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On BeingYour OwnEngineerRalph B.Peck1983OThe occas/on for this shorttaIk was the Civi/Engineering studentsAnnua/Awards Convocation at theUni vers/ty of/11inois onApr i/24,
1976.Parents,fr iends,and wives or husbands of the honorstudents hadbeeninvited to the Convocation./took theoccas i on tospeak tothe wivesorhusbandsas wellas tothestudents whorece/ved thehonors.这篇文章是年月日伊利诺斯州立大学土木工程系学生每年一度的奖励大会上的简短发言O1976724获奖学生的父母,朋友,妻子或丈夫都被邀请出席会议.我参加了这个会议,对这些荣誉学生以及他们的亲朋好友们进行演讲
①Here at this Univers i ty and i nth i s Departmentthat hastra i ned somany outstand ing civil engineers,you haveachieved astandard ofexceI Iencethat results in recognitionatthisHonors Dayceremony Itgives methe greatestpIeasure tocongratuI ateyou on these achievementsooHere in your undergraduatecareer,you havebecome Ieadersin thepursuit ofengineer i ng knowledge,the fi rst essenti a I stepi nbecoming acivil engineer.ExceI Iencei nundergraduate studi escorre Iateshighly with a successfuI engineer ingcareer i n Iateryears I si ncereIy hopethatothe sati sfaction ofa successfuI career continues to beyours andthat thesehonors andrecognitionsthat youso r ightful lyrece ive todaywi I I beonly thefirst ofmany satisfactionsthat wi I Icometo youin your practice of civil engineer ing.
①这所大学,这个系,培养了很多优秀的土木工程师,你们达到了优秀的标准,从而在今天这个值得庆贺的日子,得到认可这就给了我莫大的荣幸来祝贺你们取得的成就在你们的本科学习,在追求工程知识的过程中,你们成为了佼佼者,这是成为土木工程师的第一个基本步benefit assessmentsof civil engineer i ng workabove and beyond thedollar cost—benefits.Progressi n these di recti onswi I I bethe chaI Ienge and the greatach i evement of your generation,andit isan excitingprospect.But tosucceed,you must be fuI Iy prepared,not poorer,but bettergroundedtechnical lythan yourpredecessors.In nextten years,the choicesyou make andtheexper iencesyouget wi I I be crucial.As HonorStudents,you havetaken thef i rst necessarystep withskill anddistinct ionAl Iof us,your teachers,your partners,your husbands,wives,and fr iends wi shoyou evengreater success i n the future I ndeedyou mustsucceed,orthi s worId wi I I be apoorerpI acerather thana ri cherpI acei nwh ich to Ii veo⑩你们这一代人有着最激动人心的前途一点也不要相信技术将来比其用途更有生命力幸运的话,你要考虑的不仅仅是技术.在积极的方面,你需要成为一个真正的环保主义者,生态学者你也将需要参与评定一个工程是否超出预算.这些进展对你们这一代来说不仅会是挑战和成就,而且意味着很光明的未来但是对于成功,你应该完全准备好,要比你的前辈们有更精湛的技术在今后的十年里,你们的选择和经历将会至关重要.作为优秀生,你们已经完成了第一步,并且成就非凡我们所有人,包括你们的老师,父母,伙伴,都希望你将来能够更加成功你们一定要成功呀!否则我们这个世界将会成为你居住的贫困地狱而不是富裕天堂骤本科学业的优秀与今后工程事业的成功高度相关我衷心希望事业成功的成就感继续与你相伴,你今天理应得到的这些荣誉和认可,将只是今后你获得的许多成就感之一.
