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英语部分专项练习
（一）Part IReading ComprehensionDirections:There are4reading passagesin thispart.Each passageisfollowed bysome questionsor unfinishedstatements.For eachof・them there are four choices marked A,B.C.and D.You shoulddecidr㊀on thebast choice and markth㊀corresponding letteron theAnswerSheet with a single line through the center.Questions1to5are based on the following passage:If the salinity ofocean water is analyzed,it isfound tovary onlyslightly fromplace toplace.Nevertheless,some of these smallchanges areimportant.There arethree basicprocessesthat causea changein oceanicsalinity.One of these is the subtraction of waterfrom theoceanby meansof evaporation-conversion ofliquid waterto watervapor.In thismanner,the salinity is increased,since thesalts staybehind.If thisis carriedto theextreme,ofcourse,white crystalsof saltwould be left behind;this,by theway,is howmuch of the tablesaltwe useis actuallyobtained.The oppositeof evaporationis precipitation,such asrain,by whichwateris added to theocean.Here the ocean isbeing dilutedso that the salinity is decreased.This mayoccur inareasof highrainfall orin coastalregions whererivers flowinto theocean.Thus salinitymay be increasedby thesubtractionof water byevaporation,or decreasedby theaddition offreshwater byprecipitation orrunoff.Normally,in tropicalregions where the sunis verystrong,theocean salinity issomewhathigher thanit isin otherparts of the worldwhere there is notas muchevaporation.Similarly,in coastalregions whererivers dilutethe sea,salinityissomewhat lowerthan inotheroceanic areas.A thirdprocess bywhich salinitymay bealtered isassociated with the formationandmelting of sea ice.When seawateris frozen,the dissolvedmaterials areleft behind.In thismanner,seawater directlybeneath freshlyformed seaice has a highersalinity thanit didbeforethe iceappeared.Of course,when thisice melts,it welltend todecrease thesalinityof thesurrounding water.In theWeddell Sea,off Antarctica,the densestwater in the oceansis formedasa result ofthisfreezing process,which increasesthesalinityof coldwater.This heavywater sinksandis found in thedeeper portionsof oceansof the world.
1.What is the maintopic of the passageA.Where dowe getour tablesaltB.Oceanic salinity in tropicalregionsC.Three basicprocesses that alter oceanicsalinityD.Variations ofsalinityindifferent partsof theocean
2.According to the author,the oceanicsalinityisusually lowerin.文章最后一段说明，病毒传播的程度和它本身的强度，它遇到的抵抗力，和
20.D它传播的难易程度都是密切相关的但是文章没有提到病毒能带来的免疫力Part IIIVocabularyand Structure相关，切题
21.Bo relevantto“成立一个委员会在这里是“创立、开办、建
22.D“to set up acommittee setupo立”的意思把某人的注意力吸引到上来也可以说
23.Co drawattention tosomething:attract onesattention tosomething0生子，产崽因为有完成时态的标志词所以必须用现在
24.Bo givebirth tosince,完成时是个副词，“因此”这个词较正式，用法也较特殊，后面的动词经常
25.Do hence省略直接跟名词、形容词一驯服耕种使文明给马上马缰控制，
26.Do tamecultivate civilizecurb抑制，约束将来完成时常常和和时间名词以及如等表
27.Bo bynot.until+build,complete,finish示完成意义的动词连用另外在（料想）等动词后面，也常常believe,hope,suppose用将来完成时比如我预料你I expectyou will have changedyour mindby tomorrow.明天就会变主意了在下列动词后面如果紧跟另一个动词或者是助动词则这些动词必须以
28.Do have,形式出现不可以用不定式ing Admit,appreciate,avoid,delay,deny,detest,discontinue,dislike,dispute,enjoy,escape,excuse,explain,fancy,feel like,finish,forgive,cant help,hinder,imagine,mention,mind,miss,it necessitates,pardon,postpone,practice,prevent,recall,report,resent,resist,risk,suggest,understando万一，以防等于有时可以省略和后
29.Co in case offor fearthere shouldbe of面的介词宾语比如为了……They broughtan umbrellajust in case.For thesake of引导非限定性定语从句指代前文的
30.Bo whichproblems把建立在的基础上这里
31.Ao to base somethingon somethingwhich指代的是grounds□在这里相当于一个连词再比如
