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中英文外文翻译智能楼宇自动化系统楼宇自动化系统也叫建造设备自动化系统是智能建造不可缺少的一部分,其任务是对建造物内的能BuildingAutomationSystei®BAS,源使用、环境、交通及安全设施进行监测、控制等,以提供一个既安全可靠,又节约能源,而且舒适宜人的工作或者居住环境楼宇自动化系统的组成与基本功能2建固设备自动化系统通常包括暖通空调、给排水、供配电、照明、电梯、消防、安全防范等子系统根据我国行业标准,又可分为设备运行管理与监控子系统和消防与安BAS全防范子系统,如图所示普通情况下,这两个子系统宜一同纳入考虑,如将消防与BAS安全防范子系统独立设置,也应与监控中心建立通信联系以便灾情发生时,能够按照BAS约定实现操作权转移,进行一体化的协调控制建造设备自动化系统的基本功能可以归纳如下自动监视并控制各种机电设备的起、停,显示或者打印当前运转状态1⑵自动检测、显示、打印各种机电设备的运行参数及其变化趋势或者历史数据⑶根据外界条件、环境因素、负载变化情况自动调节各种设备,使之始终运行于最佳状态ofreal-tim detectionand control,centralizecdontrolof computerto overcomethe risksof highlackof centralizedcontrol andconventiona singleinstrument limitations.Installed inthe centralcontrolroom ofcentral managementcomputer withCRT display,print output,extensivesoftware managementand astrong digitalcommunications capabilitiesto completethecentralized operation,display,alarm taskssuch asprint andoptimal control,avoiding Changguiinstrumentcontrol isdistribute difficult!a^terthe man-machine contact,no unifiedmanagementshortcomings,ensure thatequipment runningin topform.Here aredistributed control systems withseveral concepts.
3.1dire digital control systemDDCdirect digitalcontrol systemDirect DigiControlreferredo asDDC showninFigure
2.Computer throughtheanalog input channels AIand digitalinputchannelsDIreal-time dacollection,and thencalculated accordingto certainrules,and finallycontrolsignals,and throughtheanalogoutputchannelsAO and the switchoutput channelDO directcontrol of the production process.S DDCsystem is a closedloop control system,acomputer inthe industriaproduction of the mostpopular wayof anapplicationDDC systemcontrolcomputer toundertaketasks,which requiredreal-time,high reliabilityandadaptability.
3.
1.1Composition ofdirect digitalcontrol systemDirectdigitalcontrolsystem consistsof the process inputchanneprocess controlcomputer,theprocess of output channels ofthree partProcessinputchannelsfromthe analoginputand digitai nputoftwo parts.Analog inputchannelsfrom the transmitteth,esamplingswitch,amplifier A,/D converterandinterfoceircuitO.ne istheroleofthe transmittersignal willbeconverted into the standardnon-power electrisigna,1Can betemperature,pressure,flowtransformed into0-1OmA or4-20mA DCsignal,it isthrough theA/D converterto achieve.-Digit inputchannels from the switchcontacts,photoelectricouplerand interfaccircuitr,eflectintgheproductionprocesson/offctateof thecontactsignatthrough theoptocouplerand the interfacecircuit transformationintoa digitalsignal sentto thecomputerDirect commitmenttotheprocess controlcomputer operations andcontroltasks,first of allinput channelsthrough theprocessofcolle theparameters of the objectand signals,then thescheduledcontrol1such asPID foroperation,and thensend controlsignalstothe controlledbject,then theoutputchanneldirectcontrolof the controlvalve actuatorProcessoutputchannelfromtheanalog outputand digitaloutput oftwo parts.Theformercontrolof thecomputer outputof digitalsignalsintoanalog voltageor currentsignals,through theamplifier todrive actuatorcontrol valvetoachieve control oftheproductionprocess.T partoftheinterfaccircuitD,/Aconverter,amplifierand actuatorcomponent.Which thecomputeroutputoftheswitch signalby amplifiertodrivesolenoidvalveand relayactuatorw,hich consistof electricalinterfaces,optical coupler,amplifier andactuate orcomponent