②Yet asuccessfuI undergraduatecareer i s notalways or inevitably foI I owedby Ieadershipin your profession.In achanging worId,in adynamic professionsuch ascivilengineer i ng,how canyouto be sure todaythat you wi I Ibe among the Ieaders ofyour profession20or30years fromnowHow canyou evenbesureto pickthe branch of civilengineeri ng,the particularkind ofwork thatyou wi I I actua I I y I i kethe bestor havethe mostaptitude forDo youdare I eave thesemattersto chance,do youdare Ietnature simplytake itscourseNobody canpredict thefuture andnobodycan guaranteesuccessi n thefuture But there are,nevertheI ess,many positivethings youcan dotoshape yourown careerI shouldI iketo thinkabout someof thiswith youtoday.o
②然而,一个成功的本科学习并不总是或者必然成为职业中的佼佼者在一个变化的世界,在一个动态的职业如土木工程,今天你怎么可以确保在20到3年后,你仍然是你职业中的佼佼者?你甚至能否确任你将从事土木工程,这一你最喜欢或是最有前途的职业?你敢让这些问题任其发展,你敢让它顺其自然吗?没有人能预测未来,谁也不能保证未来的成功尽管如此,但你仍然可以做一些积极的事来塑造自己的职业生涯我今天想与你去探讨一些问题.
③I believe everyengineer,perhaps evenwhi Iean undergraduatebut certainlyupon graduati on,needs toform andfol Iow h i sown p I an for thedeve Iopment ofh i s profess i ona Icareer.Perhaps it i san unp I easantthought,but Ibe I ieveit i s on I yreal isticthat nobodyeIsei s quite asinterested in your careeras youyourseIf shou Id be.If youdon11pI anit yourseIf,iti squiteposs ibIe thatnobody wi I IOn the other hand,there aretoo manyfactors,there areotoomany changesin adynamic professionto permitlaying outa fixedp I an Thep I an that you fololowmust bef I ex ib Ieand it mustcontinual lybe evaIuated.
③我相信每一位工程师,甚至一个肯定能毕业的本科生,需要制定和实践自己的职业生涯发展计划也许这是一个不愉快的想法,但是我相信这是唯一现实的,没有人会像你自己对你的事业那么感兴趣.如果你自己不计划,没有其他人会给你做计划的另一方面,有太多的因素,有许多的变化,不会让你在动态的职业中制定一个固定的计划你执行的计划必须是灵活的,它必须被不断地进行评估.@To besure,every careerdepends tosome extenton chance,on the breaks,good orbad.But ifyou havefo I I oweda soundplan,youwi I Ibe readyfor the good breakswhen theycome.Thosewho feeI they have neverhad favorab Ieopportunities usua I I yhavenot beenready andhave notevenrecognized opportunitieswhen theycame.
④确信的是,在面对转机时,每个职业在一定程度上都或好或坏地取决于机会但是,如果你遵循一个健全的计划,那么当好的转机来临时,你将变得主动那些感觉他们从未有过良好机会的人通常都没有准备好,甚至可以说,在机会来临时他们都不会察觉到
⑤Civi Iengineeri ngprojects don t exi sti n the classroom,ori ntheoffice,or in the Iaboratory.They exi st outin the field,in society.They arethe highways,the transitsystems,theIandsIi desto becorrected,the wastedi sposaI pIants to be constructed,thebridges,the ai rports;they have to bebuilt bymen andmach i nes Inmy view,nobody canbe agood designer,oa goodresearcher,a leaderinthecivilengineeri ngprofession unIess heunderstands themethodsand the prob Iems of thebui Iders.This understandingought to be firsthand,and ifyou aregoingto getit,you haveto pIanforit Withoutth i s exper i encei nthe field,your des i gnmaybe impracti caI,your researchmay be i rreIevant,or yourteach i ng maynot prepareyour studentsproperIy for thei rprofession Thereare severaIways in which youcan getconstruct ion exper ience.oOne is bybeing anengineer for a bui Ider,for acontractor.Or on theother hand,you might be aninspector for aresident engineerfor thedesigner orownero Itdoesn tmatter inwhat capacityyouwork,anditdoesn ttake avery longt imeto getworthwh iIeexper iencei nthefield,but sometimesearly inyour career,you shouId pIan to getit.Since therea Iprojects areout therein thefield,youwi I I havetogo wherethey areto get the construct ionexper ience,and youmay havetoput upwithaIittIe inconveniencein orderto getit.