32.Do in that becauseoThistribe has a verystrange customin that they alwaysleave thecorpse of their deceased这个音族有个三日常奇怪的风俗，relatives exposeduntil thevultures eatthe fleshup.B因为他们总是把死去的亲人的尸体暴露直到秃鹰吃光它们的肉正如同也是……常用来连接两个并列的名词比如
33.Ao as.so.Just asHong Kongis one of thebiggest financialcenters in the world,so isNew York.正如同香港是世界最大的金融中心，纽约也是预备，防备
34.Ao provision为将来作好准备to makeprovisions for the future草稿时间表速记策划
35.Bo sketchschedule shorthandscheme有理性的
36.Ao rational当……的时候在这里是连词
37.Do as是分词短号作状语表示动作发生的背景或者情况
38.Co not knowing..就而言，对来说
39.Do in the case of因为引导的时间状语从句有较明确的“一点时间用过去进行时最好
40.Co when存，存放收拾行李，装箱
41.Do depositpack花时间的给这么一大叠文件检查拼写错误是非常花时间
42.Ao timeconsuming的天气预报前言预兆
43.Ao weatherforecast forewordpremonition prophecy预言驳斥，用推理的方式驳斥别人的争论
44.Do refute仅仅是反对，也可用来表示论述或者事物之间明显的不协调contradict表示对某一指控或是责难的否决deny使显得明朗，阐明，弄清
45.Co throw/cast/shed light onThis informationthrew somelight on the matter.这个信息使得这件事显得明朗从那个The evidenceobtained fromthat womanshed somelightonthis complicatedcase.女人那里得到的证据使得这个复杂的案子显得清晰了觉得自己做某事是正当的也可用的
46.Co to be justifiedin doingsomething justify主动形式，比如他引用了过去的一He citeda previouscase tojustify his argument.个案例来证明他的辩论是有理的假定，设想假设，（没有根据地）相信
47.Ao assumepresume:分词的现在完成式作原因状语，可以代替具有现在完成时的从句分词完成
48.Bo式结构所表示的动作必须发生在主句的动作之前（在体育比赛中）淘汰to knockout.（根据逻辑推理）可以断定
49.Ao Itfollows that,并不意味着并不一定It doesntfollow that被指控犯有等于（）
50.Bo becharged withto beaccused ofdoing somethingoA.tropical regionsB.coastal regionsC.places inwhich warmcurrents andcold currentsmeetD.the Antarctica
3.All of the followingare processesthat decreaseoceansalinityexcept.A.precipitation B.runoff C.melting D.evaporation
4.What doesthe wordsubtractionn in the fourthline of the firstparagraph meanA.reduction B.influx C.transformation D.freezing
5.Which of the following is NOTaresultof theformation of ice inoceansA.The surroundingwater sinks.B.The water becomes denser.C.Water salinitydecreases.D.The surroundingwaterbecomescolder.Questions6to10are basedon the following passage:More than a centuryago,the relationshipbetween glacialice and the amountof waterinthe ocean basins wasfirst seen.When thegreat icesheet coveredvast landareas,the sealevelwas loweredbecause thenormal returnof waterfrom landto theocean wasreduced.As aresult,the sealevel roseas Ice Age glaciersmelted allowingthe meltedwaters toflowinto theocean.If all the glacialice on the surfaceof theearth todayshould melt,the sealevelmight riseby more than150feet.Shoreline variationsare alsoproduced throughelevationor depressionof theland.During timesof glacierformations thegreat weightofthe iceslowly depressedthe earthscrust.Removal of the weightthrough glaciermeltingallowed theslow returnof thecrust toits formerposition.Changes in the Great Ice climatesfromcool andwet towarm anddry producedclimate changesfar from the glaciatedarea.For example,at timesof cool-wet glacialclimates,levels ofinland lakesrose,in contrasttothe depressionof sealevel.During thewarm-dry interglacialclimates,lake levelswerelowered.The ancientlake Bonneville,largest of the glaciallakes inWestern United States,once coveredmore than20,000square miles.It hada maximumdepth ofmorethan1,000feet.Great Salt Lake inUtah is the shrunkenremnant ofthis oncelarge lake.Although thefirst timethat early man walkedon theearth isuncertain,he islargely aproductof the Great Ice Age.Present informationshows thatduring thistime heevolvedrapidly bothphysically and culturally.His mostprimitive toolsand skeletalremains havebeenfoundin some of the oldestdeposits contemporarywiththe Great IceAge inAfrica,Asia andEurope.These areoften associatedwith remainsof extinctanimals.With thedisappearanceof thegreat icesheets,the Bronze and Iron Age culturesevolved.About thistimemany animalssuited tocooler climatesdied.Although muchremains to be learned,the storyof the Great IccAge isbeing unfoldedthrough the effortsof specialistsin manyfields.Recording fieldobservation,new theoriesandmethods,and worldwidestudies ofexisting glaciersare bringinga clearerunderstandingoftheGreat IceAge.
