硕士学位英语考试试题

硕士学位英语考试试题PAPER ONEPARTI LISTENINGCOMPREHENSION15MINUTES,15pointsSection A1point each

1.A.He was on vacation.B.He wasmoving furniture.C.He wassick.D.He wasworking fora newcompany.

2.A.He does not understandit.B.He doesnot likeit.C.He isused toit.D.He doesnot have to takeit.

3.A.He is interested onlyin herideas.B.He willnot accept a late paper from her.C.He wantsher tohand inher paperimmediately.D.He willacceptalatepaperfromher.

4.A.In akitchen.B.In agarden.C.At thepictures.D.In anoffice.

5.A.Five B.Four.C.Seven.D.Six.

6.A.She wasexperienced inriding abicycle.B.She wasriding very slowly atthat moment.C.She wasriding anew bike.D.Some passes-by helpher.

7.A.She cantsee.B.Her earswas hurt.C.She canthear.D.Her eyeshurt.

8.A.She feelsthat hewont acceptanything.B.She thinkshe has almost everythinghe wants.C.Shes surehe alreadyhas apocket calculator.D.Shes afraidhe wantsmore thanshe canafford.

9.A.At thejewelry store.B.Down thehall.C.From othercustomers.D.From amachineSection B1point eachQuestion10through12are baseon the following conversation.

10.A.Peters researchpaper.C.A B.Peters composition.library book.D.Peters take-home exam.

11.A.By studyingin thelibrary.C.He B.He was absent thatday.did verywell.D.He didvery poorly.

12.A.Talk to the professor.B.Quit working.C.Get abetter-paying job.D.Try toget ajob on the campus.

13.A.The development of animals.B.The developmentof land animal.C.The originof seacreatures.D.The originof humanbeings

14.A.Stand on their heads.B.Swim backward.C.Move on their fins.D.Swim upsidedown.

15.A.The appearanceof tilefish.B.The sizeand thecolor offish.D.The waythe Fishuses itsfins.C.The waythe fishswims.Question13through15are baseon the following passage.PART IIVOCABULARY10MINUTES,10POINTS SectionA

0.5point each

16.Frank andJauntier askedtheir scienceteacher tosettle thedispute onceand fonall.A.temporarily B.permanently C.cautiously D.decisively

17.The policefound itdifficult toapprehend thecriminal becauseof theincomplete detailssuppliedby thewitness.A.sketchy B.complicated C.stern D.artistic

18.1n orderto maintainphysical well-being,a personshould eatwholesome foodand getsufficientexercise.A.fresh B.stale C.well-cooked D.healthful

19.Not afraidof beingfired,John Smithcontinued todefy theboss.A.avoid B.admire C.oppose D.guide

20.Manypuremetalshave littleusebecausetheyare toosoft,rusttooeasily,orhavesome otherdrawbacks.A.properties B.behavior C.disadvantages D.performances

21.After anumber ofdisagreements withthe committee,the chairmandecided toquit.A.resign B.dismiss C.retire D.desert

22.The experimentshows thiscathode emitselectrons in a controlledenvironment.A.submits B.gives offC.rejects D.passes by.

23.To whatplace arcyou goingto haulthe furniturethat youno longerneed.A.sell B.put C.transport D.paint

24.The zealousdemonstrators wereignored byall themedia of this country.A.passionate B.colorful C.rude D.clever

25.In prehistorictimes,eclipses of the moonand Sunwere probablyterrifying topeople.A.meaningful B.fascinating C.frightening D.helpfulSection B

0.5point each

26.Lisa objectedto wearingher championshippin;she didntwant to be consideredA.obscure B.Vain C.dishonest D.humble

27.The meetingended.when apolice officertold clubmembers that the buildingwasonfire.A.affectedly B.fatally C.exhaustingly D.abruptlyZ

8.Marie faintedin thestore and found herselfin thehospital whenshe.A.came alongB.came backC.came toD.came out

29.The boysknew theybroken therules andregulations,and they were happywhenthey werecalled to the headmastersoffice.A.nothing butB.all but C.anything butD.all too

30.His parentsgave himmany expensivetoys assome formof.for hislameness andinability tolayactive games.A.compensation B.remedy C.treatment D.gratitude

31.The teacherwas.of hisduty,and he was criticizedfor this.A.illegible B.Negligent C.illegal D.negligible

32.What Iam tellingyou isstrictly.Dont letanyone knowof it.A.secretive B.special C.individual D.confidential

