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Module12Save ourworld语法专项英语构词法Unit3构词法就是按照一定规律来创造新词的方法学习英语构词法基础知识很有用,不仅使我们深刻理解英语单词的形成规律,还可以让我们学会举一反三,更巧妙地记忆单词,扩大词汇量英语构词法主要有三种转化法、合成法和派生法其中,合成法也叫复合法转化法
1.英语中,有些单词兼有多个词性把一个单词由一种词性转换为另一种或几种词性而词形不变,但有时候会有发音方面的细微变化主要是重音的转移这种构词方法就叫转化法1名词转化为动词书预定book n.book v.后背―寺支持back n.back v.手交给护士护理hand n.hand v.nurse n.nurse v.水浇水water n.water v.drink v.喝drink n.饮料2动词转化为名词看看look vlook n.说话谈话talk v.talk n.walk v.走路walk n.步行,散步尝试试图,努力try v.try n.go v.去go n.尝试,努力3形容词转化为名词明亮的光,光线light adj.light n.正确的正当;权利;右边right adj.right n.错误的坏事;错误的或不公平的行为wrong adj.wrong n.年轻的年轻人young adj.young n.the young年老的老年人old adj.old n.the oldA.safe B.safely C.save D.safety
41.Could Iuse yourputer tosend anemailSure,but youmust waita fewminutes.I someinformation aboutEaster.B.downloadC.am downloadingD.was downloadingA.downloaded
42.You lookexcited.What happenedIsaw arabbit andran thefield afterit.A.through B.cross C.across D.crossing
43.Although theold manlives hedoesnt feelat all.A.by himself,alone B.alone,lonelyC.lonely,alone
44.Why doyou likeIthink itis greatfun.A.act B.acts C.action D.acting
45.What madeJames soHecouldnt findhis ticketanywhere.A.dangerous B.successful C.careful D.upset
46.Pm that they invitedme totheir partybecause Idon!t knowthem well.A.interested B.interesting C.surprised D.surprising
47.Classmates inour gradea bigfamily.Everyone reallyliving ina place__________that.A.are like;likes;like B.like;likes;is likeC.are like;like;likes D.like;is like;likes
48.My classmateSandy oftena lotand feelsher examresultsA.worried,worried B.worries about,worryC.worries,worried aboutD.worries,worries about
49.Columbus*(哥伦布)__was quitean eventin theworld.A.discover B.discovery C.discovered D.discoveries
50.All livingthings shouldbe respected,plants andanimals.A.include B.including C.includes D.included题组能力提升练B单句语法填空用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空本大题共10小题,共分
51.I wantto be a goodsing likeHan Hong.
52.With thehelp of the teacher,there hasbeen a great inher spokenEnglish.improve
53.Jack playsthe violinvery well.He will beaviolin in the future.
54.In China,people usuallyeat traditionfood onspecial days.
55.The winof thisyears YoungStar Awardis Daniel!Well done!
56.We allknow thatChinese hasthe mostin theworld,speak
57.Its ofTom topush inbefore othersin public,polite
58.More andmore peoplelike tobuy bookson theInternet asthe bookson theInternet areexpensive
59.English usuallysay Excuseme beforeasking fbrhelp,speak敲
60.It isto gointo aperson*s roomwithout knockingatthedoor first,polite
(4)形容词周I」词转化为动词放慢slow v..慢的slow adji=使完美perfect v.完美的perfect adj.better adj./adv.更好®better v.使更好,改善,改进在外赶出,驱逐out adv.outV.enough adj.足够的enough adv.足够地
(5)形容词转化为副词长的;长久的长久地long adj.long adv.直的直地straight adv.straight adv.硬的;困难的;努力的努力地;猛烈地hard adj.hard adv.