6.Which ofthe followingis NOTimplied in the passageA.Man hasa lotmore tolearn abouttheGreatIceAge.B.The artof makingtools wasinstrumental inbringing aboutthe evolutionof humanbrain.C.Many specieswere notsuited tothe warmerclimates ofthe Bronzeand IronAge.D.The relationshipbetween glacialiceandthe amountofwaterin theoceanbasinswas notseenuntil morethana hundred years ago.
7.According tothe article,which ofthe followingwill inducethe depressionofsealevelA.formation ofgreat massesoficesheet on the landB.precipitationC.shoreline variationsD.the adventof warm-dry interglacialclimates
8.Why doesthe authorcite theexample oftheGreatSaltLakein UtahA.to showthat it isalake createdin theGreatIceAgeB.to showthat itonce wasthe largestlake in the UnitedStatesC.to showthat itevolved fromthe Bronzeand IronAgeD.to showthat it is whatremained ofthe oncelarge lakeBonneville
9.Which ofthe followingcan be learned aboutearly manbasedon the informationprovidedin the passageA.The exacttime of his appearanceontheEarth isuncertain.B.He evolvedrapidly physicallyandculturallyduring theBronzeandIronAge.C.The abilityto makeprimitive toolsdistinguished manfrom otheranimals.D.Early manlived mainlyon animalshunted.
10.The bestsource ofinformation abouttheGreatIceAgeis obtainedfrom.A.rock formationsB.fossil remainsC.primitive toolsused byearlymanD.Antarcticas ancientglacierQuestions11to15are basedonthe following passage:Prolonging humanlife hasincreased thesize ofthe humanpopulation.Many peoplealivetoday would have diedof childhooddiseases if they had been bornahundredyearsago.Because more people livelonger,therearemorepeoplearound atany giventime.In fact,itis adecrease indeath rates,not anincrease inbirth rates,that hasled tothe populationexplosion.Prolonging humanlife hasalso increasedthe dependencyload.In allsocieties,people whoaredisabled or too young ortooold to work aredependent onthe restof societyto providefor them.In huntingand gatheringcultures,old people who couldnot keepup mightbe leftbehindto die.In timesof famine,infants mightbe allowedto diebecause theycould notsurviveif theirparents starved,whereas ifthe parentssurvived theycould have another（当代的）child.In mostcontemporary societies,people feela moralobligation tokeeppeople alivewhether theycan work or not.We have a greatmany peopletoday wholivepast theage atwhich theywant toworkorare able towork;we alsohave ruleswhichrequire peopleto retire ata certain age.Unless thesepeople wereable tosave moneyfortheir retirement,somebody elsemust supportthem.In theUnitedStatesmany retiredpeoplelive onsocial securitychecks whichare solittle thatthey mustlive innear poverty.Older peoplehave moreillness thanyoungormiddle-aged people;unless theyhave wealthorprivate orgovernment insurance,they mustoften goon welfareiftheyhaveaseriousillness.When olderpeople becomesenile ortoo weakto carefor themselves,they creategraveproblems for their families.In thepast andin sometraditional cultures,they wouldbecared for at home until theydied.Today,with mostmembers ofa householdworking orinschool,thereisoften noone athome whocan careforasick orweak person.To meetthis（康复的）need,a greatmany nursinghomes andconvalescent hospitalshave beenbuilt.（赞助）These areoften profit-making organizations,although someare sponsoredbyreligious andother nonprofitgroups.While afew ofthese institutionsare good,most ofthemare simplydumping groundsforthedying inwhich careis givenby poorly paid,overworked,and under-skilled personnel.
