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神经病学历年题B.Complete absenceof autonomicactivity below thelevel of the injury;一.单项选择题C.Flaccid paralysis;历年经验绝大部分在宝典上D.Extensor plantarresponses;真题整理E.All of the above-mentioned
7.The followingclinical criteriacan makea diagnosis of
1.Paralysis withupper motor neuron lesionmust becdefinite MSmultiple sclerosis,but which one must beonsideredby the following characters,EXCEPT:excludedA.Babinski sign;A.Patient musthave twoseparate centralnervous systemB.Increased deeptendon reflexes;lesions;C.Spastic characters;B.Symptoms musthave occurredin twoor moresepaD.Pseudobulbar paralysis;rate episodes;E.Fasciculations.C.Symptoms mustinvolve thewhite matter;
2.Which one of the followings ISNTone of the comD.Symptoms mustinvolve thegray matter;ponents ofcircle ofWillisE.Neurological examinationmust showobjective abnA.Internal carotidartery;ormalities.B.Middle cerebralartery;
8.Female,
40.Unilateral headacheaccompanied nauseaC.Anterior communicatingartery;and vomitingfor fiveyears withvarious intensity,1astedD.Posterior communicatingartery;an averageof24hours arange of5to72hours.TheE.Posterior cerebralartery.general medicaland neurologicalexaminations of this
3.The localization of lowermotorneuronlesions inclpatientare normal.The mostlikely diagnosticpossibilityude followingsites,EXCEPT:is:A.Anterior horncells ofspinal cord;A.Tension headache;B.Cluster headache;B.Caudal equina;C.Migraine;D.Secondary headache;C.Conus medullaris;E.Hypochondriasis.D.Mesencephalic nucleusof trigeminal;
9.A40-years oldman developedbilateral facialweakE.Pyramidal tract.ness anddifficulty inclimbing stairsfor oneweek after a
4.Localization ofcerebellar hemispherelesions mustberespiratory illness.The mostpossible diagnosisis:A.considered bythe followingfindings,EXCEPT:A.Belfs palsy;B.Multiple sclerosis;Ipsilateral intentiontremor;C.Periodic paralysis;D.Guillain-Barr esyndrome;B.Ipsilateral dysdiadochokinesia;E.Motor neurondisease.C.Ipsilateral dysmetria;
10.About themain presentationof Increasedintracran ialD.Ipsilateral hypotonicity;pressure ICP,whichE.Ipsilateral Paralysis.oneof the followings is the best
5.Which of thefollowingsare thecore features of PaA.Seizure,headache,papilledema;rkinsons diseaseB.Seizure,vomiting,papilledema;A.Bradykinesia,rigidity,and tremor;C.Headache,vomiting,papilledema;B.Rigidity,shuffling gait,and tremor;D.Headache,seizure,focal neurologicalsigns;C.Rigidity,weakness,and tremor;E.Vomiting,seizure,focal neurologicalsigns.D.Shuffling gait,akinesia,and weakness;
11.Trigeminal neuralgiais describedas abrief electricE.Shuffling gait,pill-rolling,and akinesia.shocktype painlimited tothe distributionof anybra nchof
6.About thefeaturesofspinal shock,which oneof thetheTrigeminal nerve.Which oneof thefollowi ngdrugs isfollowings is WRONGthebest forits treatmentA.Complete absenceof reflexbelowthelevel of the iA.Baclofen;B Carbamazepine;njury;C VitaminBl2;D Valproate;
17.About themain presentationof Increasedintracran ialEAlcohol blocks.pressure,whichoneof thefollowings isthebestA.