33.The beautifulflowers in the vase.hrough lackof water.A.decreased B.sweated C.withered D.ripened

34.Shes always.the wayI dothings,so Ican hardlyget alongwelt withher.A.making thebest ofB.finding faultwithC.coming upwith D.having theadvantage over

35.The younglady speaksso softlythat hervoice is not really.A.fragile B.audible C.brittle D.decentPART IIICLOZE TEST10MINUTES,15POINTSParents haveto domuch lessfor theirchildren todaythan theyused to do,and homehasbecome muchless of a workshop.Clothescan be bought ready36,washing cango tothe laundry,food can beboughtcooked,canned or37,bread isbaked anddelivered bythe baker,milk38onthe doorstep,meals can be hadat the restaurant,the works*canteen and the schooldining-room.Il isunusual nowfor fatherto39his tradeor otheremployment at home,and hischildrenrarely,40,see himat hisplace ofwork.Boys arctherefore seldomtrained to41their fathersoccupationandinmanytownstheyhaveafairwide42of employmentandsodogirls.Theyoungwage-earner oftenearns goodmoney,and soonacquires afeeling of43independence.In textileareasit has44for mothersto goout to work,45this practicehas becomeso widespreadthat theworkingmother isnow anot unusual46inachilds homelife thenumber ofmarried womeninemployment havingmore thandoubled in the lasttwenty-five years.With motherearning and hisold children-draw47wages,father isseldom the48figure that he stillwas atthe beginningof theCentury.49motherwork,economicadvantagesincrease,butchildrenlosesomethingof5valueifmothersemploymentpreventherfrombeinghome togreetthemwhentheyreturnfromschool.

36.A.made B.shaped C.set D.fixed

37.A.deserved B.preserved C.reserved D.conserved

38.A.arrives B.reaches C.transports D.transfers

39.A.persuade B.pursue C.purchase D.persecute

40.A.if everB.if notC.if anyD.if only

41.A.catch B.make C.get D.follow

42.A.distribution B.opportunity C.fate D.choice

43.A.economic B.economical C.personal D.living

44.A.customary B.essential C.fundamental D.unnecessary

45.A.or B.butC.so D.then

46.A.focus B.favor C.factor D.fear

47.A.inaccurate B.substantial C.inadequate D.standard

48.A.negative B.modest C.superior D.dominant

49.A.Even ifB.Though C.Before D.When

50.A.little B.small C.large D.greatPART IVREADING COMPREHENSION45MINUTES,3POINTSPassage OneWeuse emotive language toexpress ourown attitudesand feelings.We alsodirect emotivelanguage at other people to persuade them to believeas wedo or to doas wewantthem todo;and of course,otherpeopledirect emotive languageatus toget usto believeortodowhat they want.Wc arcsubjected toaconstant streamof persuasiondayin,dayout,athomeand inschool,onthe radioand ontelevision.It comesfrom parentsand teachers,from preachersand politicians,from editorsand commentators,but,most of all,ofcourse,from advertisers.Most ofthispersuasion isexpressed inemotive languageand isintended toappeal to our feelingsrather thanto be weightedup byour powers of reasoning.We shouldlook atthe motivesbehind allthis persuasion.Why dotheywanttopersuadeus WhatdotheywantustodoWe arenotthinkingveryclearlyunlesswe trytoseethroughtheveilofwords andrealize somethingof thespeakers purpose.An appeal to emotionisinitself neithergood orbad.Our emotionson thehighest levelsandfrom thebest ofmotives.A casein pointis Churchillswartime speeches:whatever peoplethoughtof Churchillas a politician,theywereunited behindhim whenhe spokeasa nationalleader inthose darkdays theirfeelings respondedto hiscall forresolution andunity.Itisacharacteristicofsocialgroupsthatthemembershaveafeelingofpersonalattachmenttothe group-to thefamily inearliest childhoodand extendinglater to the school,the team,thechurch,the nation,in patternsthat varyfrom time to time.Hence aspeaker fromour groupwillfindinusfeelingsto whichhecanreadilyandgenuinely appeal,whether ourreactionisfavorableor not.Weareat leastopen tothe appealand weappreciate thecontext in which it is made.

