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北京故宫博物院英文导游辞Hello,everyone,Wearenowgoingtopayavisittoaplaceofspecial interest.ThisscenicspotislocatedatthecenterofBeijingandischaracterizedbythousandsofpalatialarchitecturesandpurplewallsaswellasyellowglazedtileroofs-itissimplyaseaofpalaces.Thisistheworld-famouswonder-thePalaceMuseum.ThePalaceMuseumhasservedastheroyalresidenceduringtheMingandQingdynasties,Itwasherethatatotalof24monarchsascendedthethroneandwieldedpowerforsome5OOyears.ThePalaceMuseum,asthemostbeautifulspotofinterestthroughoutBeijin g,isuniqueforitslocationtothenorthwestisBeihaiNorthSeaPark,famousforitswhitepagodaandripplinglake;tothewestistheZhongnahaicentralandsouthsea;totheeastliesthetheWangfujingShoppingStreet;andtothenorthidJinshanPark.StandingintheWanchunEverlastingSpringPavi1ionatthetopofJingshanCharcoalHillPark,youoverlooktheskylineofthepalaceMuseum.AtthesouthernendofthepalaceisTian anmenGateofHeavenlyPeaceandthefamoussquarenamedafterit.ThisisthesymbolofthePeople sRepublicofChina.Aworld-famoushistoricalsite,thePalaceMuseumisontheWorldHeritageListofUNESCOandisanembodimentoforientalcivilization.ThePalaceMuseumisrectangul arinshape,960meterslongfroninorthtosouthand750ineterswidefromeasttowest,coveringaspaceof720,000squaremetersofwhichl50,00Oisbuildingarea.Ithas9000-strongroomsinit.Accordingtolegendthereare
9999.5room-unitsinalLThewholecompoundisenclosedbyalO-meter-hignwallandisaccessedthroughfourentrances,namely,themeridianGateinthesou th,theGateofMilitaryProwessinthenorth,DonghuaEasternFloweryGateintheno rth,DonghuaEasternFloweryGateintheeastandXihuaWesternFloweryGateinth ewest.Oneachcornerthereisaturretconsistedof9roofbeams,18pillarsand72ridge.Encirclingthecompoundthereisa3,800-meter-longand52meter-widemoat,makingthePalaceMuseumaself-defensivecity-within-acity.ThePalaceMuseumwasmadeacenterofruleduringtheMingDynastybyZhunDi,ThefourthsonofthefoundingemperorZhuyuanzhang.Thewholecomplexstraddlesonan8-kilometers-1ongcentralaxisthatstretchesfromYongdingForeverStableGateinthesouthtoG ulouDrumTowerinthenorth.Prominencewasgiventotheroyalpowerbyputtingthethreemainfronthalls^and uthreebackhal1sontheaxiswhilearrangeothersubsidiarystrueturearoundthem.TheconstructionofthePalaceMuseuminvolvedmanpowerandresourcesacrossChina.Forexample,thebrickslaidinthehalls,knownas”goldbrick,“underwentcomplex,two一dozenprocesses.Asthefinaltouch,thefiredbricksweredippedinChinesewoodoil.Involvingcomplicatedprocessesandhighcost,thesebrickarecalled goldenbricks.”ThePalaceMuseumservesasalivingembodimentofgoodtraditionandstylesuni quetoChinasancientarchitecture.ItreflectstothefulltheingenuityandcreativityoftheChineseworkingpeople.Acarefullypreservedandcompletegroupofroyalresidences,thePalaceMuseumisaprominenthistoricalandtouristsite.WhatwearenowapproachingisthemainentrancetothePalaceMuseum-theMeridianGate,whichischaracterizedbyredwalls,yellowglazed-ti1eroofsandupturnedeaves.Ontopofthiswalls,yellowglazed-tileroofsandupturnedeaves.Ontopofthismagnificentbuilding,therestandfiveloftyhallswithamainhallinthecenter.Themainhallisroofedbymultipleeavesandcoversaspaceof9room-units.Itisflankedbytwowingsoneachside.Thewingsaresquareinshape,completewithmultipleandfouredgedeavesandpinnacles.Allofthesestructuresareconnectedbyacolonnade.Becausethesehallsresembleasoaringbird,itwasalsoknowaswufenglouFive-phoenixTower.Insidethemainhallthereisathrone.Drumsandbellswerestoredinthewings.WhenevertheemperorpresidedovergrandceremoniesorobservedritesintheHailofUpremeHarmony,drums,bellsandgongswouldbestrucktomarktheoccasion.Asthelegendgoes,theMeridianGateusedtobeaplacewherecondemnedrankingofficialswouldbeexecuted.Thisnottrue.However,floggingwascarriedoutherebytheMingemperors,Ifacourtierfallsafouloftheemperor,hewouldbestrippedofhiscourtdressandfloggingwithastick.Atonepointthepunishmentbecaniesoharshthatatotalof11peoplediedfromfatalwoundonasingleoccasion.Ontheotherhand,thisbuildingwasalsousedtoobserveimportantoccasionslikethetraditionalChineseLanternFestival15thdayofthefirstlunarmonth.Ontheseoccasions,ChineselanternswouIdbehangedandsumptuousbanquetswouldbegiveninhonourofthewholecourtofministersandotherrankingofficials.UponenteringtheMeridianGatewebeganourtourofthePalaceMuseum.TheriverfoowinginfrontofusisknownasJinShuiHeGoldenWaterRiverandthef