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一、虚词虚义指用作没有具体语义的主语,如表示时间、天气、距离、温度、环境等概念it it的用法It iscooler inTianjin thanin Beijing.It isonly abouthalf an hours ridefrom hereto myhome.Its threeoclock now.It looksas ifthe collegeis verysmall.It is very guietat themoment.
二、指代的基本用法是用来指代上文所提到的事物,同时也可以用以代替指示代词it this,that.1,My dictionaryis missing,I cantfind itanyway.
2.Tom hasfailed in the exam,have youheard aboutit
3.-Whafs this--ifs acomputer.4-Whose bicycleis that-its hers.用于指代用法时的区别it,one,代替上文提及的原物复数用;指代上文提及的、泛指的可数名词单数复数it theyone onesDo you wantthe watchYes,I wantit.Do youwant awatchYes,I wantone.What is a pandalikeI5ve never seen one,so Idont5know whatit islike.指代不明身份或性别的人也用有时可以用来指婴儿,有时还可以指引起某种情况的事物it,
1.A:-Who ismaking sucha noiseB:-It mustbe thechildren.
1.1ts thewind shakingthe window.
3.Look thatlovely babyin thecradle!Oh,dear.It iscrying.
4.A Who*s itknocking at the doorB:Ifs me.
三、形式it:形式主语不定式、动名词以及主语从句作主语时,为避免“头重脚轻”,要将真正的主语后
1.置It seemedimpossible forhim toget backhome.It wasworthwhile searchingfor hisroots.”、It wasobvious thathis ancestortaught hisyounger gennraon littleof hisown language.
1.It isclearobvious,true,possible,certain...that...该句型中是形式主语,真正的主语是引导的主语从句,常译为“清楚显然,真的,it that肯定.…”是主语从句最常见的一种结构・・It is very clearthat hesround andtall likea tree.=That hesround andtall likea treeisveryclear.
2.It isimportantnecessary,right,strange,natural...that...该句型和上一个同属一个句型由于主句中的形容词不同,后的从句中要用虚拟语气that动词原形,可以省去建议记住该句型中的形容词should+shouldIt isimportant thatwe shouldlearn Englishwell.It isnecessary that he shouldremember thesewords.
3.It issaid reported,learned...that...该句型中的仍是形式主语,真正主语是引导的主语从句该结构常译为“据说据it that报道,据悉……”It issaid that he hascome to Beijing.It isreported thatanother man-made satellitehas beenput intoorbit
4.It issuggestedordered,required...that...该句型和上一个同属一个句型主句中的过去分词是表示请求,建议,命令等词时、that后的从句要用虚拟语气动词原形,可以省常译为“据建议;有命令……%should+shouldIt issuggested that the meetingshouldbe putoff.It wasordered thatweshouldarrive therein twohours.
5.It isa pitya shame...that...该高型中,后的从句一般用虚拟语气动词原形,可省去.表示出乎意that should+should料,常译为“竟然”没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气It isa pitythat sucha thingshouldhappen inyour class.这种事竟然发生在你们班上,真是遗憾!.他生病了,真遗憾!It isa pitythat he is ill
6.It istimeabout time,high timethat...该句型中后的从句应该用虚拟语气,值得注意的是
①常用过去时态表示虚拟.
②有that时也用动词原形,不能省常译为“是正是.的时侯.…工should+should・・・・・・・It istime thatchildren shouldgo to bed.=It istime thatchildren wentto bed.
7.It isthe firstsecond...time that...该句型要和上一个句型区别开来该句型中的从句不用虚拟语气,而用完成时态至that于用什么完成时态,由主句的谓语动词的时态决定如果是一般现在时,后面从句用现在完成时态;如果是一般过去时,后面从句则用过去完成时态该结构中可以省去;有时用that itthis替换,常译为“是第一二……次……%It isthe firsttime Ihave beenhere.=This isthe firsttime Ihave beenhere.
8.It is...since...该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时,又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题主句中是时间作表语,其时态是现在时或完成时,引导的从句通常是一般过去时态,而且since是瞬间动词如果主句是一般过去时,从句则用过去完成时It ishas been5years sincehis fatherdied.…该句型中的引导的是一个时间状语从句,主句中的指时间,表语由具体
9.It is…when whenit的时间充当常译为“当……的时候,是……”It was5oclock whenhe camehere.…该句型主句中的指时间,主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态.