51.The myorfunctions ofemotivelanguagediscussed in the passageare toA.extend ourpowersofreasoning andcarry outa purposeB.advertise andproduce thewanted socialeffectsC.show onesFeelings andappealtothose ofothersD.make othersbelieve inus andrespond toour feeling

52.It issuggested in the thirdparagraph ofthis passage that weA.should keepa coolhead whensubjected topersuasions ofvarious kindsB.need tojudge whethera persuasionis madefor goodor badC.havetocarefully useour emotivelanguageD.should avoidbeing easilyseen throughby anappeal fromothers

53.The sourcefrom whichemotivelanguageflows uponus inits greatestamountis______A.the massmedia B.the educationalinstitutionsC.the religiouscircles D.the advertisingbusiness

54.Churchill ismentioned in the passage asA.an example of howpeople weightedup persuasionwith reasoningB.anationalleader whobrought outpeoples bestfeelingsC.a positiveexampleof appealing topeoples emotionD.apoliticianwho has been knownasagood speaker

55.What isNOT mentionedas relevanttoouremotions inthis passageA.Social B.Personal experienceC.The personalityof nationalleaders D.Religious belief

56.It can be inferredfrom thepassagethata persuasivespeaker must.A.find outwhat grouphis audienceis attachedtoB.vary hisspeech patternsfrom time to limeC.know how to adapthis way of speakingtotheneeds ofthe audienceD.be awarewhether thelisteners arefavorable tohis opinionor notPassage TwoAsgoods and services improved,people werepersuaded tospend theirmoney onchangingfrom oldto new,andfound the changeworth theexpense.When anairline equippeditself withjets,for example,its costsand thereforeair farewould goup,but thenew planesmeant such animprovement that the highercost wasjustified.A newcar orwireless,washing machine,electrickcttlemade lifeso muchmore comfortablethan theold onethatthehighcost ofreplacement wasfullyrepaid.Manufacturers stillcry theirwares aspersuasively asever,but arethe improvementsreallyworth payingfor Inmany fieldthings havenow reachedsuchahigh standardofperformance thatfurther progress is verylimited andvery,very expensive.Airlines,for example,gotoenormous expensein buyingthe latestprestige jets,inwhichvast researchcosts wemightlosethechanceofcuttingminutesawayfromflyingtimes:butwouldntitbebettertoseeairfaresdrop dramatically,as capitalcosts becomerelatively insignificantAgain,in thecontext of a70m.p.h.limit,with platoonsof carstraveling sodensely asto controleach othersspeeds,improvementsinperformancearevirtuallyirrelevant;improvementsinhandlingareunnecessary,as mostproduction carsgrip theroad perfectly;and comforthas nowreached avery highlevelindeed.Small improvementshere areunlikely to be worththe thousandsthat anybodyreplacingan ordinaryfamily carevery twoyears mayultimately havespent onthem.Let usinstead havecars-orwireless,electrickettles,washingmachines,televisionsets—whicharemade tolast,andnot to be replaced.Significant,progressisobviously agood thing;but theinsignificantprogression frommodel-change tomodel-change isnot.

57.The authorobviously ischallenging thesocial normthatA.it isimportant toimprove goodsand servicesB.developmentoftechnology makesour lifemore comfortableC.itisreasonable thatprices aregoing upall thetimeD.slightly modifiednew productsare worthbuying

58.According tothis passage,air faresmay risebecause.A.people tend to travelby newairplanesB.the airplanehasbeenimprovedC.the changeis foundto bereasonableD.the serviceonthe airplane isbetter thanbefore

59.According tothe author,passengers wouldbe happierif they.A.could flyin thelatest modelof reputableplanesB.could gettickets atmuch lowerpricesC.see the airlines makevital changesin theirservicesD.could spendless timeflying in theair

60.Whenmanufacturershaveimprovedtheperformanceoftheir productstoacertainlevel,thenit wouldbe.A.justified for them tocut thepriceB.unnecessary forthem to make anynew changesC.difficult andcostly tofurther betterthemD.insignificant forthemtocut downthe researchcosts

61.In thecase ofcars,the authorurges thatweA.cancel thespeed limitB.further improve their performanceC.improvetheirdurabilityD.change modelsevery twoyears

