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【高频考点解密】年高考英语二轮复习讲义+分层训练(全国通用)
2023.语法填空题型解答策略13核心要点回顾
一、试题特点语法填空题的命题方式是在一篇词左右的语言材料中留出个空白,部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形20010式,要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容(1个单词)或所提供的单词的正确形式语法填空题着重从句子和语篇两个层级,考查考生在阅读理解的基础上运用语法、语用与语篇知识,对语言的形式、意义与功能的综合运用能力,对考生理解语篇语用、分析句子结构、把握语篇话题以及熟练使用语法知识等方面的能力要求比较高语法填空题的测试点包括英语的词法、句子关系、以及在具体情景中如何确保语义连贯的篇章知识等在试题设置上,语法填空题在形式上主要分两类
(1)有提示词填空题通常考查动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、形容词与副词的等级变化、以及词类转换等;
(2)无提示词填空题通常考查冠词、代词、名词、介词与连词的正确选用等无论是哪一类的填空题,其核心目的在于考查考生如何通过语言的、语法的、语用的以及语篇的知识,去实现语篇意义的连贯性
二、解题策略解语法填空,要从词、句、篇三个层面去思考词汇层面
1.方法作主语或宾语的名词或形容词+名词前无形容词性物主代词、不定代词等限定词时,根据上下文填冠词1:方法2句子缺主语或宾语,空格后没有提示词,填词多为代词方法3空格前已有主语,括号内是动词提示,空格需填谓语动词方法4句中已有谓语动词且又无并列连词与括号内提示的动词并列,说明空格需填非谓语动词形式方法5当括号内所提示的词是形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时,很可能填比较级和最局级方法6当…(+限定词)+名词或...+代词/doing/从句在句中不作主语或宾语时,通常填介词句子层面
2.方法1连接两个功能对等的单词、短语或句子时,应填并列连词and,or,but,while,when等方法2若判断连词所引导的从句起名词的作用(作主语/宾语/表语/同位语),则为名词性从句,根据引导名词性从句的连接词在从句中的成分和意义确定连词方法3若判断连词所引导的从句起形容词的作用(作定语),则为定语从句,根据引导定语从句的先行词和关系词在从句中的成分确定关系代词或者关系副词关系代词在从句作主语和宾语,作状语用关系副词(可转换为介词+关系代词)方法4若判断连词所引导的从句起副词的作用(作状语),则为状语从句,再根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系或者从属连词在从句中的作用和意义,来确定合适的连词篇章意义层面
3.方法了解文章/对话大意,运用上下文语境线索、前后呼应、词语搭配等逻辑关系来解题,填入既符合上下文情景,又符合句义、词义的正确单词
三、策略举例.纯空格试题的解题技巧1首先,分析句子结构,确定填哪类词然后,再根据句子的意思,确定具体填什么词;或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词确定填哪类词有以下个技巧7技巧缺主语或宾语,一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)如1列V1]I cansend amessage toKenya wheneverI wantto,and38______gets therealmost ina second.技巧名词前面,若没有限定词,很可能是填限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词)2如[例()2]It issaid that a short-tempered manin theSong Dynasty960——1279was veryanxious tohelp33rice cropgrow upquickly.[例3]••,the headof thevillage wastying uphis horseto mycar topull it to35small townsome20kilometers awaywherethere wasa garage.技巧句子不缺主语、宾语、表语的情况下,名词或代词前面,一定是填介词3[彳列4]・・・who shouldhave thehonour ofreceiving me33a guestin theirhouse.技巧若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,可能是填连词4[例5]…two world-famous artists,Pablo Picasso34Candido Portinari,which areworth millionsof dollars.[例6]…all Isaw wasthis beautifulgirl,whose smilejust meltedme36almost instantlygave meacompletely newsense ofwhat lifeis allabout.技巧若两句子之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填并列连词或从属连词5列7]I wantedto seeas muchof thecity aspossible in the twodays32I wasto returnto Guangzhou.[例8]He wasvery tiredafter doingthis fora wholeday,37he feltvery happy-技巧若结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,很可能是6填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词等do,does,did[例9]What isacceptable inone country31be consideredextremely rudein another.[彳列10]He hadno timeor energyto playwith hischildren ortalk withhis wife,but hebring homea regularsalary.