常考词类与句型讲义高三英语一轮复习

届高中英语语法精讲常考词类与句型2024名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、冠词、介词、连词和感叹词

1.名词.n.名词用来表示人、事物或抽象概念，如男孩，早晨，boy morningduty责任，在句子中主要作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、同位语、定语等桌子上的西红柿很新鲜The tomatoeson thetable arevery fresh.（作主语）他是个医生（作表语）He isa doctor.我们要给这个婴儿取名玛丽（作宾语补Well callthe babyMary.足语）

2.代词.pro.代词用来代替名词或数词，如我们，他们的，那个，we theirthat几个；在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等several我认识I knowher sister.She isalways readyto helpothers.她妹妹，她乐于助人和作主语;作定语;作宾语）（I sheher others英语老师今天不舒服The Englishteacher isnot himselftoday.（作表语）

3.数词.num.数词表示数目和顺序，即基数词和序数词如一个，千，one thousand第十二；在句子主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语等twelfth我们中有三个人是北京来的（作主Three ofus arefrom Beijing.语）你是第二个来看我的人（作You arethe secondone toe to see me.定语）We dontneed somany people.We needonly five.我们不需要这么多人，我们只需要五个（作宾语）

4.形容词.adj.形容词表示人或事物的特征，如、在句中主要作表语、big white定语、补足语等看，你的自行车比我的大（作Look!Your bikeis biggerthan mine.表语）他发现门是开着的（作宾语补足语）He foundthe dooropen.

5.副词.adv.副词表示时间、地点、程度、动作特征等，如现在，经常，now often安静地;在句中主要作状语，修饰形容词、副词、动词、句子quietly等她歌唱得非常好（修饰副词）She cansing verywell.wellHe steppedinto theroom quietlywithout beingnoticed.他悄悄地走进房间，没有人注意到他（修饰动词）stepped

6.动词.v.动词用来表示动作或状态，如说，躺，成为；在句中speak liebee主要作谓语或与名词、形容词、实义动词等一起构成复合谓语他昨天买了一台电脑（作谓语）He boughta puteryesterday.Tom汤姆有病在家（与形容词一起构成复合谓语）was sickat home.

7.冠词.art.冠词用于名词前，对名词起限制作用，不定冠词一个，定冠词a/an这/那个，这/那些the篮子里有些蔬菜There aresome vegetablesin thebasket.

8.介词.prep.介词用于名词或代词前，表示与其他词的关系如在……上面，n for为o我在这里等了三个小时了I havewaited herefor threehours.

9.连词.conj.连词用于连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子，如和，但是，and but当时候when我们一直谈到他来We talkedand talkeduntil hecame.

10.感叹词.interj.感叹词用来表示说话时的感情或口气如嗨，喂，啊hi helloaha哈,哇wow啊，我找的东西在这里呢Ah,here is the thingIm after.

二、易错点操场上的孩子们高Children onthe playgroundare playinghappy.兴地玩着解析是形容词，这个句子应该用副词修饰动词，应改为happy happily他爸爸听至这,就生When hisfather heardthis,he gotangrily.气了解析get是系动词，后面要接形容词表示主语的状态，angrily应改为angryo外面雨下得很大Look!It israining hardlyoutside.解析副词hard（猛烈地）误用为hardly（几乎不）再如容易错误的把friendly、lovely等形容词当作副词来使用我们很累，但是We werevery tired,however,we feltexcited.很兴奋不能连接句子，应把however,改为but,或分析however是副词,者改为However,we feltexcited.We werevery tired他告诉我老师让我进He toldme theteacher askedme toe into.去解析是介词，应该接宾语，否则就应该用代替也可以into ininto改成e intothe classroom0高考英语常用句型句型+主语+地点状语/时间状语1:There+be河里有条船Theres aboat in the river.句型f2Whats wrong with+sb./sth.What swrongwithyour你的手表有什么毛病？watch句型你觉得中国3How doyou like...How doyou likeChina怎么样？句型4What doyou likeabout...What doyou likeabout China你喜欢中国的什么？句型动词原形5had betternot+Youd betterask that你最好去问问那边的那个警察policeman overthere.句型+主语+谓语!+主语6How+adj./adv.What a/an+adj.+n.+谓语!!今天多冷啊！How coldit is today Whata finepicture it多美的一幅图画呀！is!句型7Thank+sb.+for doingsth.Thank youfor ingto seeme.感谢你来看我句型情态动词/助动词+主语他8So+be/He isa student.So amL是一个学生，我也是句型r

9...not...until...He didnt havesupper untilhis直到他的父母回来他才吃饭parents cameback.句型比较级比较级10+and+The babycried harderand harder.那孩子哭得越来越厉害句型+比较级，+比较级11the theThe moreone has,the more越有越贪one wants.句型・

12...as+adv.+as...•••not asso+adj/adv.你认+as...Do youthink thatart isas importantas music为艺术和音乐一样重要吗？Last Sundaythe weatherwas notso wet上个星期天的天气不如今天的天气潮湿as itistoday.句型13more/less+adj.+than...I thinkart isless important我认为艺术不如音乐重要than music.句型14stop…from doingsth.The GreatGreen Wallwill stopthe绿色长城将阻挡风吹走土壤wind fromblowing theearth away.句型我和15both...and...Both youand Iare students.你都是学生句型不是你16either...or...Either youor heis wrong.错就是他错句型17neither...nor...Neither henor Iam astudent.我和他都不是学生句型

