文本内容:
批注[Ji]相对商品价格
2.1relative commodity prices批注[J2J:价格是市场上影响生产消费的决定性因素所P2Price isone ofcrucial factorsin themarket whichinfluence consumptionand以价格差异是国际交换的主要驱动力在一国内部,价格production.So pricedifference isthe principledriving forcefor internationalexchange.很明确,但是国际市场上货币种类多、产品数量多,确定价格差异是很难的一件事情In agiven nation,price isas plain as daylight,but inthe worldmarket,there areover100types ofcurrencies andthousands ofcommodities.How tofigure outthe pricedifferencesin different currenciesIt will be ahuge project/prodsekt/.P3So wewill simplifythe worldinto2nations and2commodities,and thenWeintroducea helpfultool ofrelative commoditvpricesto analyzethe international trade.批注[J3]:所以我们把世界简化为两个国家两种产品,然后引入相对商品价格分析国际贸易我们可以这么说相对We cansay thatthe differencein relative commodity pricesbetween thetwo nations商品的价格差异是国际贸易的基础provides thebasis formutually beneficialtrade.P4what isrestive commoditvprice批注[J4]:什么是相对商品价格(独立出现,放大)我们假设Pax代表A国X商品的绝对价格;Pay代表A国YWe suppose:Px representsthe absolute price of commodity Xin商品的绝对价格;两者的比值表示一单位的X如果与Y交nation A.换可以换的的Y的数量用Y代替货币表示X的价格Payrepresents theabsolutepriceofcommodityY innation A.Px/Py-the ratioof priceof Xto priceof Ymeans howmuch Y1unit of X canswap/swop/for ina worldof barter/ba:ta/.Y playsthe roleof money in our analysis.P5why weuse relativeprice insteadof absoluteprice批注[J5J:为什么使用相对价格而不是绝对价格?A国和B国有不同的货币,如果汇率波动,两国的贸易也Nation Aand nationB havedifferentcurrenciesand ifthe exchange rate betweenthe会受影响two nationsfluctuates/flAktfueit/,the tradewill beinfluenced correspondingly.(视频结束后)如中美贸易战,如表所示,两国都运用汇率应对贸易纠纷,波动明显2005年开始人民币升值以解插入相关中美汇率波动的英文新闻视频中美贸易战来的中美汇率波动P6form the决美国的贸易赤字;直到2017年,中国放慢升值步伐,被指责为汇率操纵figure,we cansee thatin orderto dealwith theongoing tradewar,Sino-US exchange一国会通过货币的升值贬值调控其进出口rate fluctuationis serious.From2005,Yuan hasbeen appreciatedto solvethe issueof如何消除货币汇率波动的幻觉呢?US tradedeficit.Until2017,China sloweddown thepace ofappreciation ofYuan and相对价格是一个有效的工具was blamedas exchangerate manipulator.A countrywill depreciateor appreciateits currencyto adjustits exportsand imports.批注[J6]:简化的世界How toeliminate theillusion ofexchangeratefluctuation tointernationaltrade我们的分析在•个简化的世界中进行假The relativecommoditypricewillbehelpful.设世界上只有两个国家两种产能怕假设世界上没有货币P7a simplified world所有国家都用Y代替货币表示XWe putouranalysisinasimplifiedworld.Suppose thatthere onlyexist2nations and2commodities inthe world.Suppose weare ina worldwithout money.Y replacesmoneyindifference currenciesto measurethe priceofX.P8how todetermine relativecommodity pricesWewill usethe pricedecision theorywe havelearned inMicroeconomics.In agiven批注[J7J:如何决定相对价格呢?nation,the price is determinedby supplyand demand.Similarly,relativecommodity我们将使用微观经济学中价格决定理论在一国内部,价格由供给和需求共同决定同理,相对价格也由一国对两priceisalso determinedby supplyof thegiven nationand demandof thenation.How to种产品的供给和需求决定illuminate/riju:mineit/the supplyand demandof twocommodities fora nation我们由此引入两个分析工具,生产可能性边界和社会无差异曲线We developPPF andcommunity indifferencecurves anddiscuss oneby one.。