⑤土木工程项目不存在于教室、办公室或实验室里他们存在于生活中,社会中他们是公路,交通运输系统,被防护的山体滑坡,改造的垃圾处理厂,桥梁以及机场;他们必须依靠人力和机器来建立依我看,如果不理解施工方法和建设者的问题,没人能成为土木工程中一位优秀的设计师,优秀的研究人员或者领导这种理解力应该是第一位的而如果你想获得它,你就必须得有计划.没有工地的经验,你的设计可能变得不切实际,你的研究可能没有针对性,或者说你的教学不能使你的学生最好适当的准备.有一些方法可以让你获得建造经验一个是成为建筑或承包工程师.另一方面,你可以成为住宅设计师或业主的房屋检测工程师这与你工作的能力无关,也并不需要太长时间,你就会获得有价值的工地经验,但有时在你的职业生涯早期,你应该为此做计划由于真正的项目存在于外面的工地,你应该到那里去获取施工经验,为了获得经验,你应该吃些苦头
⑥Real prob Iemsofcivi I engineeri ng des i gni ncIudeboth conceptand deta iI.In fact,detai Is oftenmake orbreak aprojecto Abeaut i fuI Iydes igned cantiIever bri dgein VancouverHarborcol lapseddur ingconstructionbecause afew stiffeners wereomitted onthe websof sometemporarysupport i ng beamsSpectacu I ar faiIures such asth isdontaIways follows fromonegIected detai Is,but poordesign,poor engineeri ngoften do.Ibe Ii eveevery civilengineerneeds apersona Iknowledge of the detaiIsof hisbranchofci viI engineeri ng.If he1s goingto be ageotechnica I engineer,for exampIe,he needs to knowamong otherth i ngs exactIyhow borings aremade andsamp Ies takenunder avar iety ofci rcumstancesoIf hes goingtobea structuraIengineer,he needsto know how steeI structuresare actuaI Iy fabri catedand erectedoHe needsto know,inother words,the stateof thecommerc i aIart that pI ays suchaIarge partinhi sprofessi on he need toknowhowth ings are customar iIydone sothat hecan teI Iwhether,ofor exampIe,a commercially ava iIabIe sampI ing too I wi I I do the job ata modestcompetitivepr ice orwhether someunusua ItooI mustbedeve Ioped forthe parti cuIarrequ i rements ofthejob Heneedstoknow,inother words,the stateof thecommercial artthatpIayssuchaIargeopart inhi sprofess ion.heneed toknowhow thingsarecustomari Iydone sothat hecan teI Iwhether,for exampIe,a commerciallyavaiIabIe sampIing tooI wi II do thejob ata modestcompetitivepr ice orwhether someunusuaI tooImustbe deveI oped forthe particularrequ irements of thejob.So itseems tome thatyou shouI dpIan toget th issort ofexperience also:to spendsome timeona drillingrig ifyou pIantobeageotechnical engineer;to work for asteeI fabricator orinadesign officeifyou intendtobea structuraIengineer.
