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1.What isInternational Economic^批注[Jl]:
1..什么是国际经济学这一部分对这门课有一个大致的了解首先明晰几个概念,PlIn thispart,we willbuild upa roughidea aboutthe course;firstly,we will其实扼要介绍一个课程内容clarify thedefinitions andthen briefthe contents/kantent/of the course.P2what a nation is,what economics/worldwide applicationis and“howto studythe international economics”,these definitionsshould beclarifiedat thebeginning of the course.P3What is a modemnation-state批注[J2]:什么是国家什么是跨国家的经济行为The formationof modern nation-state isa gradualprocess,step bystep.如何学习国际经济学这些概念在上课之前我们必须明晰一下Generally speaking,the treatyof Westphalia/westfeilia/molded theshape批注[J3]:什么是国家?of modernnation-state.Now lookingback the European history,we find现代民族国家形成是一个渐进过程一般来说,威斯特伐利亚条约是现代国家的起源整个欧that tiesEuropean historytogether is the growthof themodernnation洲史就是现代国家成长的历史主权平等是国际法的基石state-making.国家利益是现代民族国家对外行为的内在决定性因Sovereign/sovrm/equality/Ikwohti;i:-/among statesisafundamental principleof internationallaw.AndSOVEREIGNTY/sovrinti/becomes oneof thebasic conceptsof a modernnation-state.P4With the globalization ofeconomy,international competitionsunder thenameof nationalinterests makethe conflictintense increasingly.Such as,批注[J4]:经济全球化,国际竞争以国家利益之名愈发激烈如2018年之初发生的美国与欧洲、日本,中国贸易争there isa furtherescalation oftrade disputes端,日益加剧between the United Statesand EUJapan and China startingat the(有视频最好)beginning of
2018.P5whv批注[J5]:你或许会问为什么?根据以上分析,没有超国家的中央政府,所以任何国家可According tothe aboveanalysis,there isno globalgovernment beyond以任意设置关税壁垒国家利益至上增加了经济上的交易成本nations.So,anationcan putall sortsof barriersbetween theirdomesticmarket andthe outsideworld.Political sovereignequality increaseseconomictransaction costs.批注[J6]:没有人管理世界国家利益成为一国对外行动P6Nobodv isin chargeof thewhole world.National interestistheinherent的决定性因索,而国家利益又是动态多变的deciding factorof foreignbehavior of amodernnation state,while nationalinterestsare dynamicand changeable.批注[J7]:以美国与古巴之间的关系从宿古美关系演变通过视频展示P7敌到合作,都是国家利益的需要http:〃www・xinhunuat・com〃enelish/video/2015-04/10/c
134140129.htmForm thenews above,we getthat therelation between the UnitedStatesand Cubais breakingice andstart cooperation.P8Economics:From intra-nation tointer-nation批注[J8]:一国到国家间经济学关键问题是国家间经济行为如何进行根据西方经济学,The bigquestion ishow theinternationaleconomicactivities run.资源在一国内部有效配置并完成财富积累与分配现在转向国际According toEconomics,resources will be allocatedin anoptimized way理论上讲,国家间经济是实现资源在世界范围内的有效配置with freeflow offactor and goods ina givennation andnational wealthaccumulationand distributionwill beorganized undera centralgovernment.Now shiftour eyesfrom intra-nation tointer-nation.Theoretically,resources willbe allottedefficiently andeffectively amongnations.批注[J9]:然而,如何在世界范围内有效配置资源,如资本、P9How toconfigure/kanfiga/resources,such asthe capital,labor forces,劳动、商品呢?如何判定是不是有效率的呢?如果确保世界市场的财富能够在国家间公平分配呢?andgoods,efficiently andeffectively worldwideHow tojudge ifit isefficientor notAnd howto ensurethe wealthaccumulated in the worldmarketwillbeshared fairlybetween tradingpartners[插入视频贸易争端与合作;关于全民公投英国月兑欧的新PIO BBC批注[J10]:很多矛盾都是由此而生如贸易争端增加,如中美贸易战,贸易失衡是诱因;同时,闻;]:Trade disputesare onthe rise,such asthe ongoingtrade warbetween贸易合作也很多,如“一带一路”侣议的实施而英国退出欧盟说明世界上出现了犯全球化趋势theU.S.andChina,the Sino-US tradeimbalance becomesthe triggerpoint;at thesame time,trade cooperationis onthe risetoo,such asthe——带——路implementing“one Roadand oneBelt,However,theBritish voteto leavetheEuropeanUnion meansthat anti-globalizationmovement isgoing oninthe world.批注U11]:由此可见,全球范围内的资源配置由市场驱动,Pll Sowe cansee thattheglobalresource allocationis drivenbv market包括国际贸易和投资,然而,受国家行为的影响,如关税与非关税壁垒induding international trade andinvestment,however,is influencedbv我们需要构建一个新的学科体系分析国际贸易和投资nations,such astariff andnorvtariff barriers.We needbiHit anew adiscipline systemto analyze international tradeandinvestment amongnations.批注[J12]:在考虑不同国家的前提下,我们将使用微观经P12We willuse researchMicroeconomic andMacroeconomic logics,济学和宏观经济学的思维、工具和分析方法分析国家间经济行为在其后章节学习中有所体现Microeconomics tools,Microeconomic andMacroeconomic analytical/aenahtikal/methods toanalyzeinter-national economicsbut considerdifferenttrade countries.We willdiscuss thisfurther infollowingchapters.批注[J13]:这门课的主:要内容P13-14What are the maincontents ofthecourse参照西方经济学,国际经济学也分为微观部分和宏观部分微观部分包括国际贸易理论和国际贸易政策With referenceto WesternEconomics,we willclassify international贸易理论分析贸易的基础与贸易利得贸易政策解释贸易限制的原因与效应economics intotwo mainparts,micro partand macropart.宏观部分包括国际收支和外汇市场以及开放条件下的经济政策国际收支涉及一国与其它国家间的收支,外汇市场Micro partdeals withinternational trade theory,internationaltrade则是一国去他国货币交易的制度体系policy.「Pl51nte nationaltradetheoryanalyzes thebasis andthe gainsfrom trade.P16International tradepolicy examinesthe reasonsfor andthe oftraderestrictions.P17Macro partdeals withthe balanceof paymentsand foreignexchangemarkets,and open-economy macroeconomicsThe balanceof paymentsmeasuresa nationstotal receiptsfrom andthe totalpayments tothe restoftheworld,while foreignexchange marketsaretheinstitutionalframework forthe exchangeof onenational currencyfor others._P18Finally,oper-ecoromy macroeconomicsdeals withthe relationship批注[J14]:最后的开放条件下的经济涉及一国内部与外betweentheinternal andthe externalsectors ofthe economyofanation,部的关系以及国家间的相互联系与相互依存and howthey areinterrelated orinterdependent withthe restoftheworldeconomy underdifferent internationalmonetary systems.批注[J15]:我们的讲述从微观到宏观一一展开P19form microto macro,we willunfold thecourse.。