11.What wasthe causetothepopulation growthaccording tothepassageA.increase ofbirthrateB.advance inmedical careC.well-administered socialwelfareD.the decreaseof deathrate
12.It can belearnedfromthepassage thatinsometraditional societies.A.infants maybeleftto diewhen thereisnt enoughfood togo aroundB.old andsick people are caredfor athomeuntilthey diedC.peoplearerequired toretireatacertain ageD.peoplewhoare tooweak orillhaveto takecare ofthemselves
13.What doesthe word“senile”in thefirst lineofthelast paragraphmeanA.advanced in age B.sickC.disabled D.capricious
14.What isthe authorsattitude towardthe nursinghomes andconvalescent hospitalsmentionedin theparagraphA.suspicious B.optimistic C.neutral D.criticalQuestions15to20are basedonthe following passage:Although wealready knowa great deal about influenza,and althoughthe World HealthOrganization isconstantly collectingdetailed informationfrom itschain of influenzareference laboratoriesthroughout theworld,itis extremely difficultfor epidemiologists（流行病专家），who studyinfectious disease,to predictwhen andwherethenext fluepidemicwill occur,and howsevere it will be.There arethree kindsof influenza virus,known asA,B andC.Influenza Cvirus isrelativelystable andcauses mildinfections thatdo notspread farthroughthepopulation.The Aand Btypes arcunstable,and arcresponsible forthe epidemicsthat causefrequentconcern.Following anyvirus attack,the humanbody buildsup antibodieswhich conferimmunityto thatstrain ofvirus,but avirus withthe capacityto changeits characteris abletoby-pass thisprotection.Variability isless developedin the influenza B virus,whichaffects onlyhuman beings.An influenza B virusmay causea widespreadepidemic butwillhave littleeffect ifintroduced intothe samecommunity soonafterwards,since nearlyeveryonewill havebuilt upantibodies andwill beimmune.The influenza A virus,whichaffects animalsalso,is extremelyunstable and is responsible for someoftheworstoutbreaks ofthe disease,such asthe unparalleledpandemic,or worldepidemic,of1918-1919,when abouthalf theworlds populationwere infectedand abouttwenty millionpeopledied,some frompneumonia causedby the virus itselfand somefrom secondary（并发症）complications causedby bacteria.Accurate predictionis difficultbecause ofthe complicationofthefactors.A particularvirusmayberelated toone to which someofthepopulation havepartial involvedimmunity.The extenttowhichit willspread willdepend onfactors suchas itsown strength,or virulence,the easewith whichit canbe transmittedandthe strength ofthe oppositionitencounters.Scientists,however,haveareliable generalpicture oftheworldsituation.Influenza Aattacks usin wavesevery twoor threeyears,while influenzaB,which travelsmoreslowly,launches itsmain assaultsevery threeto sixyears.The outbreaksvary fromisolatedcases toepidemics involvinga tenthor moreofthepopulation.We mayconfidentlyprophesy thatsooner orlater largenumbers ofpeople will be feelingtheunpleasant effectsof somekind ofinfluenzavirus.
