquestion.
3.连接代词弓I导who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever例That youare leavingis a pity.你要走,真遗憾B大部分主语从句都可以用it作形式主语,接下来我们就来详细地讲述这部分内容;为了保持句子平衡,主语从句常用it作形式主语,将主语从句后置.用it作形式主语的主语从句结构有如下几种:
1、It is+名词+that从句
2、It is+形容词+that从句
3、It+动词+that从句
4、It is+过去分词+that从句例如Its apity thatwe cantgo.很遗憾我们不能去It isprobable that he toldher everything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了It happenedthat Iwas out that day.碰巧我那天夕卜出了用形式主语it引导的主语从句相当多,有些已形成固定的语法和译法.常见的有It issaid that...据说It isreported that...据报导It iswell known that...众所周知It isannounced that...据宣布It isbelieved that...人们相信It isthought that...人11认为It isunderstood that...自不待言It mustbe pointedoutthat...必须指出It mustbe admittedthat...必须承认••••eg.Whoever istop fromwins the game whentwomatched playersmeet.
4.连接副词弓1导therefore,besides,otherwise,however,moreover,still,thus,meanwhileeg.How thishappended is not clearto anyone.
5.关系代词型what引导三.形式主语it
1.对关系代词型what引导的主语从句,可以使用形式主语eg.It isclear enoughwhat hemeant.
2.如果句子是疑问句,则必须用带形式主语it的结构.eg.Is ittrue thatall ofus needto toconference主语从句有哪几类如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句主语从句主要有以下三类
1.由what等代词引起的主语从句这类从句可由三类代词引起1)what(关系代词型的what)What youneed ismore practice.你需要的是更多的练习What Isaw mademe mad.我看到的情况使我非常生气2whatever WhateverIhaveis yours,too.我有的一切也都是你的Whatever hasbeen saidhere mustbe keptsecret.这里说的一切话都必须保密3whoever Whoevercomes will be welcome.准来都欢迎Whoever wantsit mayhave it.谁要都可以给他
2.由that引起的主语从句that有时可以省略这类主语从句大多数用先行词作it形式上的主语,而把真正的主语放到句子后部,以保持句子的平稳a,也有少数直接用这种从句作主语,不用itb a.It sapity that youcan tcome.真遗憾你不能来It seemedshe hadgot thejob.看来她已得到这份工作了b•That she is stillalive isa consolation.她还活着,这是使人宽慰的That Shelleybecame apoet mayhave beendueto hismother sinfluence.雪莱成为诗人可能是受他母亲的影响
3.由连接代副词及whether引起的主语从句这类从句可以直接放在句首a,也可以放到后部,前面用先行词it作形式上的主语b a•Who areto besent there willbedis cussedat thenextmeeting.究竟派谁去将在下次会上讨论I amgoing anyway•Whether ornot shewi11go isup toherto decide.不管怎样我是要出的,她去不去由她自己决定b.It wasa mysteryhow theburglar gotin.小偷怎么进去的是一个谜It wont maketoo muchinfluence whetherhe willj oinus.他是否参加不会有多大影响主语从句的翻译技巧主语从句是英语中的一种特殊句型,我们在翻译时要格外注意构成主语从句的方式有下列两种1关联词或从属连词位于句首的从句+主句谓语+其他成分它们一般是译在句首,作为主从复合句的主语这样的词有关联词what,which,how,why,where,who,whatever,whoever,whenever,wherever及从属连词that,whether,if.如例题1What hetold mewas onlyhalf-truth.分析其中关联词可译“…的”,放在后面参考译文他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西而已例题2Whether anorganism isa plantor ananimalsometimes taxesthe brainof abiologist.分析whether可以译成“是否,是…还是“,然后适当安排位置参考译文一种生物究竟是植物还是动物,有时使生物学家颇伤脑筋2it+谓语+that whether引导的从句如果先译主句,可以顺译为无人称句有时也可先译从句,再译主句如果先译从句,便可以在主句前加译这如例题3It canbe seenthat precleaningalone wouldnotreduce thetotal sulfurcontent ofthe fourcoals tolevelsanywhere nearthe standards.分析这样的句子可以译成无人称句,常用来表示事实,常理等参考译文可以看出,这四种煤的总含硫量仅靠预先洗选将不能降低到完全接近标准规定的水平例题4It isa matterof commonexperience thatbodiesare lighterin waterthan theyare inair.分析有时为了使译文成分完整,可以补充上泛指的主语(如人们…、大家…)类似的结构还有it is(universally)knownthat…大家都知道,•,it isbelieved that…人们都相信…参考译文物体在水中比在空气中轻,这是一种大家共有的经验名词性从句之主语从句名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句引导名词性从句的连词有a.连词that,whether,if(这三个词都不作从句的成分,同时,that无含义,而whether和if都表“是否”)b.疑问代词who,whom,whose,what,whichc.疑问副词when,where,why,how
(一)主语从句在复合句中充当主语的从句引导主语从句that引导主语从句时不同于其他的连词,既无词义也不作成分,只起单纯的连接作用,且通常不可以省为了强调that引导的主语从句而置之于句首时,that不可省That the driver could not controlhis carwasobvious.That she was chosenmade us very happy.That he will comeis certain.That he would take the riskis true.That he should havemarried herisntsurprising.★通常,that引导主语从句时用it做形式主语,把从句置于句尾,此时that有时可省例如It wasobvious that thedrivercouldnotcontrolhis car.It madeusveryhappy thatshewaschosen.It iscertain that he will come.It istrue thathe wouldtake therisk.It isnft surprisingthathe should havemarriedher.★如果以that从句为主语的句子是疑问句,就只能用先行词it结构例如:Is itcertain thathe will comeIs ittrue thathe wouldtaketherisk▲it做形式主语有以下几种不同的结构1it+be+形容词+that-从句It islikely thathewillcome.It isstrange thatshe hasever trustedhim.It isimportant thatheshould attendthe meeting.It isbest thathe shouldgo.此句型在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等感情色彩时,that从句中的谓语动词也常用should+v原形It isstrange thatno oneshould haveobjected totheplan.2it+be+名词+that-从句It iscommon knowledgethatthewhale isnot afish...Its apitythatheshouldhave massedthe train.3it+be+-ed分词+that从句It issaid thatheisa famouswriter.It isreported thattherewillbe astorm thisafternoon.▲在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的被动结构中,that从句中的谓语动词常用should dOo参见虚拟语气部分It issuggested thatthe meetingshould beheld thisafternoon.It isdemanded thatheshouldleave atonce.4it+seem/happen/appear等不及物动词+that从句look不接that从句,它接to be结构或形容词It seemsthatheis wrong.It appearsthat theyare inurgent needof help.He looksto besurprised/happy/sad.
2.whether引导主语从句,意为“是否”,只起连接作用,不充当任何成分置于句首时必须用whether引导,置于句尾时,间或可用ifWhether hewill winthegameisnot clear.Whether hewillcomeis uncertain.Whether shecomes ornot doesn1t concernme.It isnotclearwhether/if hewillcome.It wasuncertain whetherhewouldcome.复合句中的主语从句用法定义在复合句中用作主语的从句叫主语从句A为了强调主语从句的内容,可将从句置于句首。