2.合成法/复合法由两个或两个以上独立且意义不同的单词连在一起合成一个新词,一般来说,前一个词修饰或限定后一个词,这种构词法叫做合成法,也叫复合法合成的词叫合成词或复合词合成词一般看其词,知其意
(1)合成名词•名词+名词weekday(工作日),weekend(周末),newspaper(报纸)•代词+名词shewolf(母狼),shegoat(母山羊)•形容词+名词blackboard(黑板),freshman(大一新生)•副词+名词overcoat(外套),downstairs(底楼,楼下;此词还可做adj.或adv.)•动词+名词typewriter(打字机)•动名词+名词readingroom(阅览室),swimmingpool(游泳池)•名词+动名词handwriting(书写),sightseeing(观光,游览)•动词+副词breakthrough(突破),gettogether(聚会)•副词+动词outbreak(战争、疾病等爆发),oute(结果,效果)•名词+介词+名词(婆婆)(主编)motherinlaw editorinchief
(2)合成动词•名词+动词(看孩子)(梦游)babysit sleepwalk•形容词+动词(粉刷)whitewash•副词+动词(数目超过),(过度工作),(低估)outnumber overworkunderestimate
(3)合成形容词•名词+形容词(世界著名的),(免税的)worldfamous dutyfree•形容词+名词(大规模的),(长期的)largescale longterm•副词+形容词(过度焦虑的),(长青的)overanxious evergreen•名词+过去分词(人造的),(手工的),(国有的)manmade handmadestateowned•名词+现在分词(爱好和平的),(讲法语的)peaceloving Frenchspeaking•形容词+现在分词(好看的),(随和的)goodlooking easygoing•副词+过去分词(受过良的),(著名的)welleducated wellknown•副词+现在分词(努力工作的),(广泛的)hardworking farreaching•形容词+名词(热心的),(心不在焉的)+ed warmheartedabsentminded•数词+名词(三条腿的)(十层楼高的)+ed threeleggedtenstoried•数词+名词+形容词(八岁大的)(七百米长的)eightyearold700meterlong
(4)合成副词•形容词+名词(与此同时),(不管怎样)meanwhile anyway•形容词+副词(到处,处处),(任何地方),(任何地方都不,无处)every whereany wherenowhere•副词+副词(然而,但是)however
(5)合成代词•代词宾格+self7selves himselfherself itselfthemselves•物主代词+self7selves myselfourselves yourselfyourselves•形容词+名词anything nothingeverything somebodyanybody nobody
(6)合成介词•副词+名词inside outside•介词+副词without within•副词+介词into派生法
3.英语构词法中,在一个词根前面或后面加上一个词缀构成一个新词,这种构词法叫派生法加在词根前面的词缀叫前缀,加在词根后面的词缀叫后缀词根承载单词的基本语义■(不,表否定)----os,(能力,能够)bl(可能的,形容词后缀)前缀词根后缀比如的词素分析如下:impossible前缀与后缀的不同作用一般来说,前缀改变词义,后缀改变词性如(可能的)是形容词,(不可能的)possible impossible还是形容词,但词义改变了,是否定前缀,意为“不,这就叫前缀改变词义;再比如(可能im possible的)是形容词,(可能)是名词,是名词词缀,这就叫后缀改变词性possibility ty除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;后缀一般改变词类,而不改变词义,少数后缀也可改变词义特殊情况特殊记,同学们记住词缀总诀前缀改变词义,后缀改变词性常见的前缀和后缀汇总表前缀例词()
①表否定(不好社交的),(匿名的)a nasocial anonymous
②表方位(含有介词(在前面),(在边上),ahead aside等意)(活着的),(睡着的)in,on,at,by,to,with aliveasleep
③表加强(大声地),(唤醒;醒着的)aloud awake离去,相反,不(缺席的),(不正常的)ab absentabnormal反对,抵抗(反对战争的),(抗体)anti antiwarantibody自动(汽车),(自治的)auto automobileautonomous(共同)(共存),(合作)co coexistcooperateen(使处于某种状态)enlarge(使......扩大),enrich(使......富裕),encourage(使.....有勇气,鼓励)(互相,在什么之间)(国际的),(采访,面试)inter internationalinterview(错误地)(错误),(误解)mis mistakemisunderstand(再,又)(重复使用),(回收利用)re reuserecycle(卜面的,次,小)(地铁),(字幕,副标题)sub subwaysubtitle(在上面的,超级)(超市)(超能力)super supermarket,superpower(远,远程)(电视),()tele televisiontelephone(穿过,变)(翻译),(改变,变形,转化)trans translatetransform否定前缀(不,表否定)(不同意),(不喜欢),disagree dislikedisappeardis(消失),(发现,显露)(不discover impossibleim可能的),(没礼貌的)非正式impolite informalin的),(不正确的)(不负incorrect irresponsibleir责),(无可辩驳的)(不公平irrefutable unfairun的),(不开心的)unhappy(不吸烟的),(非人类的)non nonsinokingnonhuman后缀例词(从事某种职业的人)or/eractor,doctor,singer,teacher,driver,farmer(精通某专业的人),ian/ist(音乐家),(历史学家)musician historianartist名词后缀(艺术家)(科学家)(钢琴家),scientist,pianist(某地人),名词后缀(中国人),(日本人)ese ChineseJapanese(雌性,女的),名词后ess(女演员),(女服务员)actress waitress缀(行为过程),名词后ment(协议),(管理,政府)agreement