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句子成分••一高考真题例句专题01句子成分主语，谓语，宾语，定语，状语，补语，表语，同位语
一、主语主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体，是句子中的陈述对象（一般位于句子的开头，但有时侯在特定句式中可能省略或倒装充当名词（短语），代词，数词，动名词（短语），动词不定式（短语），主语从句等
1.A foreignlanguage isa weaponin thestruggle oflife.一门外语是生活奋斗中的一个武器
2.Who isspeaking,pleaseThis isLily speaking.请问，谁在讲话？我是丽丽
3.Three willbe enough.三个就够了
4.Living inthat islandcountry forthree monthswas anunforgettable experiencefor me.住在岛上三个月对我而言是一次难忘的经历
5.Whether we11go dependson theweather.我们是否会去取决于天气真题例句（全国乙卷）
1.2022In1916,two girlsof wealthyfamilies,best friendsfrom Auburn,N.Y.—Dorothy Woodruffand一（名词短Rosamond Underwoodtraveled toa settlementin theRocky Mountainstoteach in a one-room schoolhouse.语做主语）
2.（2020全国卷II满分作文）Taking partin afruit pickingactivity ona farmis meaningfuland rewarding.（动名词短语作主语）
3.（2022全国乙卷）By using the latesttechnologies,drones couldalso startproviding higher-value servicesforrailways,detecting faultsin the rail or switches,before theycan causeany safetyproblems.（名词短语做主语）
4.（2022全国乙卷满分作文）What benefitsmost totheir studyis readingEnglish books.（主语从句作主语）
5.（2022全国甲卷）Presenting thebest of the WestEnd alongwith thepick of the UKstouring shows,the NewTheatre（名词作主语）is Cardiffs oldest surviving traditional theatre.
6.（2022全国甲卷）This exhibitionof somesixty masterpiecescelebrating thelife andwork ofScotlands bestloved（名词短语做主语）painter,Sir HenryRaeburn,comes toLondon.
二、谓语谓语是对主语动作状态或特征的陈述或说明一般在主语之后充当；谓语经常用动词或动词词组来充当.简单谓语由一个实意动词或动词短语构成
1.复合谓语由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成2由系动词加表语构成真题例句
1.（2022全国甲卷）This exhibitionof somesixty masterpiecescelebrating thelife andwork ofScotlands bestloved（实义动词做谓语）painter,Sir HenryRaeburn,comes toLondon.
2.（2022全国乙卷）By usingthe latesttechnologies,drones couldalso startproviding higher-value servicesforrailways,detecting faultsin therail orswitches,before theycan causeany safetyproblems.（情态动词+实义动词做谓语）
3.（2022全国乙卷满分作文）It caneasily beseen thatthe percentageof studentswhose listeningto Englishsongs andwatchingEnglish moviesis respectively65%and50%.（情态动词+实义动词作谓语，并列句系动词做谓语）
4.（2022全国甲卷）In humans,babies canput around shapeinaround holefrom aroundone yearof age.（情态动词+实义动词作谓语）
5.（2022全国甲卷）The nextstep,according tothe researchers,is totry andwork outwhether thecockatoos relyentirely（线索）,（系动词作谓语）on visualclues oralso usea senseof touchin makingtheir shapeselections.
6.（2020全国卷H）Failure toprovide enoughchaperones（监护人）will resultin anextra charge of$50per absent（情态动词+实义动词作谓语）adult.
7.（2022全国乙卷）A speciallow entrancechargeoff2per personis available to allin full-time education,up toand（系动词作谓语）including thoseat firstdegree level,in organisedgroups withteachers.
三、宾语宾语是指一个动作（动词）的接受者宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类充当名词（短语），代词宾格，数词，动名词（短语），动词不定式（短语），宾语从句等真题例句
1.（2022全国乙卷）...，drones couldalso startproviding higher-value servicesfor railways,detecting faultsin therail（动名词短语做宾语）orswitches,before theycan causeany safetyproblems.
2.（2022全国乙卷）Scottish NationalPortrait（肖像画）Gallery presentsa seriesof lecturesfor thegeneral public.（名词短语做宾语）
3.（2020全国卷H）Many youngpeople dont evenrealize it s new.（宾语从句做宾语）
4.（2022新高考全国卷II）As GinniBazlinton reachedAntarctica,she foundherself greetedby agroup oflittle（企鹅）（代词做宾语）Gentoo penguinslonging tosay hello.
5.（2022全国甲卷）Then Iturned thepage andcontinued.（名词做宾语）
6.（2020全国乙卷）What makesthe applicationof dronesto raillines possible（名词短语做宾语）
四、表语表语跟在动词或系动词后面，用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态be充当名词，形容词，数词，分词，动词不定式（短语），方位副词，介词短语表语从句等系动词等be,become,get,grow,turn,seem,look,sound,taste,feel,smell真题例句
1.（2022全国乙卷）Helping thenext generationto havea healthyand activechildhood isof greatimportance.（介词短语作表语）
2.（2022新高考全国卷II）For them,itsjust normal.（形容词作表语）
3.（2020新课标山东卷）Needless tosay,they weredeeply moved.（分词作表语）
4.（2020全国卷II）That ispartly becausepeople aredriving more,but MarkRosekind,the chiefoftheNationalHighway TrafficSafety Administration,said distracted（分心）driving was aonly increasing,unfortunately.（表语从句作表语）
5.（2020全国乙卷）It isalso helpfulfor youto bea friendshipkeeper.（形容词作表语）
五、定语定语用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的充当形容词、数词、名词、形容词性物主代词、介词短语、非谓语动词或定语从句等充当位置前置和后置两种情况非谓语短语，定语从句，介词短语，形容词短语等作定语时，常置于被修饰词之后
1.（2022全国乙卷）Fruit juices,milk-based drinksand mostalcoholic drinksare freeofthe tax.（名词，非谓语分词作定语）
2.（2022新高考全国卷II）Road accidents,which hadfallen foryears,are nowrising sharply.（定语从句做后置定语）
3.（2020全国甲卷）Throughout hercareer（MR^lk）as aprofessional dancer,she touredin theUK.（介词短语作后置定语）
4.（2022全国乙卷）To performthese tasks,drones forrail dontneed tobe flyingoverhead.（代词，介词作后置定语）
5.（2022全国乙卷）With theirability tosee ahead,they couldsignal anyproblem,so thatfast-moving trainswould be（非谓语，代词，非谓语分词作定语）able toreact intime.