技巧由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词7⑴由…强调结构形式,判断填还是如:it is…that itthat[例味精!11],•,and40was onlyafter Iheard shebecame sickthat Ilearned shecouldn teat MSG由倒装句式判断,是填构成倒装的条件的等,还是2only,so,neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,not,until,had填等如do,does,did[彳列12]with hardwork canyou expectto getpay rise.由作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断,空格处是否填如3it it列13]•••as32took themjust threeminutes tosteal paintingsby twoworld-famous artists,••[彳列14]Dating sitesalso make36easy toavoid someonewhom youare notinterested in.句型如:4so/such…that…[例谋戈对付15]This madethe goatso jealous34it beganplotting againstU thedonkey.与其说不如说,比更句型如5more…than…[例16]Cynthias storyshows vividlythat peopleremember morehow mucha managercares40how muchhepays.给出了动词的试题的解题技巧34首先,判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词然后按以下两点进行思考技巧若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓8语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态语态,列17]His fearof failure36keep himfrom classroomgames thatother childrenplayed withjoyousabandon.解析因主语后没有别的谓语动词,需填的动词应为谓语动词;因主语与叩是主动关系,应His fearof failureke用主动语态;由从句谓语动词可知,要用一般过去时,故填played kept列18]That wasdefinitely notan attractiveidea soI politelydeclined herInvitation,40close mybook and walked away.解析虽然句中已有谓语动词但由可知,所填词与和是并列关系,所以也用declined,andwalkeddeclined walked一般过去式closedo/列19]In Logan,three people38taketo ahospital,while otherswere treatedatalocal clinic.解析因主语与是被动关系,即三个人被送进医院,故用被动语态;由可知,要用three peopletake weretreated一般过去时,故填were takeno技巧若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词若是非谓语动词就要确定用9一形式、一形式,还是用不定式形式,确定的方法主要有ing ed作主语或宾语,通常用一形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体的情况如1ing[彳列20]•••but itis notenough only35memorize rulesfrom agrammar book.解析因是形式主语,后面用不定式作真正的主语,故填ittomemorize[彳列21]speak outyour innerfeeling won t makeyou feelashamed,on thecontrary*解析句中已有谓语所以应为非谓语动词;谓语前面应为主语,作主语,表示一般情况,要用wontmake,speak动名词短语,故填Speaking⑵作目的状语或者在形容词后的作状语,一般用不定式如[彳列22]complete theproject asplanned,we11have to work twomore hoursa day.解析因句中已有谓语所以应为非谓语动词;因为了按计划完成这项工程”是“我will havetowork,complete们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的,作目的状语,用动词不定式,故填Tocomplete“列23]Some peoplesay thatoldest children,who aresmart andstrong-willed,are verylikely33succeed.解析因在形容词后作状语,要用动词不定式,故填likely tosucceed⑶作伴随状语,常用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词,是被动关系,用过去分词如[例24]He sawthe stone,37say tohimself:The nightwill bevery dark.”解析句中已有谓语所给动词与不是并列关系,应当是非谓语动词;又因与是主动关系,故填saw,saw Hesay saying作伴随状语[例25]The headmasterwent intothe lab,follow bythe foreignguests.解析句中已有谓语而又不是与之并列的,故为非谓语动词;又因与是被动关系,went,follow theheadmaster follow故用过去分词作伴随状语followed不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分,若判断需要用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系用一形式,是被动关系用4ing一形式如ed[例26]There willbe a meeting,40start laterthis yearto reviewthe film.解析因与是主动关系,用现在分词短语作定语,补充说明故填ameetingstart ameeting,starting/列27]Lessons39learn insports can help usin ourdealing withother people.