12.Myasthenia GravisMG is a disorderof impairing Seizure,headache,papilledema;the neuromuscularjunction.The followingsare correct,B.Seizure,vomiting,papilledema;EXCEPT:C.Headache,vomiting,papilledema;A.The patientshave noabnormality ofmental state;D.Headache,seizure,focal neurologicalsigns;B.The patientspresent withmuscle weaknessand fatE.Vomiting,seizure,focal neurologicalsigns.igue;
18.Which oneofthefollowingsisa completeneurolC.The hallmarkof MGis pathologicfatigability;ogical examinationD.Eye findingsare themost commonwith ptosis;A.Mental status,cranial nerves,coordinate function,E.MG mayeffect pupillaryfunction.sensory function and reflexes;
13.Muscular dystrophiesare geneticallydetermined pB.Mental status,cranial nerves,coordinate andmoto rrimarydiseases ofmuscle,characterized pathological!y byfunction,sensory function and reflexes;muscle fiberdegeneration.Which oneofthefoil owingsis C.Cranial nerves,coordinate andmotor function,seninherited asX-linked recessivetraits soryfunctionand reflexes;A.Myotonic dystrophy;D.Cranial nerves,periphery nerves,motor function,sB.Duchenne musculardystrophy;ensory functionandreflexes;C.Limb-girdle dystrophy;E.None ofthe above-mentioned.D.Oculopharyngeal musculardystrophy;
19.A patientcomplains ofthe powerof leftlimbs decE.Facioscapulohumeral musculardystrophy;reased forthree months.The neurologicalexaminatio n
14.Transverse myelitisisasyndrome ofacute inflamshowed thepatient hadright gazepreference,decrea sedmationacting acrossthe entirespinal cord.The following musclepower IIIdiagnosticevaluation should be carriedout,EXCE PT:〜IV andincreased deeptendon reflexin leftlimbs.TheA.MRI ofthe spinalcord;B Lumbarpuncture;C Vitaminlocalizationofthispatient maybe:B12oftheserum;D Sedimentationrate;E DNAanalysis.A.Left frontallobe;B.Right frontallobe;
15.Which ofthefollowingdescriptions abouttransien tC.Left parietallobe;D.Right parietallobe;ischemic attacksTIAsis thebestE.ThalamusA.TIAs aretemporary dysfunctionof braintissue caused
20.The featureof Brown-Sequard syndromehemisectbyinadequate bloodflow;ionofthe spinalcord is:B.Carotid arteryterritory TIAs often produceipsilate ralA.Ipsilateral thermanesthesia;hand andarm weaknessand sensoryloss;B.Ipsilateral anesthesia;C.TIAs referto brief,reversible focalneurological dC.Contralateral hemiparesis;eficits thatthey mustrecover completelywithin24ho urs;D.Ipsilateral lossof vibratorysense;D.TIAs lastonly minutesand mayoccur inany vaseularE.Contralateral hemiparesisand hypalgesia.territory;
21.Management ofthe patientswith intracerebralheE.TIAsofthe carotidterritory includebiocular blindmorrhageICH should be directedtoward preservingnessand transienthemisphere attacks.remaining neurologicalfunctionandpreventing deteri