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3.2The architectureof distributed controlsystemdistributedcontsystemDistributeCdontrolSystems referredtoas DCS20centuryinthe mid70sandquickly developed,it willcomputer technology,control technology,graphicsandcommunication technologiesogetherin one,can spreadover thescene ofthe equipmentcontrol,but alsoconvenient centralizedmanagement,operation,andthepast,the controlsystem,bot toavoidLe singlecentralizecdomputercontrolof theinadequacyof而Overcome conventionalhuman-computer interactioifficulti chseshortcomings instrument.Distribute dontrolsystemof multiplemicro-computersystem toreplacethe centralizedcontrolofa singlecomputer,fromthearchitect ofthe riskofdispersioni,mproved reliabilitTyh,e.basicstructurffndfunction shownin Figure3,the figurescene controllers,data acquisitstation,engineer station,operator station,monitor andmanage computedata communicationthrough computer networksare organicallycombinedto formthe hierarchicaldistributed controlsystem
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2.1Adistributecdontrolsystem datacommunicationsnetworkDatacommunication networkisapillar ofthe distributedcontrolsystemThe structurof thedistributecdontrolsystem,which isa networkstructure,thecontrol station,data acquisitionstation,engineers,op stationsm,onitoringstationis thecomputer onthe networkcontaintheCPU andnetworkinterfacet,heyall havtheir ownspecialnetworkaddress nodes,can sendand receivedata through the network,the networkof eachnodein equalstatus,can shareresourcesand interdependenf,orm aunifiedcommandand hasthe functionofthedispersed risk,network architecturearea isof greatflexibility,scala cansatisf thedistributecdontrolsystemwiththeneed toupgrade,theexpansion isflexible andconvenient1control networkcharacteristics distributedcontrolsystem isdifferent fromthe generalcomputernetworcommunication network,andgeneralcommunication network,itisasfollows:1have specialrequirements,high reliabilifind safetyrequirementsfinformationtransmissiont.herefor ebsolutelaccurate,reliabl findoftenUSES redundanttechnology,backup anddiagnosisfunction.Such as:controlstationadopt doubleCPU boards,double I/plate,etc.2goodperformance.3strong adaptabilityto environment,network topologyconstruction equipmentautomation systems commonlyused havebus networkand ringnetwork,in twokinds ofstructureof twonodes canbe directlythroughthenetwork communication,each nodein equalstatus3network communicationprotocol componentarchitecture equipmentautomationsystem,theremust bea kindof everybodycan acceptand abideby theworkinglanguage torealize mutualdialogue,thi isthe datacommunication protocolstandards.Used forbuildingautomationcontrolnetwork BACnetagreementby thephysicallayer,data linklayerandnetwork layerandnetwork components,or theequivalentof opensystems interconnectionreference modelOSI firstsecond,third,seven layerprotocolAmong them:ARCnet fortoken busnetwork,data transferrate of