62.The authorscriticism isprobably basedonthefact thatA.we have been persuadedto livean extravagantlife todayB.many productswe buyturn outto besubstandard orinferiorC.inflation isbecoming abig problemin the world todayD.people arewasting theirmoney ontrivial technologicalprogressPassage ThreeRecentstudies onthe male-female wage gap predictthat eventhough entry-level salariesformales andfemales in the sameoccupation arenearly equalbecause womensmarket skillshaveimprovedvastly,thechancesoftheoverallgapclosingintheforeseeablefutureareminimal.This isdueto severalfactorsthat are likely tochangeveryslowly,if atall.An importantreasonisthat women are concentratedin occupationserviceand clerical-that payless thantraditional malejobs.It ispossible thatmore womenthan menin theirtwenties arehesitant tocommit themselvestoayear-roundlifetime careeror jobformanyreasons.There islingeringattitudeonboththepartof womenand theiremployers thatwomenarenot cut out forcertain jobs.Not onlydoes thisattitudechannel womeninto lower-paying work,but italso servesto keepthem fromtopmanagement positions.Another significantfactor in the wideningwagegapbetween menand womenafterenteringthe workforce,evenincomparablejobs,isthatwomenoftendropoutatcriticalpointsintheir careersto have a family.Women stillhave theprimary responsibilityfbr childrearing;evenifthey continueto work,they oftenforgoovertime andpromotions thatwould conflict with homeresponsibilities.The agesof25to35havebeenshown repeatedlyto bethe periodwhen workingconsistentlyand hardis vitalto advancementandjob security.These areprecisely the years whenwomenarelikelyto havechildren andbegin toslide awayfrom menin earningpower.Consequently,a womansincome ismore likelytobeseen assecondary toher husbands.

63.According torecent studiesonthe male-female wagegap.A.there ismuch hopeof narrowingthemale-female wagegap in the nearfutureB.working womenwill havemany opportunitiesto holdhigh-paying jobsin thenear futureC.womens paywill stillstay ata levelbelow thatof meninthenear futureD.salaries formales andfemales inthe same,occupation will be equalinthenearfuture

64.Women arekepi fromtop managementpositions partlybecause theyA.decide todevote themselvesto certainlifetime jobsin theirtwentiesB.are inclinedto rankfamily secondto workC.tend tohave morequarrels with,their employersD.still takean incorrectattitude towardsthemselves

65.Which ofthe followingis impliedinthepassageasa partialreason forwomensconcentration incertain occupationsA.Social divisionof laborB.Social prejudiceagainst themC.Employment lawsD.Physiological weakness

66.The wordforge inParagraph2could best be replacedbyA.give upB.drop outC.throw awayD.cutout

67.It canbe inferredfrom thesecond paragraphthatA.mens jobsare subjectto changeB.women tendtobeemployed offand onatthesame jobC.mens chancesof promotionare minimalD.women usedtobeemployed ailtheyearround

68.Which ofthefollowingstatements isNOT trueA.Womens marketskills haveimproved greatly.B.child careis stillchiefly womenswork.C.Women aretypically employedin clericalandservicejobs.D.Domestic dutiesno longerconflictwithwomens jobs.Passage FourItseems thatthe life ofatelevision reporter is fantasticallyadmired bymany people.Butthis is only oneside ofthe coin.First,he nevergoes deeplyinto anyone subject-he maybe expertatmastering abrief ina shorttimeandgetting upa subject,but aweek laterhe ison tothe nextsubject,andaweek laterstill heisontothesubject afterthat.He seldomgrasps witha full-scaleinvestigation anyone thing.He has tobe able toforget what hewasworking ona fewweeksbefore,otherwise hismind wouldbecome messedup.Second,a reporterdoesnothave anythinglasting toshow forwhat he does-there isnoshelf ofbooks,no studiofull ofpaintings.He pourshis lifeinto somethingwhich flickersinshadowsacrossa screenandisgoneforever.Ihaveseenpeopleinmanytelevisionjobsturnattheend ofwatching oneof theirown programsand saysomething like:Well,thats allthose days/weeks/months ofwork.Travel andworry sunkwithout trace.As awayoflife itcomes to seemlike blowingbubbles-entertaining todo,andthebubbles numerousand prettyto lookat,and alldifferent,but alldisappearing intothin air.Third,the paceofthe life istoo fast.Not onlyis itdestructive ofone,s privatelife;onedoesnotevenhavetime togiveproperconsiderationtothethingsoneisprofessionallyconcernedwith not enough timeto think,not enoughtimetoread,notenoughtimetowrite onescommentary,prepare onesinterviews andso on.When onedisengages fromit andallows onesperceptions,thinking,reading andtherestto proceedat theirnatural paceone getsan altogetherunfamiliarsense ofsolidity andwell-being.Fourth,the reporteris atthe mercyof events.A revolutionbreaks outin Cubaso heis offhereonthenextplane.Somebodyshoots PresidentReagansohedropseverythingheisdoingandfliestoWashington.He islikeapuppetpulledbystrings—thestringsoftheworldsaffairs.Heisnot motivatedfrom within.He doesnot decidefor himselfwhat hewould like todo,where hewould liketogo,whathewouldliketoworkon.He isactivated fromwithout,andhiswhole lifebecomesa kindof reflexaction,a seriesof high-pressure responsesto externalstimuli.He hasceasedto existas anindependent personality.