10.It be…before it主句中的表语多是等表示时间段的词或短语常译为.long,not long,3days,2weeks・・・・・之后.\・・・・・It was3days beforehe wenttoBeijing.It willbe notlong beforehe finisheshis job.该句型中是形式主语,引导的是主
11.It happensseems,looks,appearsthat...it that语从句,主句市的等词是不及物动词.happen,seem碰工方It happenedso happenedthat hemet histeacher inthe street.川看来It seemsthat hew beback ina fewdays.
12.It takessb....to dosth.该句型中的不定式是真正的主语,是形式主语,句型中的直接宾语是时间常译为“做.it・・・・・要花费某人\・・・・・・It tookthousands ofpeople manyyears tobuild theGreat Wall.
13.It is no goodusedoing sth.该句型中的宣正主语是动名词短语,主句中的表语可以是no good,not anygood,no use,not anyuseIt isno goodlearning Englishwithout speakingEnglish.
14.It doesnlmatter whetherif...该句型中引导的从句是真正主语,该句型常译为“不论是否……没关系whether ifItdoesnt matterif theyare old.
15.It is kindof sb.to dosth.该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语,如果不定式的逻辑主语是由引起,主句中的形容词of必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词常见的有bad,brave,careless,clever,cruel,foolish,good好心的,有教养的,honest,horrible,kind,lazy,modest,naughty,nice polite,rude,silly,错误的等这个句型可以改写为stupid,wise,wrong sb.iskind to dosth.It iskind ofyou tosay so.=You arekindtosay so.
16.It isnecessary forsb.to dosth.该句型与上一个同属一个句型如果不定式的逻辑主语是由引起,主句中的形容词通常for是表示重要性,紧迫性,频繁程度,难易,安全等情况的形容词常见的形容词有1important,necessary,natural2easy,safe,common,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,rare,impossible,pleasant等在
①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写,如It isimportant forher tocome tothe party.=It isimportant thatshe shouldcome tothe party该句型中无意义引导一个状语从句常译为,“看起来好
17.It looksseemsas if...it as if象..”如果与事实不相符合,则用虚拟语气.・・・・真的病了It looksas ifhe isill.没有生病It looksas ifhe wereill.It seemedas ifhe weredying.形式宾语
2.
18.We thinkit importantto learna foreignlanguage.该句型中的作形式宾语为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为it结构6123指主句中常用的动词;6think,believe,make,find,consider,feel指的是形式宾语;1it指的是宾补的两种形式形容词或名词;2指的是真正宾语的三种形式不定式短语,动名词短语或引导的宾语从句3thatAirplanes havemade iteasy andcomfortable forus totravel.I tookit for granted that you wouldstay withus.We foundit uselesslearning atheory withoutpractice.不定式、动名词以及主语从句作宾语时,为避免“头重脚轻、要将真正的宾语后置
四、强调it:被强调部分
19.It is++that...该句型是强调句型将被强调的部分放在前面,其它部分置于之后被强调部分可以that是主语,宾语,表语或状语强调的主语如果是人,可以由换用如果把这种句型结that who构划掉后,应该是一个完整无缺的句子这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法It was about600years agothat the first clockwith aface andanhourhand wasmade.()It wasthey thatwho cleanedthe classroomyesterday.It wasinthe street that I mether father.被强调部分
20.It is not until++that...该句型也是强调句型主要用于强凋时间状语,译成汉语“直到……才……”,可以说是not...的强调形式until...It wasnot until she took off her dark glassesthat Irealized she was a famous film star.=Not untilshe tookoff herdark glassesdid Irealize she wasafamous filmstar.=I didn*t realizeshe wasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.注意)一般强调时间不能用强调地点不用1when,where;)强调句子谓语不能使用此句型,应使用助动词的适当形式2)在强调引导的状语时,如果在句中有要提前3until not,not与连用until
1.1did meetan oldfriend inthe streetlast week.
2.What Idid lastweek wasto meetan oldfriend inthestreet.