government缀(性质状态),名词后缀(开心,幸福),(疾病)ness happinessillness(动作,过程),名词后tion(教育),)education celebration^^缀(动作过程),名词后缀(讨论),俵达)sion discussionexpression(关系,技能),ship(友谊),(关系/亲戚关系)friendship relationship名词后缀(领导力),(骑马术)leadership horsemanshipty(性质状态),名词后缀difficulty(困难),safety(安全),ability(能力),还是几十的数词后缀ty twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,seventy,eighty,ninety(十几),数词后缀teen thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,eighteen,nineteen(第几),序数词后缀th fourth,fifth,eighth,ninth,twentieth,fortieth(性质),形容词后缀y healthy,wealthy,windy,snowy,rainy,cloudy(修饰物),形容词后缀ing exciting,interesting,relaxing,surprising(修饰人),形容词后缀ed excited,interested,relaxed,surprisedal(・・・・・・的),形容词后缀natural,national,traditional,central(能够的),形容词后缀able fbrtable,enjoyable,valuable,washable(能够的),形容词后缀ible possible,responsible,terrible,sensible(充满的),形容词后OUScurious,dangerous,humorous,mountainous缀协(充满的),形容词后缀1beautiful,colorful,hopeful,useful,meaningful(没有,无),形容词后lesshomeless,hopeless,useless,meaningless缀(方向的),形容词后缀ern western,eastern,southern,northeastern,形容词后缀some handsome,troublesome,awesome形容词后缀ly,friendly,daily,weekly,lovely,lively,lonely副词后缀ly,carefully,happily,quickly,especially,suddenly(材料的),形容词后缀en golden,wooden,woolenen结尾过去分词做形容词broken,stolen,fallen,drunken,spokenen(使变得……),多接在形widen(加宽),broaden(开扩),shorten(缩短),容词之后,动词后缀strengthen(加强),weaken(削弱,变弱)(美化),(净化),(有资beautify purifyqualify方(使…化),动词后缀格)(做,造成),动词后缀(教育)(毕业),(位于)ate educate,graduate locate(意识至)realise/realize U,英式英美式(使…化)ise e(记住),memorise/memorize,动词后缀(全球化)globalise/globalize值同步练习语法专练英语构词法题组基础过关练A单选题(本大题共50小题,共分)
1.Kate isgirl.Shes veryhappy at school.A.a eighteenyearoldB.an eighteenyearoldC.an eighteenyearsoldD.a eighteenyearsold
2.Helen wasthe winneroftherace.We wereproud ofher.A.lOOmetres B.lOOmetre C.100metres D.100metre
3.The documentarydescribes in the future.A.two hours;how Shanghaiwill belikeB.twohour;how Shanghaiwill belikeC.twohour;what Shanghaiwill belikeD.two hour,s;what Shanghaiwillbelike
4.exciting news!We willhave aholiday afterthe exam.A.What an;two monthsB.How an;two monthsC.What;twomonth D.How;two months
5.Look!There isover there.Do youknow himA.a8yearold boyB.an8yearold boyC.a8years oldboy D.an8years oldboy一
6.Hi,Jim!Whafs yourplan一I willbe onholiday.A.a twodayB.a twoday C.a twoday*s D.a twodays
7.Which ofthe followingis apound wordjust likesnowballA.building B.introduce C.weekend D.petition
8.news!Our familywill goto Guilinfor avisitA.What anexcited;six days*B.What excited;six days*C.What anexciting;sixday D.What exciting;sixday一
9.Why areyou sohappy一Because we*ll enjoyholiday.A.seven daysB.a sevendayC.a sevendays
10.young peoplewent tothe theatreto watchthe play.C.Thousands of;130minute D.Thousand of;130minuteA.Thousands of;130minutes B.Thousands of;130minutes
11.Weekday”is apound word.Which ofthe followingis anotherpound wordA.hopeless B.direction C.unfbrtable D.gentleman
12.Our Chineseteacher oftengives usa testbefore class.A.fiveminute B.five minutesC.fiveminutes D.five minute