69.A TV reporter nevermakes anin-depth studyofasubject becauseA.he usuallygets oneside ofthe pictureB.the subjectsthathehastoattend tooften switchfrom oneto anotherC.hedoesnot knowhowto develop itto itsfull-scaleD.that isthelifethat suitshim

70.It isimplied butnot statedthat manypeopleA.know nothingabout thework ofa TVreporterB.think thelife ofa TVreporter dulland boringC.haveabiased opinionagainst thejob ofa TVreporterD.tendtounderestimate thehard partof being a TVreporter

71.TV reporting,according tothis passage,is somethingA.profitable fora person to takeupB.interesting todo butquick tofade outC.causing apersontoforget hisprevious workD.producing alasting effect

72.A TVreporterisin mostneed ofA.beingamaster of his timeB.proper considerationofhisprofessionC.a comfortablelifeofhis ownD.disengaging himselffrom work

73.The activitiesofa TVreporterare largelygeared toA.his motivationB.his workingstyleC.current affairsD.reflex topressure

74.The titleofthis passage wouldbestbegiven asA.What aTV ReporterCan andCannot AccomplishB.The Sorrowsof TVProfessionalsC.The ConfessionofaTV ReporterD.The DrawbacksintheLife ofaTVReporterPassage FiveTheurge toexplore isinnate inMan.Wherever hisimagination wanders,Man seeksalsotogo.Alargepartofhistoryisconcernedwiththeexplorationoftheworldinwhichwelive.Timeand againmen haveset outwith amazingcourage andresolution toprobe intounknown regionsandlands.They crossedthe seasin flimsyboats,traversed continents,scaled mountains,foughttheir waythrough junglesand swamps,endure untoldhardships-all toexplore,toseewhat hadnotyet beenseen,tomakeknown the unknown.Nor didMan confinehis movementsto thesurfaceof landand sea.With kitesballoons andaircraft heleft theground torange throughthelower atmosphere.Now outerspace receiveshis attention.The hardway toanswer thequestion,why shouldMan botherabout conqueringspace,istoattempttolistthespecificpracticalbenefitsthatwillresult.Oneknows,frompastexperienceinother areas,that Manwill surelysee anddiscover newthings inspace,that willincrease ourstoreof scientificknowledge,and thisnew knowledgewill findits wayinto valuablepractical uses.Whatwe learnaboutManhimself,fromhisexperienceinspace,andfromtheeffectsof spaceandthespace flightenvironment onhim,willbeinvaluable.The newtechniques developedto carryoutthe explorationof space,and tokeep menalive inspace,will inevitablyfind theirway intovaluablepractical usesin everydayliving.The areasthat willbenefit aremanifold.They includecommunications,generationofpower,transportationandtravel,foodproduction,conservation ofresources,navigation,human comfortand welfare,biology andmedicine,materials,fuels andmanyothers.But tostate specificallyjust whatthe practicaloutcomes willbe isvirtuallyimpossible.

75.Exploration ofthe unknownA.often resultsin Manspower ofimaginationB.isnotcommon throughouthuman historyC.is generallysought afterby menwith courageand strengthD.is deeplyrooted inthe instinctof Man

76.Which ofthefollowingbest sketchesthe process of Mansprobe intotheunknownworldA.Surface ofthe earth,theairand spaceB.Waters,mountains andforestsC.Walers,mountains andforestsD.Urge,imagination andcourage

77.The benefitsof space exploration arcbasically somethingA.well-specified B.hypothetical C.practical D.inevitable

78.According tothis passage,the valueof exploringthe outerspace willultimately lieA.its testimonyMans courageand resolutionB.the knowledgeit mayhelp usto gainabout ourearthC.the resultsit maybring aboutintheinterests ofManD.Mans masteryof techniquesto flyand stayalive inspace

79.From thispassage wecan concludethat Manshould haveconfidence inexploring spacebecauseA.we havedirected ourattention tothe rightobject ofstudyB.we haveaccumulated experiencefrom previoussuccess toother fields.C.we havefoundthecoirect answertothequestion ofwhy Manshould botheraboutconquering spaceD.we havealready madeit possiblefor peopleto benefitfrom hisendeavor