3.The teacherdidn5t beginhis classuntil everybody took their places.的用法及专练It wasnot untileverybodytooktheirplacesthat theteacler beganhis class,it50题从、、、四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项A BC D
4.The boybecame fatterand fattereach dayand madehis parentssad.A.which B.what C.he D.it
5.Someone isringing thedoorbell.Go andsee.A.who ishe B.who heis C.who isit D.who itis
6.In fact,isahard jobfor thepolice tokeep orderin animportant footballmatch.A.this B.that C.there D.it
7.TomJs motherkept tellinghim thathe shouldwork harder,but didn,t help.A.he B.which C.she D.it
8.Does matterwhether hecan finishthe jobon timeA.this B.that C.he D.it
9.used to be thoughtthattheearth wassquare.A.He B.What C.It D.That
10.I tookforgrantedthathewould believein us.A.that B.the thingC.it D.this
11.He livedin poverty,and hecouldnt help.A.so B.such C.it D.that
12.We hadto bepatient becauseit sometime wegot thefull results.;;A.has beensince B.had beenuntil;;C.was after D.would bebefore
10.four yearssince Ijoined thearmy.A.There was B.There isC.It wasD.It is
11.------Have youeverseena whalealiveYes,Ive seen.A.that B.it C.such D.one
12.being March12th,they plantedtrees onthe hill.A.That B.It isC.It D.This
13.------Was thatthe newcomer whowalked by-----------.A.It mustbe that B.It musthave beenC.He mustbe D.This musthave been
14.Our classroomisveryclean.Doyouknow whocleaned itA.was itthat B.it wasthat C.was itwho D.hewas
15.Ifs thethird timearrived latethis month.A.thatyouB.when you C.that youveD.when youve
16.He said,u a long way to school.alongwaytogo yetbefore wearrived.,J;;A.It isThere isB.There isIt is;;C.It isIt isD.There isThere is
17.for thefree tickets,I wouldnot havegone tothe filmsso often.A.If itisnotB.Where itnot C.Had itnot beenD.If theywere not
18.She findsboring athome.;;;;A.it stayingB.that beingstayed C.this tostay D.it stayed
19.—Few childrenare asbright asheis,and also,he worksvery hard.一Ifs nothathealways getsthefirstplace inany examination.A.question B.doubt C.problem D.wonder
20.Now then,children.Ifs hightime youand dressed.A.washed B.should washC.were washedD.are washed
21.------Why didhe letyou repeathis instructiontime andtime again------thatIremember whatwas afterhe wentout.;;A.To seeto itto bedone B.Making sure to bedone;;C.To makesureto do D.Seeing todone
22.the peoplehave becomethe masterof theirown countryscience canreallyserve thepeople.;;A.It isonly thenthat B.It wasthat when;;C.It isonly whenthat D.It waswhen then
23.isnodifference betweenA andB.A.There B.Where C.It D.What
24.How longto finishyour compositionA.will ittake youB.will takeyouC.you willtake itD.you willtake
25._is justlike himto wanttodosomething differentfrom everybodyelse.A.It B.There C.He D.Who
26.That youngSwedish_quite still,except thathis lipsmoved slightly.A.kept B.grew C.got D.stood
27.In lateautumn leavesbrown.A.get B.turn C.stand D.come
28.Little Jimsspeech sounds.A.friendly B.wonderfully C.pleasantly D.nicely
29.The poorboy blindattheage ofthree.A.turned B.went C.became D.looked
30.As achild,Franc.A.was aliveB.grew patienceC.ran wildD.came true
31.In spring,all theflowers inthe gardensweet.A.become B.taste C.smell D.sound
32.She likeher motherin character.A.feels B.seems C.looks D.is
33.It anotherfine daytomorrow.A.seems B.appears C.promises D.looks
34.His fatherthat olderthan hereally is.A.grows B.appears C.turns D.becomes
35.His girlfrienda singer.A.has turnedB.grew C.has becomeD.turned
36.Obviously,the oldsoldiers knowledgeof Englishvery weak.A.seems B.rised C.remained D.looked
37.His motherteacher.A.became B.has turnedC.came D.proved
38.It soundsthe singingof rails.A.as B.in C.like D.as if
39.Her temperatureto beall right.A.seems B.sounds C.appears D.looks
40.His wishto becomea driverhas true.A.realized B.come C.grown D.turned
41.His planto bea perfectone.A.proved B.was provedC.is provingD.proving
42.When hermother camehome yesterday,it wasdark.A.running B.coming C.getting D.going
43.These applestaste.A.tobegood B.good C.tobewell D.well
44.-------How aboutthe clothyou boughtyesterdayThafs verybeautiful.It sosoft.A.felt B.feels C.is feelingD.fall
45.When hisbrother telephonedhim lastnight,he asleep.A.kept B.got C.fall D.fell
46.He lookshe hadnthad agood mealfor amonth.A.thatB.asifC.when D.so far
47.It thathewaslate forthe train.A.loos B.turns C.gets D.seems
48.What doesyour brotherlookA.asB.on C.afterD.like
49.She redwith angeras soonas sheheard thenews.A.went B.stayed C.became D.remained
50.What alovely day!I hopeit fine.A.stayed B.will stayC.will getD.turn。