13.I hearwe willhave aholiday in.A.threeday;three daysB.three days;three daysC.threeday;three days D.three days;threedays
14.Which ofthe following words is formed inthe sameway assnowballA.daily B.actor C.pancake D.discussion
15.Is thetheme parkfar fromhereNo.It isonly abus rideaway.A.twentyminute B.twentyminutesC.twentyminute sD.twentyminutes(合成词)
16.Which ofthe following words isNOT apound wordA.toothache B.weekend C.meaningful D.blackboard
17.Which ofthefollowing wordsisformedthe sameway as“toothache”A.useless B.unusual C.lovely D.weekday(相反的)
18.We cannotadd“im”to to give itthe opposite meaning.A.certain B.important C.fbrtable D.active
19.The weddingdress isinexpensive butwellmade.In theword inexpensive,the inmeans.A.very B.more C.not D.less
20.We canput nun一”before the followingwordsexcept.A.correct B.fbrtable C.certain D.interesting
21.We canadd nimnto togive itthe oppositemeaning.A.certain B.necessary C.fbrtable D.possible
22.Which ofthe followingwords hasa differentprefix tomake ithave anopposite meaningA.active B.honest C.correct D.direct
23.We canput theprefix un“before the followingwordstogivethem theoppositemeaningexceptA.patient B.fbrtable C.happy D.certain
24.You canuse amachine.A.washing;to do some washingB.washes;dosomewashingC.wash;to washesD.washing;to washnothing
25.You shouldn*t yourdaughter athome.She canreceive betteratschool.A.educate;educate B.education;educationC.educate;education D.education;educate
26.—Whafs Annalike一She is.She likesto helpher friends.A.help B.helpful C.helps D.helped
27.George treatseveryone withand warmth,spreading positiveenergy.A.kind B.kindly C.kindness D.kindless(后缀)
28.Which ofthefollowingsuffixes meanswithoutA.able B.fill C.ous D.less
29.Which ofthefollowingwords canadd anlyH toform anadjectiveA.real B.bad C.usual D.friend
30.Tom isnot ingood,because hehas eatinghabits.A.healthy;health B.health;healthyC.health;unhealthy D.unhealthy;health
31.“You mustbe toothers,“the womansaid tome.A.polite;politely B.politely;politeC.polite;polite D.politely;politely
32.—Did youget thepoints atthe meeting一Yes,of course.I listenedall thetime.A.careful enoughB.carefully enoughC.enough carefulD.enough carefully
33.Edison wasagreat.He over10,000during hislife.A.invent,invented,inventions B.inventor,invented,inventionC.inventor,invented,inventions D.inventor‘invents,inventions
34.—The radiosays itis aday today.一Yes.Look!It isheavily now.A.rain;raining B.rainy;rainy C.rainy;raining
35.I wasfloating ina cloudinthesky.A.fortable B.fortably C.fort D.unfortable
36.The girlis verykind.She hastwo brighteyes.A.smile B.smiles C.smiled D.smiling
37.Mr.Harris lookstoday.Hes lookingat everystudent inhis class,even thenaughty boys.A.happily;happy B.unhappy;happilyC.happy;unhappily D.happy;happily
38.The televisionis amachine.A.newlyinvented B.newinventedC.newlyinvent D.newlyinvention一
39.In thewords homelessand useless,the lessmeans.汕A.be fullof B.w outC.very D.can
40.The climbersmade afire duringthe nightin orderto beinthemountain.。