译林版小学英语语法知识

译林版小学英语语法知识小学阶段我们研究了四种时态，现在将这四种时态进行归纳总结

一、一般现在时一般现在时的标志词包括always,usually,often,sometimes,和在一般现在时中，动词只有第三人称有词形变化，never every其他人称（如第一人称；第二人称:；第三人称复数I weyou、）动词均用原形当主语是第三人称单数时，动they myfriends词在一般现在时句子中的变化规律有以下几种.多数在动词后加如一一1s,play plays,like likes.以结尾的动词加如一2s,x,sh,ch,o es,wash washes,catch——catches,do——does.以辅音字母加结尾，把改为再加如一3y yi es,fly flies,study-studies.以元音字母加结尾，直接加如4y s,buy—buys.不规则变化，如5have-has一般现在时的基本用法有以下几种.表示事物或人物的特征、状态，如（天空1The skyis blue.是蓝色的）.表示经常性或惯性的动作,如（我2I getup atsix everyday.每天六点起床）.表示客观现实，如（地球绕着太阳转）3XXX aroundthe sun.一般现在时的构成有以下两种:动词主语（）其它，如（我

1.be+be amis are+I ama boy.o是一个男孩）.行为动词主语+行为动词（+其它），如（我们研究2XXX.英语）一般现在时的句型包括肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句.肯定句1动词:主语其它成分，如（他是一be+be+He is a worker.Ao名工人）行为动词主语+动词（注意人称变化）+其它成分，如Bo We（我们喜欢这只小猫）like the little cat..否定句2动词主语其它成分，如be+be+not+They arenot students.Ao（他们不是学生）行为动词主语+助动词动词原形+其它成Bo do/does+not+分，我们不喜欢这只小猫We don,t likethelittlecat.一般疑问句

3.动词主语+其它成分，Ao beAm/Is/Are+Are youa teacherYeso o（你是老师吗？是的，我是/不，我不是）I am/No I am not.o oArethey studentsat yourschool Youcan answerwith Yestheyoare or No theyarent.For nverbs use the auxiliary verb ndo/doesn followed by theosubjecto the baseform of the verb and any other necessaryocomponentsFor examplenDo youlike it”can be answered withooYeSo Ido orNo Idont.1Similarly Doeshe/she likeitn canbeo oansweredwith nYeshe/she doesorNohe/she doesnt.oTo forma specialn XXXword followed by ageneral nostructureFor exampleHow manystudents arethere inyouro oschoolnor nWhatdo youusually doon SundaysnTheverb beisaXXX singularfirst personuse am.In theosingular third person□use isJ Inall other cases useare.Theoverb haveis usedwith hasin thesingularthirdperson andohave”in allothercases.The XXXauxiliary verbbe amis arefollowedby theopresent participle-ing formofthe verbandanyothernecessarycomponents For example nI am watchingTVH ornI amnot watchingooTV.”To forma nusetheauxiliaryverbbe followedbythesubjectoand the present participlesuch asAre youwatching TVoToform XXXuse willor shallfollowedbythe baseformoof theverbo Forexample nI will go tothestore11or Sheshall arriveotomorrow/1Use theXXX Usenwill beHor nshall befollowed bythepresentparticiple oftheverbForexampleIwillbeoXXX.nTomorrow oI am going tovisit mygrandparents Theylive inothecountryside andI XXXthem for a long time Iwill takethe trainoandarrive in the afternoon I am going tobring themsome fruitsandvegetables fromthe marketinthecity Theyalways appreciatefreshproduce.The dayafter tomorrowwe aregoing tohave afamily dinneroMy parentssiblings andcousins willallbethere Wewill haveao oobarbecue andplay somegames Itsgoing tobea lot offun.Next weekoI am going tostart anew jobI ama littlenervousobut alsoexcited I am going to workin abig companyand havea lotoofresponsibilities I am going to learnalotand meetnew people.From nowonIamgoing to XXXI wantto stayhealthy andfito Ioamgoing togotothe gymthree timesa weekand alsogo fora runinthe parkIamgoing tomake ita habit.In thefuture Iamgoingto travelto differentcountries Iwant tooexperiencenew culturesand XXXIamgoingtosave moneyand planmytrips carefullyIamgoingtostart withsome nearbycountries andothengo further.Soon Iamgoingto XXXforalongtimeand itsfinally comingtooan endIamgoingtograduate and start anew chapterin mylife Iamogoing tolook fora jobandstartmy career.在研究英语的过程中，我们常常需要使用特殊疑问句来询问某些事情例如，我们可以使用这样的句“what didJim doXXX”子来询问昨天做了什么事情另外，当疑问词作为主语时，XXX我们可以使用这样的句子来询问昨天谁回“who wenthome XXX”家了为了更好地研究英语，我们还需要掌握一些常用的不规则动词过去式例如，我们可以将动词原形中的改为如i a,begin一一XXX,drink-drank,give-gave,ring-rang,sing sang,sit—sat,此外，我们还可以将重读开音节中的改为如swim—swam io,o还有一些动词原形中的drive—drove,ride-rode,write-wrote aw/ow可以改为如ew,draw—drew,grow-grew,know-knew,throw-threw（动词除外，）动词原形中的也可以改show show-showed e为如动词原形中的可以改为如o,get—got,et—oto eee,feed—fed,动词原形中的可以改为如meet—meto eepept,keep—kept,sleep一动词原形中的可以改为如slept,sweep—swept eakoke,o一动词原形中的可以改为如break—broke,speak spokeell old,动词原形中的可以改为如sell—sold,tell—told an00,stand-stood,以和结尾的动词也有特殊understand-understood oughtaught的过去式，如一一bring—brought,buy bought,think thought,catch一一以结尾且读音为〔〕的情态动caught,XXX taughtould udo词过去式也有特殊的形式，如一一can—could,shall should,will最后，有一些动词的过去式与动词原形一样，如would cut-cut,o等等let—let,put-put。