六、状语状语用来说明事情发生的地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式或伴随等,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分叫作状语充当副词、介词短语、动词不定式，、非谓语、状语从句等充当位置行踪飘忽不定，却对动词“情有独钟”修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子通常在句子后，强调时放在句首修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰词之前表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首地点状语一般放在时间状语之前一些表示频度的副词（如等）作状语通常位于动词、助动词、情态动often,almost be词之后、实义动词之前真题例句
1.（2022新高考全国卷II）Road accidents,which hadfallen foryears,are nowrising sharply.（副词做状语）
2.（2020全国甲卷）Throughout hercareer（职业）asaprofessional dancer,she touredin theUK（介词短语作状语）
3.（2022全国乙卷）To performthese tasks,drones forrail dontneed tobe flyingoverhead.（动词不定式短语作目的状语）
4.（2022全国乙卷）With theirability tosee ahead,they couldsignal anyproblem,so thatfast-moving trainswould be（介词短语，状语从句作状语）abletoreact intime.
5.（2020全国卷II）His fatherfrequently amusedthe boywith atablet computerwhich wasloaded withcolorful（副词，介词短语，时间状语从句做状语）pictures thatcome alivewhen youpoke them.
6.（2022全国甲卷）If youare lookingfor thebest comedieson tourand brilliantlive music,you shouldstart here.（条件状语从句做状语）
七、补语（宾语补足语）补语在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整还需要有一个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，简称宾补充当由名词，形容词，副词，不定式短语，分词，介词短语或从句充当位置位于宾语之后
1.（2022高考全国甲卷）Cao believesthis willmake thehiking tripeven moremeaningful.（形容词做宾补）
2.（2020浙江卷）We sincerelywish youa quickrecovery andan earlyreturn toChina.（名词短语作宾补）
3.（2019江苏卷）Lijiang willmake theChinese culturebetter knownto Britishstudents.（过去分词短语作宾补）
4.（2022高考全国乙卷）This exhibitionof somesixty masterpiecescelebrating thelife andwork ofScotlands best（名词作同位语）loved painter,Sir HenryRaeburn,comes toLondon.
5.（2019天津卷满分作文）Im LiJin,a studentat ChenguangHigh School.（名词作同位语）句子的基本类型（按结构）简单句只有一个主谓或并列主谓结构的句子称之为简单句
1.（2022全国甲卷）Presenting thebest ofthe WestEnd alongwith thepick ofthe UKstouring shows,the NewTheatreis CardifFsoldestsurvivingtraditionaltheatre.
2.（2022全国甲卷）This exhibitionof somesixty masterpiecescelebrating thelife andwork ofScotlands bestlovedpainter,Sir HenryRaeburn,comes toLondon.简单句的基本句型（-）主语+谓语
1.A11of uslaughed.
2.The telephonerang.
3.We allbreathe,drink andeat.
（二）主语+谓语+宾语
1.1missed mygrandma.
2.He iswatching TV.
3.You cansingthesong.
（三）主语+系动词+表语
1.1am ateacher.
2.The plansounds perfect.
3.This materialfeels soft.
（四）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语l.She madeherself anew dress.
2.My motherbought mea dictionary.
3.Please showme yourticket.
4.The oldman alwaystells the children storiesabout theheroes inthe LongMarch.
（五）主语+谓语+宾语补足语
1.We haveproved himwrong.
2.What makeyou thinkso
3.He foundthechildfast asleep.
4.You shouldkeep theroom cleanand tidy.
5.He likesto watchthe boysplaying basketball.二并列句用并列连词等连词连接两个或两个以上的主谓结构and,but,or,so
1.（2022全国乙卷）Can asmall groupof drones（无人机）guarantee thesafety andreliability ofrailways and,at thesametime,help railwayoperators savebillions ofeuros eachyear
2.We musthurry,or wellmiss thetrain.三复合句一个主句，一个或一个以上的连接处引导的从句一起称之为主从复合句
1.（2022全国乙卷）It iscalculated thatEuropean railwaysalone spendapproximately20billion eurosa yearonmaintenance,including sendingmaintenance staff,often atnight,to inspectand repairtherailinfrastructure.
2.（2022全国乙卷）First announcedin April,2016,thetaxwhich appliesto softdrinks containingmore（月巴胖）.than5g ofsugar per100ml,was introducedto helpreduce childhoodobesity（全国甲卷）
3.2022If youare lookingfor thebest comedieson tourand brilliantlive music,you shouldstart here.。
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