解析因句中已有谓语所以应为非谓语动词;又因与是被动关系,要用过去分词短语canhelp,learn lessonlearn作定语,故填learnedo、词类转换题的解题技巧3根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式具体方法有技巧作表语、定语或补语,通常用形容词形式如10[例28]The youngsterimmediately fellsilenceas tearsflew downfrom hisbig blueeyes.解析因在系动词后作表语,用形容词,故填felt silent[例29]In adangerpart ofthe seaoff thecoast ofNew Zealand,they learntto…解析在冠词与名词之间,要用形容词,作定语,故填dangerous列H30]Teachers musttry theirbest tomake most of their studentsinterest inthe subject解析因所填词在句中作宾语的补足语,用形容词;表示“感兴趣”,填mostoftheirstudentsinterested技巧作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语,用名词形式如11:[彳列31]When Chinas ancientscientific andtechnological achieveare mentioned,the nationwill generallyrefer totheFour GreatInventions.解析在时间状语从句中,要求填的词作主语,Chinas ancientscientific andtechnological是主语的定语;作主语要用名词,又由可知,主语是复数,故填are achievements[彳列32]These peoplehave madegreat39contribute toChina withtheir work/解析在句中作及物动词的宾语,要用名词形式;表示“作贡献”,其前面没有不定冠词时,习惯上have made用复数,故填contributionso[彳列33]••,instructors expectstudents tobe familiarwith32inform inthe reading---解析因是介词,在介词后作宾语,要用名词,故填with information技巧在形容词性物主代词后,或者在“冠词+形容词”后,用名词形式如12列34]---the remainsdate fromthis periodbecause oftheir38similar tothose foundelsewhere.解析在形容词性物代词后应当用名词,故填their similaritieso列35]With thelarge numbersof students,theoperate ofthe systemdoes involvea certainamount ofactivity.解析:在冠词后,要用名词,故填operation技巧修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子,作状语,用副词形式如13[例36]As Ilooked32close atthis girl,I fountthat---解析修饰动词作状语,用副词,故填looked,closely,列37]There mustbe something40serious wrongwith oursociety.解析要求填的词修饰形容词作状语,用副词,故填wrong,seriously[例涌向38]Singles areflocking tothe Internet33main becausetheir busylifestyles leavethem littletime***解析修饰引导的原因状语从句,修饰整个句子,作状语,用副词,故填because mainly技巧括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换,词类不一定要变,主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词,需14根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系,在词根前加等,在词根后加一等如un—,im—less[例39]People certainlyhave avariety ofreasons forgoing backto schoolbut oneimportant thingto knowis,no knowledgeisuse.解析作表语要用形容词;又由句意可知,作者是表达“没有什么知识是无用的,故填useless口列40]Your mistakecaused a lot ofnecessarywork inthe office.解析在名词前作定语,仍用形容词形式;但根据句意可知,错误是引起不必要的麻烦事,故填技unnecessary巧括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词,而是考词类转换;若是形容词或副词,有可15能是考查其比较等级如[例41]…there wasalotof informationabout thecity swell-known tourist34attract-••解析尽管是动词,但这是考查词类转换的;在句中作介词的宾语,用名词,故填attract aboutattraction[彳列42]The otherfrog wenton jumpingas hardas hecould・・・He jumpedeven36hard andfinally madehimselfout.解析联系前句,又有更加的提示,可知这里用比较级,故填even harder列43]Storms whichproduced at least13tornadoes sweptalong NewMexico sborder withTexas onFriday,destroyinghomes andother buildingsand injuringatleast16people,several critically,authorities said.The33bad damagewas reportedinthetowns ofLogan andClovis,which areabout80miles apart,policesaid.解析结合前段内容,特别是的提示,可知要用的最高级表示“最严重的”the badworst,。