2.5-20bit/s,have agoodtime.MS/TP ismain/transmissiofnrom thedatalinklayertechnique,allows theuse ofEIA-485hardware.BACnet achievedifferent manufacturerof automaticontrolsystem ofcommunicationbetween technologyfroma5Conclusionsbuildingautomationcontroltechnologyin Chinaisstil inemerging technology,withtheemergence ofmore intelligentbuilding,there willbe moreadvancedtechnology toadd tothis area,the technologyis moremature andimprove监测并及时处理各种意外、突发事件4实现对大楼内各种机电设备的统一管理、协调控制5能源管理水、电、气等的计量收费、实现能源管理自动化6设备管理包括设备档案、设备运行报表和设备维修管理等楼宇自动化控制系73统的原理楼控系统采用的是基于现代控制理论的集散型计算机控制系统,也称分布式控制系统简称它的特征是Distributedcontrol syste sDCS集,中管理分散控制,,,即用分布在现场被控设备处的微型计算机控制装置完成DDC被控设备的实时检测和控制任务,克服了计算机集中控制带来的危险性高度集中的不wei足和常规仪表控制功能单一的局限性安装于中央控制室的史史管理计算机具有显示、打印输出、丰富的软件管理和很CRT强的数字通信功能,能完成集中操作、显示、报警、打印与优化控制等任务,避免了常规仪表控制分散后人机联系困难、无法统一管理的缺点,保证设备在最佳状态下运行以下介绍与分布控制系统相关的几个概念直接数字控制系统
3.1DDC直接数字控制系统简称如图所示计算机通过摹拟量Direct DigitalCon tr1DDC2输入通道和开关量输入通道采集实时数据,然后按照一定的规律进行计算,最后发AI DI出控制信号,并通过摹拟量输出通道和开关量输出通道直接控制生产过程因此A0DO系统是一个闭环控制系统,是计算机在工业生产过程中最普遍的一种应用方式DDC系统中的计算机直接承担控制任务,于是要求实时性好、可靠性高和适应性强DDC直接数字控制系统的组成
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1.1直接数字控制系统主要由过程输入通道、过程控制计算机、过程输出通道三部份组成过程输入通道由摹拟量输入和数字量输入两部份组成摹拟量输入通道由变送器、采样开关、放大器、转换器和接口电路组成其中变送器的作用是将非电量信号变换成标A/D准电信号,可将温度、压力、流量变换成或者的直流电信号,它是通过O-lOmA4-20mA转换器来实现的一数字量输入通道由开关触点、光电耦合器和接口电路组成,反映A/D生产过程的通/断状态的触点信号,经过光电耦合器和接口电路变换成数字信号送给计算机过程控制计算机直接承担运算和控制任务,首先通过过程输入通道采集被控对象的各种参数信号,再根据预定的控制规律(如)进行运算,然后向被控对象发出控制信号,PID再通过输出通道直接控制调节阀等执行机构过程输出通道由摹拟量输出和数字量输出两部份组成前者把计算机输出的数字控制信号转换成摹拟电压或者电流信号,再经过放大器去驱动调节阀等执行器实现对生产过程的控制这一部份由接口电路、转换器,放大器和执行器组成后者把计算机输出的开关D/A信号,经放大器去驱动电磁阀和继电器执行器,它由接口电器、光电耦合器、放大器和执行器组成直接数字控制系统的基本算法
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1.2按照偏差的比例、积分⑴和微分进行控制,是连续系统中技术成熟、应用最为P广泛的一种基本规律,将控制规律离散化并在计算机上实现,可以方便地利用已积累PID的成熟技术,而且可以在被控对象的数学模型或者参数不很清晰的情况下,经过在线整定达到满意的效果因此,将摹拟调节规律离散化的数字算法,已被工业过程计算机控制PID系统普遍采用,成为系统的基本算法DDC数字控制算法,摹拟量调节器的理想算式为式中一—偏差设定值与实际PID PIDe输出值之差制量比例放大系数一积分时间常数微分时间常数写成传u1T Kp——Ti Td—递函数形式为了能在计算机上实现,必须将连续形式的微分方程化为离散形式的差分方程设了为采样周期与系统时间常数相比,足够小,为采样序号……,可用矩形法计T kk=0,1,2,算而积以差分代替微分式中第次采样所得偏差值第也一次采样所得偏差ek—k ek-l—1值第时刻的控制量uk——k上式中的采样周期越小与系统时间常数比较而言,则被控过程与连续控制过程越T接近,又称为准“连续控制”分布式控制系统的体系结构
3.2分布式控制系统简你世纪于年代中期浮现并Distributed ControlSys tds DCS2070迅速发展起来,它将计算机技术、控制技术、图形显示技术和通信技术汇集于一体,可对分散在现场的设备进行控制,又可方便地集中管理、操作,与以往的控制系统相比,既避免了单台计算机集中控制的不足,又克服了常规仪表人机交互艰难的缺点分布式控制系统的多台微型计算机取代了集中控制系统的单台计算机,从体系结构上分散了危()险性,提高了可靠性其基本结构功能如图所示,图中现场控制站、数wei3据采集站、工程师站、操作员站、监控计算机和管理计算机通过数据通信网络被有机地结合起来,组成分级分布控制系统分布式控制系统的数据通信网络
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2.1数据通信网络是分布式控制系统的支柱整个分布式控制系统的结构,实质上是一个网络结构,现场控制站、数据采集站、工程师站、操作员站、监控计算机等都是这个网络上的节“点”,都含有和网络接口,它们都有自己特定的网络地址(节点号),可以通CPU过网络发送和接收数据,网络中的各节点处于平等地位,既能共享资源,又不相互依赖,形成既有统一指挥,又使危()险分散的功能结构,网络的架构区具有极大的伸缩性,wei可扩性很强,可以满足分布式控制系统扩充与升级的需要,十分灵便、方便()控制网络特点分布式控制系统的通信网络不同于通用计算机网络,与普通的通信1网络比较,它有如下特殊要求
①有高可靠性和安全性,要求传递的信息绝对准确、可靠,为此常采用冗余技术、后备措施和自诊断功能如控制站采用双板,双板等CPU I/O
②具有良好的实时性