15.Which ofthefollowingisthe most appropriatetitle forthe passageA.Symptoms ofInfluenzaB.Man VersusVirusC.World HealthOrganization:Forefront againstInfluenza VirusD.Variability ofInfluenza Virus
16.According tothe author,which ofthefollowingis NOTtrue aboutinfluenzaA.Man hasobtained agreatdealof knowledgeaboutinfluenza.B.The occurrenceofinfluenzais stillunpredictable.C.Influenza isbeing studiedextensively andsystematically inmany countriesintheworldunder theguidance ofWorldHealthOrganization.D.No reliabletreatment ofinfluenza hasyet beenfound.
17.What doesthe authorsay abouttheinfluenzaB virusA.B virusis relativelystable andcauses mildinfections thatdo notspread farthrough thepopulation.B.B virusis unstable,andis responsibleforthe epidemicsthat causefrequent concern.C.B virusisextremelyunstable andisresponsiblefor someoftheworst outbreaksof thedisease.D.Bvirushasavery developedvariability,and itaffects onlyhuman beings.
18.Which ofthefollowingisthemost dangerousvirus accordingtothepassageA.influenzaAvirusB.influenzaBvirusC.influenza CvirusD.it cannotbe determinedby theinformation provided
19.What doesthe word“assault”intheeighth lineofthelast paragraphmeanA.influence B.attack C.symptom D.damage
20.Which ofthefollowingis NOTmentioned asa factorcontributing tothe extenttowhich avirus spreadsA.the strengthofthe virusB.thestrengthoftheopposition thevirus encountersC.the easewith which theviruscanbetransmittedD.the immunitytheviruscan inducePart II Vocabularyand StructureDirections:There are30incomplete sentencesin thispart.For each・s㊀nt㊀nee th㊀工㊀a工㊀fourchoicesmark㊀dA.B,C.and D.Choose theONErthat bestcompletes thesentence.Then markthe correspondingletteron theAnswer Sheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.
21.The factshe suppliedwere notrelevant thecase inquestion.A.with B.to C.for D.about
22.A committeehas beenby thecounsel tolook intothe causesof unemployment.A.designed B.devised C.worked D.setup
23.Few articlesinthenewspapers moreattention thanthat reportingthe murdercasewith O.J.Simpson involved.A.enlist B.divert C.draw D.absorb
24.Julia twochildren sinceshe gotmarried in
1990.A.gives birthto B.has givenbirth toC.has beengiving birthto D.gave birthto
25.The hospitalwas builtontheside ofa river,hence.A.it hasthe nameRiverside B.given the name RiversideC.has gotthe nameRiverside D.thenameRiverside
26.It took them severalweeks tothe wildhorse.A.cultivate B.civilize C.curb D.tame
27.By thetime yougraduate,we inAustralia forone year.A.willbestaying B.will have stayedC.wouldhavestayed D.havestayed
28.He appreciatedthe chanceto deliverhis thesisintheannual symposiumonComparative Literature.A.having givenB.to havebeen givenC.to havegiven D.having beengiven
29.They leftfortheairport veryearly inthe morningtraffic jam.A.in linewith B.attherisk ofC.in case of D.forthesake of
30.Living inthe desertinvolves alot ofproblems,water shortageistheworst.A.not tomention B.of whichC.let aloneD.for what
31.The governmentofficial canhardly findsufficient groundshis argumentsin favorofthe revisionofthetax law.A.on which to baseB.whichtobe basedonC.tobaseon whichD.on whichtobebased