⑥土木工程设计真正的问题包括概念和细节两个方面事实上,细节总是决定着一项工程的成败.位于温哥华海港的一个非常漂亮的悬臂桥,因为在一些支撑梁腹板上没有布置加劲肋,因而在建造过程中发生了坍塌当然,像这样大的事故并不总是由于忽略了细节,还有不良的设计和施工等因素我相信每一位土木工程师都需要个性化的专业知识,这些知识要包含他所研究的土木工程分支中的细节举例来说,如果他想成为一位岩土工程师,他就需要详细了解钻孔是怎样钻的,如何在不同情况下进行采样如果他想成为一位结构工程师,他就需要了解人们是如何拼装和架设钢结构的换句话书说,他需要知道在行业中很重要的商业艺术现状.他需要知道如何按照惯例做事例如,一个买的到的取样工具是否可以合适而有竞争力地来完成工作,或者因为工作的特殊要求,需要制作一些特殊工具所以,我觉得你们应该去获得这种经验,如果你想当一名岩土工程师,那么可以花一些时间在钻孔平台上,如果你想当结构工程师,你可以去钢结构制造厂或者设计所工作.@How canyou getthis var ied experience,these various componentsofciviIengineer ing thatareso di ssimi Iar I think,forthemost part,you haveto doit bychoosing your jobs carefuIIy and changingyourjobif andwhen itseems necessary.You maybe Iuckyinyourvery first job andgoto workfor an organization thatdesigns,that supervisesconstructions,that makesits ownIaboratorytests,that supervisesbor ings,and soon Ifth isshouIdbetrue,you wouIdbeofortunate,but thisisnot usuaIIy thecase.Even suchanorgani zati onmay tendtoIet yougetstuck in onephase of thei rwork,and youmay haveto persuadethem fromtime totime toIetyou workin otherparts of thei ractivities MoreI ikeIyyou wiI Ihaveto changeorganization,possiblyoeven to another partof thecountry orofthewor ldUnfortunately youcan torder thejobs thatoyou want,when youwant them,and whereyouwantthem.But youcan lookat everyopportunity to seei fit fitsinyourpIanand tojudge ifthetime isr ightto makea changeThe breadthof experoienceso importantin aci viIengineer,s backgroundcan,tbeobtained anyother waythan byavar ietyof jobsoravar ietyof activitieswithin agiven job.You oweit toyourseIf andto yourcareertoseethatyougetthisvaried backgroundOn theotherhand,while you,re getti ngothis background,you oughtto avoidbeing ajob—hopper EachofyourempIoyers wiIIhave ani nvestmentoinyouAt Ieast fora while,when youstart toworkforhim,he wiIInot begetting hismoney0s worthfrom you.You owehim areturn onhis investment,you owehim goodwork,and youowe staying withhim areasonabIe minimum timewhile youre getting thatexperience0
⑦你如何才能够得到这些不同的经验,这些土木工程的分支是如何的不同?我想,在一般情况下,你要做到这些,就应该仔细选择工作,如有必要时更换工作也许你是幸运的,第一份工作就进入设计院,监理单位,在实验室做研究,或者是其他如果真是这样,那么只能说你很幸运.但是这并不是常有的事甚至经常有企业会从事他们众多工作中的一项,然后你就不得不一遍又一遍不厌其烦的去说服他们让你从事你所学专业的工作更有可能得更换单位,到国内或是国外的其他地方工作.不幸的是,你不能制定工作(你所需要的)以及工作的时间和地点但你可以盯住每一个机会去看是否适合你的计划并判断“跳槽”的机会是否成熟对于土木工程师背景如此重要的丰富经验只能通过多样的工作和一项工作中的多种任务来获得,除此别无它途你应该感谢你的职业生涯让你得到了那么多经验.另一方面,当你正在吸取这些经验的时候,就不应该跳槽了.你的每一个老板都会对你投资,至少在刚开始工作的一段时间内,他是收不回与他投资的钱相同价值的东西的你欠他投资的回报,你欠他一个努力工作在你获得经验的同时,你欠他一个合理的最短工作时间