ivemarblesbridgesspanningitareknownasthelnnerGoldenWaterBridges.Theoninthemiddlewasusedexclusivebytheemperoranditsbanisterswerecarvedwithdragonandphoenixdesigns.Thebridgesflankingtheimperialonewerereservedforprincesandotherroyalmemb ers.Therestwereusedbypalatines.Asidefromdecoration,thegoldenWaterRiverwasalsodugasprecautionagainstfire.MostofthestructureswithinthepalaceMuseumaremadeofwood.Whatismore,accordingtoancientChinesecosmology,theSouthistheabodeoffire,sothisbrookwasdugonthesoutherntipofthePalace.Inthisway,thePalaceMuseumreflectstraditionalChineseculture.ThisbuildingiscalledtheGateofSupremeHarmony.Intheforegroundstandtwobronz elions.CananybodytellwhichismaleandwhichisfemaleTheoneontheeastplayingw ithaballismale,symbolizingpoweranduniversalunity.TheotheronthewestwithacubcuddlingunderneathitsclawisfemaleTheoneontheeastplayingwithaballismal e,symbolizingpoweranduniversalunity.Theotheronthewestwithacubcuddlingunderneathitsclawisfemale,representingprosperitytheendlesssuccession.AlayoutofthePalaceMuseumispostedbytheentrance.Fromit,youcanseethatthePalaceMuseumhastwomainpartstheforecourtandtheinnercourt.Thethreemainhallsconstitutethemainstayoftheforecourt,anditwasherethattheemperorannounceddecisionsandobservedrites.Behindtheforecourtthereistheinnercourt,consistingofmajorhallsandthelmperialGarden.Itwaswheretheemperorattendedstateaffairs,livedandenjoyedhisluxuriouslife.TheexhibitionsystemofthePalaceMuseuminvolveshistoricalcourtrelicsandarticlesofancientartandculture.ThePalaceMuseumhousesnearlyonemi11ionarticlesofraretreasure,oronesixthofthetotalnumberinallofChina smuseums.TherearethethreemainhallsofthePalacemuseum,builtonatrip1emarbleterrace.SincemostofChina sarchitectureismadeofwood,thebuildingscannotbetootall.Togaintheheightofthearchitecture,ingeniousancientartisansbuiltthehallonagiganticstoneterrace.Itisalsotothisendthatnotasingleplantwasgrowninthesquare.0nstairwaysoftriplemarbleterracetherearel8bronzetr ipods.Theverandahisflankedbybronzetortoisesandcranes,whichservedassymbol soflongevity.Ontheeastisasundial,anancienttimepiece.Onthewestthereisagrainmeasuresuggestingthattheemperorwasjustandequitable.Inthefrontandoneachflank,thereisapairofgiltbronzevatscaldronsmoldedduringthereignofEmperorQianlongoftheQingDynasty.Eachoftheseweights2tonsandi sfi1ledwithwaterasaprecautionintheeventofaf ire.ThestructureintheverymiddleistheHal1ofSupremeHarmony,alsoknownasthethronehall.Itis64metersinwidthandis38metersfromentrancetorear.Withterraceexclusive,thehallis
26.92metersinheightandis
35.03metersinall.Coveringandareaof2,377squaremeters,theHal1ofSupremeHarmonyisChina slargestexitingwoodenstrueture.Thehal1issupportedby6thick,roundpi1larscarvedinadesignofcoi1ingdragons.Astheholiestplaceinthehall,thecei1ingandcoloredpatternsweremadeofthefinestmaterialavailableatthattime.Thethronewasplacedonaterraceandisflankedbystatuesofelephant s,Luduanaunicornwhichcouldtravel18,OOOkilometersadayandunderstandalIlan guages,cranesandincensebarrels.Overthethronethereisthecaisson,orcovered ceiling,whichconsistsofacoilingdragonplayingwithaballinitsmouth.ThisballisknownasXuanyuanMirror,andwassupposedlymadebyaChineseemperorofremotetimestoserveasareminderthattheerulerstofollowerehishereditaryheirs.Thethroneismadeofnanmuandpaintedingold.Magnificentlybuiltandluxuriouslydecorate d,thishalldidnotserveasaplaceinwhichtheemperorattendedtodailyaffairs.Heusedhishallformajoreventssuchashisbirthday,conferraloftitleofempressordispatchofgeneralstowar.BehindtheHallofSupremeHarmony,theresitstheHallofCompleteHarmony.Thisstructureissquareinshape.Eachsideis
24.15meters.ThiswastheplacewheretheemperorrelaxedandgreetedhiscourtiersbeforeproceedingtothehallofsupremeHarmonytoobserverites.Thiswasalsotheplacewheretheemperorpreparedprayersorexaininedseedsandsowersbeforeheattendedancestralsacrificesorparticipatedinsnowingeeremonies.AgrandceremonywasalsoheldhereonceeverylOyearsfortheemperortogenealogizetheroyalblood.TherearetwosedanchairsondisplayinthehalL BehindtheHallofCompleteHarmony,youwi1IseetheHallofPreservingHarmony,whichwasusedasaplacewhereimperialexaminationswereheld.Theimperialexaminationwasthehignest1evelofcompetingformeritoriousappointmentunderthefeudalsystemdatingbacktotheSuiDynasty.China slastiinperialexaminationwasheldinl904duringthereignofEmperorGuangxuoftheQingDynasty.Totherearofhallthereisamarblerampcarvedwithcloudanddragondesigns,thelargestofitskindinthewholecountry.It isl
6.57metersinlength,
3.07metersinwidth,
1.7metersthickandweighs250tons.ItwasquarriedinFangshanCountyinsuburbanBeijing.TobringthisgiantpieceofstonetoBeijingpeoplepouredwaterontotheroadandappliedrollingblocksduringthep rocess.WearenowstandingbeforethesquareoftheHallofHeavenPurity.Itservedasadivideseparatingtheforecourtfromtheinnercourt.ThisbuildingisknownastheGateofHeavenlyPurity.EmperorQianlongheldcourthere.Proceedingfurthernorth,youcanfindthreemainrearhalls,i.e.thehal1ofheaven1ypurity.theHallofunionandpeaceandpalaceofearthlytranquility.Thehallofheavenlypurityifflankedoneithersidebytwogatesnamedafterthesunandmoon.Insidetheenclosuretherearel2palacesandhallssymbolizingconstellations.AlloftheotherbuildingsarecenteredaroundthePalaceofHeavenlyPurity,whichwasmeanttosuggestthatthemonarch spowerwasendowedbyHeaven.Theempressandconcubineslivedintheinnercourt.Thehallofheavenlypuritywaswheretheemperorlivedandattendedtodailyaffairs.LatertheemperormovedtoliveinthePalaceofMentalcultivation.LookingupyoucanseeaplaquebearingtheChineseinscription beopenandabove-board,“amanifestotocourtstruggle.Behindtheplaqueastrongboxwasstoredcontainingawi1Ibearingthenameofthewould-beroyalsuccessor.ThisapproachofsecretlyselectingthenextemperorwasadoptedbyEmperorYongzhengoftheQingDynasty.Twocopiesofthewillwereprepared.Onewasstashedbytheemperorinperson,theotherwasplacedinsidethestrongboxbehindthe plaque.Afterthedeathoftheemperor,thetwocopieswouldbecomparedandsuccessorwouldbeannounced.ItwasinthiswaythatEmperorQianglongandothershaveascendedthethrone.BehindtheHallofheavenlypurityyouwi11seethehallofunionandpeace,whichisindenticaltothehallofcompleteharmony.Itwastherethattheemperorreceivedcongratulationsandtributesfromimperialofficialsonmajorcalenderoccasions,Atotalof25imperialsealsarestoredthere.Inthehall,youwillseeaplaquewiththehandwritteninscriptionof“wewei,“exhortingTaoistdoctrines.FurthernorthwardisthePalaceofEarthlyTranquillity,whichonceservedasthelivingroomoftheempresses.Thehal1was1aterconvertedintoasacrif icialplace.Throughthewindowpanesontheeasternwallyoucanseetheroyalbeddecoratedwithdragonandphoenixdesigns.Thishallhasalsoservedasthebridalchamberofmonarchs.TheGateofEarthlyTranquilli ityleadstothelmperialgardenknowntowesternersasQianlongsGarden,whichwasusedbytheemperor,theempress,andtheconcubines.Amagnificentstructurestandsinthemiddle.ItiscalledtheQin sanImperialPeaceHall.ItistheonlybuildinginthePalaceMuseumthatwasbuiItinTaoiststyle.ItservedasashrinetotheTaoistdeity.Thegardencoversaspaceof12,OOOsquaremeters,andisl30metersfromeasttothewestandsome90metersfromnorthtothesouth.There areadozenhalls,verandahs,pavilionsandwatersidehousesinthegarden.Oneachofthefurcornerthereisapavi1iondedicatedtothefourseasonswhichisdifferentinconstractionstyleandshape.Thegardenalsofeaturesanimperiallandscape.Withraretreesandexoticrockery,thelmperialGardenservedasamodelforChinasimperia Iparks.Inall,atotalof10-strongbuildingstyleswereapplied.ThetalIbuiIdingwearenowpassingisthegateofmi1itaryprowess,thebackdoorofthePalaceMuseum.OurvisitisnowdrawingtoaconclusionbutthearchitecturesofthePalacearenot.0ntheothersideoftheroadisthe43-meter-hignCharcoalHill,providingnaturalprotectionfortheForbiddenCity.ThiswasalsoanembodimentofChina sconstruetionstyle-put tingapoolinthefrontandahillintherear.Nowlet sclimbuptoWanchunEverlastingSpringsPavil1ionwherewe HhaveagreatviewofthePalaceMuseum.。