16.Which oneofthefollowingsiscorrect aboutcomoration dueto elevatedICP intracranialpressure withponent partsof CorpusStriatum A.Paleoresultant comaor death.The followingtreatment methodsstriatum,pallidum,and basalganglia;are correct,EXCEPT:B.Neostriatum,pallidum,and substantianigra;A.An airwayshouldbeestablished;C.Lentiform nucleus,caudate nucleus,and pallidum;D.Pallidum,caudate nucleus,and neostriatum;B.The patients shouldbekept atbed rest;E.Pallidum,putamen nucleus,and caudatenucleus.C.CT scanofthebrain shouldbe executedimmediat ely;D.Blood pressureofthepatientsshouldbe elevatedb y
6.静止性震颤static tremor*3some drugsto increasecerebral bloodflow;扭转痉挛
7.torsion spasm*2E.The managementof increasedICP includesthe useof铅管样强直
8.lead-piperigidity*3hyperventilation.齿轮样强直
9.cogwheel rigidity*
322.男性,23岁既往体健,两周前出现双下肢无力
10.抽动症tic*3伴尿潴溜而入院检查发现双下肢肌力H级,脐以
11.辨距不良dysmetria下感觉缺失入院后进行腰穿,脑脊液检查结果正常闭目难立征
12.Romberg sign*5根据以上的临床表现,患者最可能的诊断是福维尔综合征、脑桥腹内侧核综合征
13.A脊髓空洞症;B急性脊髓炎;Foville syndromeC脊髓压迫症;D格林―巴利综合症;
14.霍夫曼征Hoffmann signE脊髓蛛网膜炎
15.总体反射mass reflex
23.目前有关帕金森氏病的治疗,最有效的药物为:A韦伯综合症、中脑腹侧部综合征
16.WeberL—多巴制剂;B安坦;C金刚烷胺;syndrome*3米亚尔-居布勒综合症、脑桥腹下部综合D滨隐亭;E多巴胺
17.征Millard-Gubler syndrome*
224.男性,11岁癫痫大发作史三年,服用苯妥英纳闭锁综合征、去传出状态、脑桥腹侧综合
18.治疗后,病情较稳定,现每年发作3-4次,以下哪项征、Monte-Gristo综合征locked・in syndrome是错误的deefferented stateMonte-Cristo syndrome*2A坚持上课;B少看电视;中脑顶盖综合征
19.Parinaud syndromeC暑期天天去游泳,加强体质锻炼;延髓背外侧综合征
20.Wallenberg syndrome核间性眼肌麻痹
21.D不乘坐高空游艺机;E养成规律的生活习惯
25.霍纳综合征女性,30岁睁眼困难伴复视二年,晨轻暮重,休息
22.Horner syndrome*2后好转下列检查有助于明显诊断,除外A新期的阿罗瞳孔、瞳孔
23.Argyll-Robertson明试验;B疲劳试验;感觉性失语、听觉性失语、失语
24.WernickeC胸部CT扫描;D乙酰胆碱受体抗体测定;
25.运动性失语、表达性失语、Broca失语E椎管造影motor aphasia命名性失语、遗忘性失语
26.anomic aphasia
26.女性,45岁因单侧面颊部发作性针刺疼痛一年失用症、运用不能
27.apraxia余就诊疼痛持续时间较短,数秒钟至2分钟不等折刀样肌张力增高
28.体检该病人时应特别注意癫痫
29.JacksonA面颊部有无压痛;B两侧瞳孔是否等大;脊髓休克
30.spinal shockC两侧眼球运动及光反射是否正常;征
31.GowerD面部疼痛觉及角膜反射是否异常;E咽部感觉、运肌无力危象
32.myasthenic crisis动是否异常癫痫
33.epilepsy发作二.名词解释
34.seizure短暂性脑缺血发作、小卒中牵涉痛
35.transient
1.referred pain*
3、放射痛ischemic attacheTIA minorstroke*
32.radiating pain*4可逆性缺血性脑功能缺失
36.reversible灼性神经痛
3.causalgia感觉异常ischemic neurologicdeficits RIND
4.paresthesia*2脊髓半切综合症
5.Brown-Sequard
37.脑底动脉环(Willis circle)*2syndrome*2三.大题别?综合症的诊断与鉴别诊断)需要进一步做哪些检查?
1.Brown-Sequard2脊髓性感觉障碍的分型和表现)该疾病的治疗方法有哪些?
2.3脑干病变的特点.试述急性横断性脊髓炎的临床表现与主
3.34癫痫药物治疗的基本原则要处理原则
4.*3*3癫痫的治疗原则上下运动神经元瘫痪的鉴别诊断要点
5.
35.
6.癫痫与其它发作性疾病的鉴别、癫痫的鉴
36.上下运动神经元组成及鉴别别诊断*
337.试述硬膜内髓内、外脊髓压迫症的鉴别诊
8.癫痫持续状态的定义和治疗断要点;
9.试述癫痫大发作间隙期药物治疗原则与注
38.女性,4岁入院前二周曾发热,流清水意事项*2鼻涕,在本院门诊拟诊”上呼吸道感染”入
10.对于一名初发癫痫的患者,应当如何做出院前一天患者感四肢末端发麻、乏力入院全面的诊断?时体检神清双侧额纹减少及眼裂闭合欠
11.试述癫痫药物治疗的原则以及违反原则佳,双侧鼻唇沟浅双上肢肌力III级,双下可能给病人带来的后果肢肌力级,肌张力低下,双侧二头肌反射W
12.失神发作的主要临床表现和脑电图特点(-),膝反射(-),肘、膝关节远端肢体痛
13.全身强直阵挛发作单纯性失神发作精神觉减退试分析该病人的诊断及主要处理原运动性发作的特点与首选药则*
214.帕金森病的治疗*
339.男性,58岁言语不清半天伴右侧肢体活.帕金森病的药物治疗动障碍查体运动性失语,右侧中枢性面
15.帕金森病的主要临床表现(用英语回答)舌瘫,右侧肢体瘫痪,右侧偏身感觉障碍
16.脑出血和蛛网膜下腔出血鉴别急查头颅未见异常分析该病人可能的诊17*2CT试述脑出血的主要处理原则断及处理原则
18.*3脑血栓发作和脑梗塞的鉴别诊断
19.急性脑血栓形成与脑出血鉴别
20.蛛网膜下隙出血的治疗
21.*4谈谈你对脑梗死急性期治疗的认识
22.缺血性中风的鉴别
23.*2出血性卒中的鉴别诊断或列表写出鉴别
24.方法*2格林巴利综合征的诊断和鉴别诊断
25.*3格林-巴利综合征的临床表现
26.试述急性感染性多发性周围神经病的诊
27.断要点及主要处理原则*2重症肌无力的诊断和治疗
29.重症肌无力的主要临床特点是什么?何
30.谓肌无力危象?试述各型重症肌无力危象的鉴别诊断及
31.肌无力危象处理原则;*3重症肌无力病例诊断及诊断依据确诊需
32.哪些进一步检查治疗*2病例题,延髓肌型重症肌无力患者,女,
33.岁28)该患者最可能的诊断?要和哪些疾病鉴1。