32.Hydrogen isoneofthemostimportant elementintheuniverse itprovidesthe buildingblocks fromwhichtheother elementsare produced.A.so thatB.but thatC.provided thatD.inthat
33.Just asrelaxation isan importantpart ofour lives,stress.A.so isB.as itisC.and sois D.the sameis
34.While ayoung man,he decidedto putaside alittle moneyevery monthto makefor hisoldage.A.provision B.supply C.adjustment D.insurance
35.The salesdepartment hassubmitted aof theirannual salesreport totheboard ofdirectors.A.schedule B.sketch C.shorthand D.scheme
36.It wouldbe difficultfor anyoneto behaveinaway whenone isinafuriousstate.A.rational B.legal C.stable D.credible
37.The finalexams approached,the studentsbecame moreand morenervous.A.notwithstanding B.forC.although D.as
38.Vingo tooka busand headedfor home,if hiswife wouldhave himback.A.not toknow B.not knownC.notknowingD.not havingknown
39.We canmake anexception.A.in anycaseofJohn B.incaseof JohnC.incaseof JohnsD.inthecaseofJohn
40.When theCultural Revolutionwas launchedin China,his fathercollege.A.attended B.hadbeenattendingC.was attendingD.has beenattending
41.Its notsafe tocarry valuablesaround here.Youd betterthem inthe hotelsafealong withyour passport.A.save B.hide C.pack D.deposit
42.To proof-read thesepiles ofdocuments isvery time.A.consuming B.spending C.expending D.wasting
43.According tothe weather,tomorrow willbe overcastand dull.A.forecast B.foreword C.premonition D.prophecy
44.Armed withallthefirst-hand evidence,I wasabletohisargumentin thecourt.A.deny B.refuse C.contradict D.refute
45.This informationdoesnt shedany lightthe problem.A.in B.toward C.on D.to
46.They feelthey arejustified thechild becausehe wasnot behavinghimself.A.to punishB.tobepunishingC.in punishingD.punishing
47.We can*t justhis guilt.Weve gotto havesome hardevidence toprove it.A.assume B.presume C.believe inD.guess
48.inthefirst roundofthecompetition,our teamtooktheearliest flightback.A.Being knocked out B.Having been knocked outC.We wereknockedoutD.We hadbeenknockedout
49.If thedoor wasnot forcedopen,thattheburglar musthave hada key.A.it followsB.itisfollowedC.followingisD.itwillbe followed
50.The famousfootball starwas withthe murderofhisex-wife andher boyfriend.A.convicted B.charged C.blamed D.accused参考答案PartIReading Comprehension文章的主要内容是在不同的地区和地理、温度、气候条件下海洋的盐度
1.Do根据文中信息，在沿岸地区，因为有淡水河流的注入，所以盐度较低
2.Bo文中第一段指出，蒸发使海洋失去水分，留下了盐分，盐的浓度就此增加降
3.Do水、径流、溶化都是减少盐分的过程的意思是“减少，抽走
4.Ao subtraction文中很明确指出，海洋中冰的形成会引起盐度的增加所以显然不是海水
5.Co C结冰的结果工具的制造对人脑的进化起到了至关重要的作用，这一点并未在文中提到
6.Bo文中开头提到当大片的陆地面积被冰所覆盖时，因为注入海洋的地表径流量
7.A减少，使得海平面下降作者在第一段的结尾处举大盐湖的例子是为了说明它是一度覆盖平方
8.Do2000英里的波那维尔湖因为在间冰期的温暖干燥时期湖面下降而逐渐缩小面积而形成的文中第二段的开头指出，人类最初出现在地球上的时间还不能最后确定
9.A文中第二段指出，发现的人类在冰河时代的工具和人骨可以帮助人们对冰
10.C河时代的情况有更多的了解文中第一段指出，人口的增加并不是因为出生率的增加，而是死亡率的下
11.Do降文章第二段说明，在过去的、传统型的社会中，老人一般在自己的家里得
12.B到照料直到寿终正寝的意思是“年老的”
13.Ao senile从文章的最后一段可以看出，作者对于那些疗养院是持批评的态度，用的
14.Do大多是贬义词如和dumping grounds,poorlypaid,overworked,under skilledo文章讨论的主要话题是不同的感冒病毒对人的影响，所以最合适的题目是
15.Bo“人和病毒二文章并没有提到人们还没有找到任何治疗感冒的良方
16.Do文章第二段开头指出，型病毒不稳定，而且往往会引起大范围的传染病的
17.Bo B传播通过文章的介绍，可以看出，型病毒是这三种病毒中对人类危害的一种，
18.Ao A因为它不稳定，并会造成危害性极大的流感的传播的意思是“袭击”
19.Bo assault。
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