80.The ideaexpress inthispassagecanbeuse inan argumentA.in favorof criticismon spaceexploration.B.against spacingmillion ofmoney onspace argument.C.supported ofparalleling mansconquest withof space.D.to justifyspaceexplorationwith itsfor reachingsignificant inlife.PAPER TWOPARTV TRANSLATION40MINUTES,20POINTS SectionA20minutes,10pointsDirections:Put thefollowing passageinto Chinese.Write yourChinese versionon AnswerSheetII.Many storiesinthehistory ofscience showthat chanceplays adefinite partin scientificdiscovery.However,a furtheranalysis ofthese storiesalso revealsthat chancealone isnotsufficientforfindingsofprimaryimportance.Scientificdiscoveryalsodependsonhowascientistutilizesaccidental opportunities.To ensuresuccess,a scientistmust,firstof all,beableto reactinapositive mannerto unexpectedand evenapparently adverseresults,taking themas stimulationforfurther investigation.Secondly,he mustpossess asuperior powerof observationto recognizethesignificance ofthose phenomenawhich oftenseem trivialand,therefore,may easilyescapenotice.This powerof observationconsists ina dualquality ofbeing sensitiveto,and curiousabout,small accidentaloccurrences andof possessinga frameof referencecapable ofsuggestingthetruesignificanceof thosephenomena.Finally,heshouldbeequippedwiththecapacitytoplanand undertakecareful andsystematic experimentation.Section B20minutes,10pointsDirections:Put thefollowing passageinto English.Write yourEnglish versionintheproperspace onAnswer SheetII.为了解决人类在发展过程中出现的较为难以解决的问题，全球范围内最优秀的科学家，有必要开展有效的合作这种必要性首先可以从资金的角度得到合理的解释；其次，当许多不同类型的科学家相互密切联系在一起的时候，科学进步的速度就会加快.这种进步在不同学科的“交叉地带”尤为活跃.PART VIWRITING30MINUTES,10POINTSDirections:Write ashort essayin noless than120words onthe topic:On CollegeStudentsTaking Part-time JobsItis advisablefor youto baseyour writingon Thefollowing points:1The advantages2The disadvantages3Tour conclusionand suggestionsKeyFor YourReferencePart IListening Comprehensionl.C

2.B

3.D

4.B

5.A

6.A

7.C

8.B

9.D

10.A

11.C

12.D

13.B

14.C

15.DPart IIVocabulaty

16.B

17.A

18.D

19.C

20.C

21.A

22.B

23.C

24.A

25.C

26.B

27.D

28.C

29.C

3.A

31.B

32.D

33.C

34.B

35.BPart IIICloze Test

36.A

37.B

38.A

39.B

40.A

41.D

42.D

43.A

44.A

45.B

46.C

47.B

48.D

49.D

50.DPart IVReading Comprehension

51.C

52.A

53.D

54.C

55.C

56.A

57.D

58.B

59.B

60.C

61.C

62.D63:C

64.D

65.B

66.A

67.B

68.D

69.B

70.D

71.B

72.A

73.C

74.D

75.D

76.A

77.B

78.C

79.B

80.DPart VTranslation SectionA:English toChinese科学史上的许多事例表明，机遇在科学发明中起到了一定的作用然而对这些事例的进一步分析也揭示了重大的发明仅有机遇是不够的科学发明也取决于科学家如何利用偶然的机会为了确保成功，首先科学家要以积极的态度对意想不到的结果或甚至表面上看来不利的结果做出积极的回应，把它们看作是对进一步研究的激励其次他必须具有出众的观察能力，对那些往往看起来很普通而容易被忽略的现象，能认识到其重要性这种观察能力包含两个方面第一，对偶然发生的小事有敏感性和好奇心；第二，掌握能揭示这些现象真正含义的参考依据此外，他能够严谨而有条不紊地设计和开展实验Section B:Chinese toEnglishIn orderto solvethe ratherdifficult problemsintheprocessofhuman development,it isnecessaryforthemost excellentscientists intheworldtodevelopeffective cooperation.Firstly,its necessitycanberationalized fromthe financingangle.Secondly,the advancementofscience andtechnology canbe spedup whenscientists fromdifferent branchesare closelyconnected.This advancementcanbeactivated especiallyinthecross disciplinesubject areas.。