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过去分词用法总结过去分词作表语作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态,强调主谓关系这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite,very,rather等修饰词系动词可有多种,表示不同的意义;被动语态表示动作,强调动宾关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by短语来表示
(1)过去分词做表语与被动语态的差异1The storeis nowclosed.(系表)The libraryis usuallyclosed at8:00p.m.(被动)2The novelis wellwritten.(系表)The novelis writtenby LuXun.(被动)⑵某些过去分词作表语,多半用来表示人物所处的心理状态或情感变化,其主语多半是人这类过去分词通常为下列过去分词delighted,devoted,discouraged,astonished,frightened,excited,inspired,encouraged,interested,contented,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,tired,worried,ect.这些分词几乎都可以看作形容词,其中很多可以被very修饰.A.On hearingthe goodnews everyonewas veryexcited.B.We arevery pleasedat thenews.需要注意的地方
1.多数情况下,如果主语是人,表语使用过去分词,;如果主语是事或物,表语使用现在分词但事实上,当表示主语处于某种状态中,即“感到/觉得、、、、”,表语要使用过去分词时,所以有时主语是物时也可;而要表示主语“具有令人/使别人感到的特征/性质”,表语使用现在分词,包括有时主语是人时也行He isterrifying他很吓人(指他的长相或举动令人害怕)He isteirified.他很害怕Please describea dogthat isfrightened.请描述一只惊恐的狗(狗受到了惊吓)Please describea dogthat isfrightening.请描述一只令人害怕的狗
2.get done也可构成被动语态,在意义上接近于be done.例如He righthand gotburnt inthat bigfire.他的右手在那场大火中被烧伤了She gotmurdered last year.去年她被人谋杀了get done表状态练习
1.What angame!Im reallyat it.A.excited,exciting B.exciting,excitedC.excited,exciting D.exciting,exciting
2.The groundis withthe leaves.A.covering,falling B.covered,fallingC.covered,fallen D.covering,fallenA.pleasing,smiled B.pleasing,smiling
3.We areall to see thatchild.C.pleased,smiling D.pleased,smiling
4.He gotabout losingthe money.A.worried B.worrying
5.There was an lookon hisface whenthe actressappeared.A.excited B.excite C.exciting D.Excitement
6.After theheavy rain,many carsgot in the mud.A.catch B.catching C.caught D.being caught
7.When Iwent in,they werein aheated discussion.A.absorb B.Absorbed C.absorbing D.being absorbed
8.What surprisedme mostwas that the leaderof thatcountry got.A.kill B.killing C.killed D.to bekilled过去分词作定语
1.过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况单个过去分词及物动词和不及物动词,作定语时大都放在被修饰的词语之前,过去分词短语作定语时一般放在被修饰的词语之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句如Polluted airand waterare harmfulto peopleshealth.The injuredworkers arenow beingtaken goodcare ofin thehospital.Is thisthe bookbought bythe teacherAllthe brokenwindows=A11the windowsthat werebroken havebeen repaired.In autumnthere aremany fallenleaves=many leavesthat havefallen onthe ground.注意
1.某些单个的过去分词作定语也必须作后置定语.例如There isno timeleft.
2.如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时,即使一个单一的分词作形容词用,也要放在被修饰词的后面Is thereanything unsolved还有没解决的问题吗?There isnoting changedhere sinceI leftthis town.仿照以上例句转换下列句子
1.The bookwhich waswritten in1957tells thelife of the farmers.
2.Most of the peoplewho wereinvited to the conferencewere myold friends.Exercises inclass:
1.Most of the peopleto theparty werefamous scientists.A.invited B.to invitedC.being invitedD.inviting
2.The computercenters,last year,is verypopular amongthe studentsin thisschool.A.to useB.used C.using D.uses
3.Jones andSmith came in,by theirwives.A.following B.to followC.and followedD.followed
4.1don*t knowthe girlin thesnow storm.A.to catchB.caught C.catchingD.to becatching
5.The girldown bya carwas dying.A.knock B.knocking C.knockedD.to knock
6.The foreignguests,by aninterpreter,A.following B.came outofthehall.to followC.followed D.to befollowed
7.The problemso quicklylast eveningwill notbe setagain anywhere.A.having beensettled B.Settle C.be settledD.settled
8.The childrenat thehospital yesterdaywere seriouslyill.A.to examineB.examined C.examine D.examining
9.The managerswill againdiscuss theplan lastweek.A.carried outB.carrying outC.carry outD.to carry out
10.There havebeen severalnew eventstotheprogram for the2008Beijing OlympicGames.[2006年匕京卷]A.add B.to addC.adding D.added过去分词作宾补He cant make himselfunderstood byus.I heardthe songsung inEnglishI wishmy homeworkto befinished beforefive oclock.过去分词作为宾语补足语
(一)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类:
1.表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see,watch,observe,look at,hear,listen to,feel,notice,think等.I heardthe songsung inEnglish.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌.He foundhis hometowngreatly changed.他发现他的家乡变化彳艮大.