18...as soon as...As soonas Isee him,Ill givehim我一见到他，我就把你的消息告诉他the message.句型19…so+adj./adv.+that...I wasso tiredthat Ididnt我累得连话也不想说了want tospeak.句型主句20Though...+Though Ilike writingto mypenfriend,虽然我喜欢给笔友写信，但它要耗费我大量it takesa lotof time.时间句型21be going toThis afternoonIm goingto buya QisuEnglish今天下午我要去买本奇速英语书book.句型22be different froml thinkthis isdifferentfromChinese我认为这与汉语名字不同names.句型欢迎回到学校！23Wele backto...Wele backto school!句型24have fundoingWe regoingtohave funlearning and这学期我们将兴味盎然地学习和讲英语speaking Englishthis term.句型，25…because.../…so...I dontknow allyour names因为这是我们的第一节课，所以because thisis ourfirst lesson.我并不知道你们所有人的名字句型26Why dontyou.../Why not…Why dontyou e to school为什么不早点到校呢？a littleearlier句型让我们定在九点半27make itLets makeit halfpast nine.吧！句型他28have nothingto doTheyhave nothingto doevery day.们每天无所事事句型29be sure/be sure of/about sth./be sureto dosb.I我想是这样，但不敢确定think so,but Imnot sure.I wasnot我对于怎么走没有sureof/about theway,so Iasked someone.把握，所以我问别人了句型30between...and...There isa shopbetween thehospital在那家医院和那所学校之间有一家商店and theschool.句型介词补语/31keep sb./sth.+Ving/adv.You mustkeep your你们必须保持教室干净classroom clean.Sorry tohave keptyou对不起，让你久等你waiting.Can youkeep himintheroom能让他在这个房里吗让他们在这儿呆着Keep themhere.句型+宾语+宾补32find Hefinds itvery hardto travelaround他发现要环游这个大城市是很难的the bigcity.句型

133...not...anymore/longerThe oldman doesn1travel这位老人不再旅行了他any more.He isnta thiefany longer.不再是个贼句型134What sthe weatherlike...What sthe weatherlike在你们家乡春天天气怎么样？in springin yourhometown句型35There isno time to do/have no time todoThere wasno没有时间思考timetothink.I havenotimeto gohome forlunch.我没有时间回家吃午饭句型吃鱼36Help oneselfto...Help yourselfto somefish.吧！句型我37used todol usedto readthis kindof story books.过去常读这种故事书句型38borrow...froml borroweda QisuEnglish bookfrom him.我从他那借了一本奇速英语书句型39lend sb.sth./lend sth.to sb.他借了本He lentme a storybook/He lentastorybook tome.故事书给我句型你曾去过夏40have beentoHave youever beento Hawaii威夷吗？句型他1!41have gone toWhere sheHe sgonetoWashington.在哪儿他去华盛顿了句型42be famousf orHawa ii isfamous forits beautiful夏威夷以它美丽的海滩而出名句型+疑问句beaches.43No matter+主句无论你们什么时候来，No matterwhen youe,you areweled.都受欢迎句型恐44be afraidof/todo/that...T mafraid not.怕不能1Don1be afraidof makingmistakes whenspeaking English.当说英语时不要害怕犯错误句型

45...as...as possible/...as...as sbcanl hope我希望能尽快见到他toseehim assoonaspossible.He ranhere他尽最大努力跑到这儿as fastas hecould.句型46practise/enjoy/finish doingAyoung manpractised一个年青人和格林先生练习说英语speaking Englishwith MrGreen.汤姆很喜欢踢足球Tom enjoysplaying footballvery much.He他看完了那本故事书finished readingthe storybook.句型r!47It ssaid that...It ssaid thatone ofthe most据说最危险的鲨鱼之dangerous sharksistheGreat WhiteShark.一是大白鲨句型并48Not all/everyone...Not allsharks arealike.不是所有的鲨鱼都一样并不是每个Not everyonelikes dumplings.人都喜欢饺子句型他的论断是49be basedonHis argumentis basedon facts.以事实为根据的句型

50...so that...Put thetree inthe holeso thatit把树放入洞穴中，让它立直is straight.句型51be+num.+metres/kilometres/years...+long/wide/deep/high/old...The GreatGreen Wallis7,000kilometres绿色长城长公里long.7000The riveris about2metres deep.这条河大约有米深这个男孩约2The boyis about12years old.岁12句型52keep...from doingTheheavy rainkept usfrom starting大雨阻止了我们出发out.句型r53with ones help...With Tomshelp,I veetoAmerica在汤姆的帮助下，我来美国深造to studyfurther.句型154I don1think...I dontthink anyof themis interesting.我认为他们中任何一个都无趣句型1r55What sthe populationof...What sthe populationof德国的人口有多少？Germany句型56prefer todo…rather thando他们更喜欢They preferto buya newone ratherthan repairit.买一辆新车，而不愿去修理它句型这本书57be worthdoing---This bookis worthreading.值得读句型58regard…asThey regardedtheir petsas membersof their他们把宠物视为家庭成员families.句型我确信会成功r59be confidentof Im confidentof success.句型介词短语60seem todo/seem+adj./He seemsto be angry.他似乎生气了这房子似乎太吵了句The houseseems toonoisy.型f61beangrywith/about/at doingWere allvery angry我们都很生自己的气with ourselves.I wasangry abouthis我很生气他决定把工厂建在这儿decision tobuild afactory here.这样一直等我很生气句型I wasangry atbeing keptwaiting.62他付pay for/pay…for Hepaid for the bookand wentaway.完书款便离开了买这幅画我I paidhim£200forthepainting.付了他英镑200。