⑧On myfirstjob,I hadthegoodfortune tobe workingunder KarI Terzaghi.He hada goodmanyrequ irements,but oneofthemost important wasthat I shouId keepa notebookinwhichI shouIdrecordnot justwhat I had donethat day,but what Ihad seen,what Ihad observed.When Iwent downintoa tunneI head ing,IshouId comeback andsketch how the headingwas beingexecuted andhowit wasbei ngbraced.I soondiscovered thatvery often,when Icame back,I couldnt rememberexact Iy whathad goneon intheheading.I couIdn,t rememberexactIyhowthebrae ing fi ttogether.In otherwords,my eyeshad seenwhat wasgoing on,but mybrain didnt reaIIy register.My powersof observationwere poorBut asI conti nuedto keepthis notebook,Idi scoveredothatmore and more IcouId rememberwhatIhadseen,and moreandmoremy powersof observationdeveIoped,I recommendthistoyou asone wayto makeyour experience moremean ingfuIo
⑧在我的第一份工作中,我有幸在太沙基手下工作,他有相当多的要求,但是其中最重要的是我必须要做笔记,不仅仅只是记录我今天干了什么,而是观察到了什么,学习到了什么当我下到一个隧道的深处,返回时需要对这个工程的施工状况做一个梗概,还要记录它是怎么支撑的不久,我就发现了问题当我返回的时候,我完全记不得了下面的施工状况.我也完全忘记了支撑间详细的连接情况换句话说,我的眼睛看到发生了什么,但是我的大脑却一点都没有记录我的观察能力实在是太差了但是当我开始记录这些笔记的时候,我渐渐地发现我可以记下来我看到的东西了,我的观察力也提升了,我把这一点告诉你们,作为一种使你的实践更有意义的方法.An investment often yearsor soafter yourdegree,including perhapsgraduate studiesas we©II,inaccordance witha carefuIIy pIannedbut offlexible program,wiII goa longway towardassuring successinyourengineeringcareer.Butthereisanother importantaspect tobe cons ideredoAny worthwhiIe careerisdemand ing Itmakes demandon yourtime andeffort,and aI soyour famiIyooAnd thereare otherdemands onyour Iife besidesyour career.Your wifeor yourhusband wiIIhaveher orhis owngoa Is andeven mayaI so havea careerinmi nd.The demandsof othersinyourI i fe andthe fulfiIIment ofthei r goa Is andcareers wiII requi rethat cooperation,adjustment,give andtake Movesfrom onepI acetoanotherwiII requireleaving friends;wiIIrequi rethatyour chiIdren changeschoo Is.Tension andconf Iicts areinevitable andcompromise andreasonare necessaryYou andyour partnerwiII needthe bestpossibIe understanding.Many amarr iageohas foundedonthecareer ambitionsof oneor bothpartners and,converse Iy,many acareer hasfoundedon unreasonabIeor nonunderstandingorfi nanciaI demandsofthepartnero ThereisseIdom aperfectso IutiontothisprobIem,but thereare manygood solutions.The importantthing isto faceup totheprobIems earIyandto keepworking onthem.The bestengineers,Ithinkhaveachieved areasonabIe baIance amongthe irgoaIsinIife Oftenthey cantru Iy saythat theoipartner inIifehas aIsobeen theirpartner intheircareer.r
⑨在你们获得学位后十年左右的投资,也包括可能的研究生学习,遵循一个详细制定但又有灵活性的计划经过一段长的时间,必然会有事业上的成功仍需考虑另一个重要的方面,任何有价值的事业都是需要付出的这就需要你的时间和精力,还有家人的支持但除了事业,你有其他生活上的要求你的妻子或丈夫也会有她或他自己的目标,甚至心中也有一个事业在你的生活中别人的要求,以及他们目标和事业的实现需要合作,调整,给予和采取从一个地方搬到另一个地方会导致我们失去朋友,也会导致你的小孩转学紧张和冲突是不可避免的,妥协和理性也是必要的你和你的伴侣需要尽可能的理解.许多婚姻都建立在一方或双方的职业抱负上,相反,许多人的职业生涯都建立在对配偶不合理以及不可理解的社会和经济要求上对于这个问题几乎没有一个完美的解决方法,但却有很多好的解决方式.最重要的就是很早地正面应对问题,然后持之以恒的对待问题.我认为,一个最好的工程师已经在生活中的目标之间取得了一个合理的平篌他们可以经常发自内心地说,他们生活中的伴侣也是他们事业上的伴侣Your generationhas amost exci tingprospecto DontbeIieve fora minutethe©prophec ies thattechno Iogyhas outIi vedi tsusefuIness.You wiIIhave,fortunate Iy,much moretoconsider thantechno Iogy.You wiII needtobetrue conservationi sts,true ecologists inthe positivesense YouwiIIneedtobeinvoIved inthesoc iaI costo。