2.表示致使意义的动词.如:have,make,get,keep,leave等.Hl havemy haircut tomorrow.明天我要理发.He gothis toothpulled outyesterday.他昨天把牙拔了.Don*t leavethose thingsundone.要把那些事情做完.
3.表示思维活动的动词如consider,know,think等后如I considerthe matter settled.我认为这件事解决了I thoughtmyself misunderstoodsomehow in the talk.
4.表示爱憎意愿的动词如want,wish,like,hate等后I wantedtwo ticketsreserved.我要预定两张机票He didn,t wishit mentioned.他不愿这事被提起【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系.特殊
5.with+宾语+过去分词”的结构(独立主格结构)1The murdererwas broughtin,with his hands tiedbehind hisback.凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后.2With waterheated,we cansee thesteam.水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.3With themattersettled,we allwent home.事情得到解决,我们都回家了.4_She stoodin frontof him,with hereyes fixedon hisface.她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他5He stoodfor aninstant withhishandstill raised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿.注意在这一结构中,当宾语为某一身体部位,且作宾补的动词是及物动词时,身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语,因而过去分词不可换用现在分词例如
(二)、作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系
1.及物动词(短语)的过去分词用作宾语补足语时,宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系I wantthe letterposted.我想把这封信寄出去He hadhis moneystoleno
2.少数不及物动词如go,change,fall等的过去分词作宾语补足语时,仅表示动作完成,不存在逻辑上的被动关系She foundher necklacegone onher wayhome.在回家的路上她发现项链不见了He hadhis legbroken.
3.动词seat,hide,dress等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般不表示被动的意义,相当于表语因此,虽然宾语与它们存在逻辑上的主动关系,但也只能用它们的过去分词作宾语补足语When Icamein,I founda strangegirl seatedinthecorner.练习
1.The managerdiscussed theplan thatthey wouldlike tosee thenext year.A.carryoutB.carrying outC.carried outD.to carryout
2.Mr.Brown wasvery disappointedtoseethe washingmachine shehad hadwent wrongagain.A.it B.it repairedC.repaired D.to berepaired
3.In thepast fewyears,wc have had thousandsof treesaround ourschool.A.plant B.planted C.planting D.being planted
4.She wasglad tosee herchild wellcare of.A.take B.to betaken C.taken D.To takeA.sat;to playchess B.sitting;to playchess
5.He foundthem ata table.C.seated;playing chessD.seat;play thechess
8.1can makeyou whatI say,but youcantmakeyourself inEnglish.A.understand;understand B.understand;understoodC.to understand;understand D.understand;to beunderstood
9.The girlasked himnot toleave thedoor.A.to closeB.closed C.to beclosed D.closing
10.1have oftenheard thenABCSong,but Ihave neverheard Aliceit.A.to besung;to singB.being sung;sangC.sung;sing D.sang;singing
11.1havehadmy bike,and Imgoing tohave somebodymy radiotomorrow.A.repair;to repairB.repairing;to berepairedC.repaired;repair D.to repair;repairing*过去分词作为状语
一、过去分词作状语所表示的意义
(1)过去分词作状语表示被动或完成的动作过去分词与句子主语之间通常存在被动关系the rightkind oftraining,these teenagesoccer playersmay oneday growinto theinternationalstars.(2009江西卷)A.Giving B.Having givenC.To giveD.Given
(2)有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态这样的过去分词及短语常见的有lost(迷路);seated(坐);hidden(躲);dressed in(穿着),stationed(驻扎);lost/absorbed in(沉溺于);born(出身于);tired of(厌烦).由某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词也具有此用法,如frightened,satisfied,tired,disappointed等Surprised atwhat hadhappened,Tom didntknow whatto do.汤姆对发生的一切非常惊讶,以至于不知如何是好Lost/Absorbed indeep thought,he didnthear thesound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音.【高考链接21and shortof breath,Andy andRuby werethe firstto reachthe topof MountTai.(2009浙江卷)A.To betried B.TiredC.Tiring D.Being tired[B]过去分词作状语应注意以下几点
一、过去分词与句子主语之间的关系(此时应注意人称一致)-
1.Grown inrich soil,these seedscan growfast.种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快hurry.(2009福建卷)A.Reminding B.RemindedD.Having remindedC.To remind
2.not tomiss theflight at15:20,the managerset outfortheairport ina
3.Given anotherhour,I canalso workout thisproblem.(given为过去分词作状语,它的逻辑主语为主句主语I,即I被再给一个小时.Seen fromthe topofthehill,the citylooks morebeautiful tous.(seen为过去分词作状语,表“被看”,它的逻辑主语必须是城市,而不是”我们,因为“我们”应主动看城市.