③对环境适应性强网络拓扑结构建造设备自动化系统常用的有总线网和环网,在两种结构中任意两节2点通信可直接通过网络进行,各节点处于平等地位⑶网络通信协议组成建造设备自动化系统,必须有一种大家都能接受并且共同遵守的工作语言来实现相互之间的对话,这就是数据通信协议标准用于建造自动化控制网络的协议由物理层、数据链路层、网络层和应用层组成,或者相当于开放系统互联参考BACnet模型的第
一、
二、
三、七层协议其中为令牌总线网,数据传输速率为OSI ARCnet
2.5-20bit/有良好的实时性是一种主/从令牌传递数据链路层技术,允许使用硬件s,MS/TP EIA-485实现了不同生产厂家自控系统之间进行通信的技术,即从一个岛”到另一个岛BACnet©之间进行相互联的技术M结束语5楼宇自动化控制技术在我国还是一个新兴的技术领域,随着更多智能建造的浮现,将有更加先进的技术补充到这一领域中,使这一技术更加成熟、完善Intelligent BuildingTheory ofBuilding AutomationSystemAbstract:This paperdescribesthe buildingautomationsystemcomponents,functions,and principlesofsoftware andhardwaretechnology,history,and relatedproducts arebriefly introducedthe reaof thissystem hasacomprehensive understandingofrelevant professionaldesigners forthe programdesigned toprovide a theoreticframe ofreference.Keywords:buildingautomationsystem,the coreprinciplof thebasic functionsof hardwareandsoftware technologies1Introductio moBuilding AutomationSystem,also knownas buildingautomationsystemBuildingAutomationSystemeferredtoas BAS,is anintegral partof intelligentbuilding,its taskisthe buienergy use,environmental,traffic andsafety monitoring,control,etc.provideasafeand reliable,but alsosave energy,and comfortablework livingenvironment
2.buildin gutomationsystem componentsand basicfunctionsofbuildingautomationsystemsoften includeair conditioning,water suppland drainage,powersupply,lighting,elevators,fire safetyand preventand othersubsystems.According toourindustry standards,BAS canbe dividedinto equipment operation managementand monitoringsubsystemand firepreventionandsafetysubsystems,as shown.In general,these twosubsystemstogether intoBAS considershould,if thefire andsafet precautionsZijiT ongindependentsetting,controlcentershould beestablishedcommunication withthe BAScontact Yipiandisaster Fasheng,can achievetheagreed operatingQuan ZhuanYi AnZhao,Jin XingYi Tihuacoordination andcontro.Building automationsystems basicfunctions canbe summarizedas follows:1automaticmonitoringand controlofvariouselectricahd mechanicalequipment,thestop,displayor printthecurrentoperatingstate.2automaticdetectiond,isplay,printa varietyofelectricahd mechanicalequipmentoperatingparametersandchanges intrendsor historicadlata.3According toextemalconditions,environmentalfactors,the changeautomatically adjustthe loadof equipment,so thatalways runningin topcondition.4monitoring andtimely processingo allaccident emergencies5to achievea varietyof electricaland mechanicalequipment onbuildingaunifiedmanagement,coordinatio andcontrol.6Energy management:water,electricitga,s meteringand charging,etc.,to achieveenergymanagement automation.7EquipmentManagement:including devicefiles,equipmentoperationand equipmentmaintenance managementreports.3,the principleof buildingautomation controlsystemBuildingcontrolsystem usedisbased onmodem controltheory,distributecdomputercontrolsystem,alsoknown asdistributecdontrol systemDistributedcontrosVstems referredto asDCS.It ischargedwith distributionfequipment inthe fieldofficeofthemicro-computer controlDDC tocomplete devicechargedwiththe task。