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定语从句概述1在复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前引导定语从句的是关系代词和关系副词关系代词或关系副词既起连接作用,又充that,which,who,whose,whom when,where,whyo当从句中的一个成分关系词作用先行词例句that,who,主语、宾whom(只Do youknow theold manwho/that isstanding underthe tree你认识站在人作语、表语树下的那个老人吗?宾语)主语、宾She gota computerwhich/that herparents boughtfor her.她有——台电脑,that,which物语、表语这台电脑是她父母买给她的The boywhose father is a doctor studiesvery hard.这个男孩学习非常刻苦,whose定语人/物他爸爸是位医生The roomwhose windowis openis mine.开着窗户的那个房间是我的I stillremember the day whenyou leftfor Beijing.我仍然记得你前往北京的那when状语时间一天where状语地点This is the schoolwhere mymother works.这就是我妈妈工作的那所学校Could youexplain thereason whyyou werelate你能解释一下你迟到的原why状语原因因吗?关系代词的用法2一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;who在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语A doctoris aperson wholooks aftera patient.先行词主语谓语宾语句意:医生就是照顾病人的人.下列情况下,先行词指物时,只能用引导,不能用引导1that which1当先行词是all Jittle,much,none,everything.anything,nothing等代词时Is thereanything that you dontunderstand你有什么不懂的地方吗?Tom toldhis motherall thathad happened.汤姆把发生的一切都告诉了他的妈妈2当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时This isthe onlybook thatI canfind.这是我能找到的唯一的一本书3当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时,This isthe bestbook thatI haveever read.这是我读过的最好的书4当主句是以特殊疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时Which isthe hotelthatyoulike best哪个是你最喜欢的旅馆?.关系代词的省略2一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词之前时,不能省略Ill neverforget theday onwhich Ijoined theclub.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天注意:that,which,who在从句中作主语时•,不能省略Who isthe boythat istalking withour teacher正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁?关系副词的用法3This isthe factorywhere myfather works.先行词地点状语主语谓语句意:这就是我爸爸工作的那个工厂l.when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语I st川remember theyear whenyou graduatedfrom No.8Middle School.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年
2.why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词是表示原因的reason一词We dontknow thereason whyhe waslate forschool.我们不知道他为什么上学迟到
3.where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语That isthe schoolwhere Istudied threeyears ago.那就是我三年前就读的学校定语从句解题技巧4Running Manis avery relaxingTV programwhich ispopular amongthe youngpeople.主句Running Manis avery relaxingTV program从句which ispopular amongthe youngpeople先行词TV program关系代词which因此,如果确定是考查定语从句,我们就可以排除不是关系代词或关系副词的选项,如whato在此过程中要掌握“三看”原则
(1)一看指人还是物先行词指人that,who,whose,whom先行词指物that,which,whose
(2)二看句中作何用主语who(A),which(物),that(人/物)宾语who/whom(人),which(物),that(人/物)定语whose(人/物)状语where(地点),when(时间),why(原因)如My brotherlikes thestories werewritten byMark Twainbecause theyare oftenhumorous.先行词(thestories)指物,关系词在从句中作主语,可用关系代词which/thato如He isthe boyI talkedwith justnow.先行词(the boy)指人,关系词在从句中作宾语,可用关系代词whom/who/that/不填如What,sthename of the girlfatherisadoctor先行词(the girl)指人,关系词在从句中作定语,可用关系代词whose0如I stillremember theday ournew schoolwas built.从句中不缺成分,先行词(theday)指时间,关系词在从句中作状语,可用关系副词when
(3)看是否是特殊情况关系词只能用的几种情况that
①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时如Tom toldhis motherall thathad happened.汤姆把全部情况告诉了他的妈妈
②当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时如This isthe onlybook thatI canfind.这就是我能找到的唯-----------本书
③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时如The tallestplayer thatplays footballfor ourteam isfrom Shanghai.为我们足球队踢足球的那个最高的运动员来自上海
④当先行词既有人又有物时如Lets talkabout thepeople andthe thingsthat wecan remember.让我们谈论我们能够记起的人和事关系词只能用的几种情况which
①关系代词放在介词之后如This isthe factoryin whichwe onceworked.这就是我们曾经工作过的工厂
②非限制性定语从句中如This isa famousbook,which waswritten byLu Xun.这是鲁迅写的一本有名的书
③that,those作主语时如Those whichare onthe deskare Englishbooks.桌子上的那些是英语书用而不用的情况who that
①当先行词为people和those时,只能用who如Those whowant togo therecome hereplease.那些想去那儿的人请来这边
②当先行词为one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(指人)时,只能用who如Anyone whois againstus isour enemy.任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人
③先行词指人,而关系代词在从句中作主语时,一般多用who如The manwho camehere yesterdaysaid hewould comeagain ina fewdays.昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来练一练
1.—What shallwe donext—Take theadvice isgiven byDr.Bloch.A.who B.which C.whose【答案】B【解析】先行词advice,指物体,关系代词应用which.
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1.Mr.Smithis smokingis lookingfor helost yesterday.A.whom;which B.who;whatC.that;who D.which;where【答案】B【解析】先行词Mr.Smith指人,关系代词应用who;在寻找他昨天丢失的物体,从选项来看,关系代词应用what.
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1.Steve Jobsis oneofthepersons foundedApple ComputerCompany.His deathmarked theend ofanera(时代).A.who B.whom C.which D./【答案】A【解析】从句子结构来看先行词Steve Jobs,指人,且作主语关系代词应用who.
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1.—Do youknow the girl istalking tothe headmasterover there—Of course.She ismy sister.A.who B.whom C.which D.what【答案】A【解析】选A考查考查定语从句先行词是thegirl,指人,在定语从句中作主语,因此用关系代词who
5.Foshan isa cityhas avery longhistory.A whoseB.which C.who【答案】B【解析】先行词是Foshan,是地方引导词用which.。