4.Caught ina heavyrain,he wasall wet.因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了重点:分词在句子中作状语,分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致使用何种分词,要取决于分词与句子主语之间的关系主谓关系用现在分词,动宾或被动关系用过去分词比较Seen fromthe sky,our cityis verybeautiful,(our city与see之间是被动关系)Seeing fromthesky,we findour cityis verybeautiful.(we与see之间是主谓关系)二过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语,后面有逗号与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开.He stoodthere silently,moved totears.=Moved totears,he stoodthere silently.他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶.三过去分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语,主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语,这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构属于独立主格结构如More timegiven tous,we shouldhave donethe jobmuch better.如果给我们更多的时间,我们会把工作做得更好A.finishing B.finishedC.had finishedD.were finishedThechildren wenthome fromthe grammarschool,their lessonsday.(2007重庆卷)Signal given,the busstarted.信号一发出,汽车就开动了.the signal是given的逻辑主语,因此主句主语the bus就不是given的逻辑主语.Head held high,she wentby.她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去.her head是held high的逻辑主语,因此主句主语she就不再是heldhigh的逻辑主语.四改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成”连词+过去分词“结构作状语.根据主句主语和从句主语一致且从句含有动词be时可省略从句主语和动词be的原则,可把状语从句变换为“连词+过去分词”结构常用的连词有if,unless,when,as,once,even if/even though,asif,though/although等When givena medicalexamination,you shouldkeep calm.当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.I wontattend hisbirthday partyunless invited=unless Iam invited.除非被邀请,否则我不去参加他的生日晚会Every eveningafter dinner,if notfrom work,I willspend sometimewalking mydog.2009湖南卷A.being tiredB.tiringC.tired D.to betired练习题
1.more attention,the treecould havegrown better.A.Given B.To giveC.Giving D.Having given.
2.The computercenter,lastyear,is verypopular amongthe studentsin thisschoolA.open B.opening C.having openedD.opened
3.The firsttextbooks forteaching Englishasaforeign languagecame outinthe16th century.A.having writtenB.to bewritten C.being writtenD.written
4.such heavypollution already,it maynow betoo lateto cleanup theriver.A.Having sufferedB.Suffering C.To sufferD.Suffered
5.The researcheris sodesigned thatonce nothingcan bedone tochange it.A.begins B.having begunC.beginning D.begun
6.in1636,Harvard isone ofthe mostfamous universitiesintheUnited States.A.Being foundedB.It wasfounded C.Founded D.Founding
7.When,the museumwill beopen tothe publicnext year.A.completed B.completingC.being completedD.to becompleted
8.Prices ofdaily goodsthrough acomputer canbe lowerthan storeprices.A.are boughtB.bought C.been boughtD.buying
9.Unless tospeak,you shouldremain silentattheconference.A.invited B.inviting C.being invitedD.having invited
10.Mr.Smith,ofthespeech,started toread anovel.A.tired;boring B.tiring;bored C.tired;bored D.tiring;boring
11.time,he11make afirst-class tennisplayer.A.Having givenB.To giveC.Giving D.Given。