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中国传统文化语法填空.交子与纸币01Paper moneyis aninvention of the Song Dynasty inChina in the11th centuryCE,nearly20centuries afterthe
1._____________________________early knownuse ofmetalcoins.
2.____________paper moneywas certainlyeasier to carry inlargeamounts,using paper money had its risks:counterfeiting andinflation.At thebeginning of the Song Dynasty960-1279CE,the governmentlicensed specificdepositshops
3.people couldleave theircoins andreceive notes.In the1100s,Songauthorities decided
4.take directcontrol ofthis system,
5.issue the worlds firstproper,government-produced papermoney.This moneywas calledjiaozi.The Songestablished factoriesto printpapermoneywith woodblocks,
6.use sixcolorsof ink.The factorieswere located
7.Chengdu,Hangzhou,Huizhou,and eachused differentfiber mixesin theirpaper
8.discourage counterfeiting.Early notesexpired afterthree years,and couldonly beusedin particularregions of the SongEmpire.In1265,the Songgovernment introduceda
9.true nationalcurrency,printed to asingle standard,usable acrossthe empire,and backedby silveror gold.It was available indenominationsbetween oneand onehundred stringsof coins.This currencylasted onlynine
10.year,however,because theSongDynastytottered,falling to the Mongolsin
1279.答嗓
1.earliest
2.While
3.where
4.to take
5.issuing
6.using
7.in
8.todiscourage
9.truly
10.years翻锌纸币出现在十一世纪的宋朝,比最早使用金属币晚了近个世纪虽然纸币20更容易大量携带,但使用纸币也有风险一一假币和通货膨胀在宋朝的初期,政府开设了专门的存款行,人们在那里可以把金属货币换成纸币在世纪,宋朝朝廷决定直接管控这个行业,发行了世界上第一个政府正式发行11的纸币,这种纸币被称为“交子”宋朝建立了用木板印刷钞票的工厂,用六种颜色的墨水印刷钞票这些工厂分别位于成都、杭州、惠州,每家工厂都在纸张中使用了不同的纤维,以防止造假早期的纸币使用期限为三年,而且只能在宋朝的特定地区使用年,宋朝政府推出了一种真正的全国性货币,用单一标准印刷,在全国范围1265内使用,以金银为背书它的面额在一到一百串铜钱之间然而,这种货币只持续了九年,因为宋朝风雨飘摇,年宋朝被蒙古人推翻1279祠汇解折/假币通货膨胀,通胀率counterfeiting/kau nt0fl tig inflation/in fleiJ n/n.皇家印章最早出现在公元前年在中国古代第一个皇帝秦始皇征服六国并统一中国后,221他下令用玉石雕刻他的第一个皇家印章皇家印章被称为玺,只有当权者使用之后的皇帝便开始使用玉玺,但玉玺的数量根据朝代的不同而变化直到明清两朝,由于艺术不断发展,印章开始从皇家转向个人使用艺术家们开始使用个性化的方式在印章上刻上他们的名字,以表明他们对作品的所有权个人也开始在重要文件上使用个性化印章,这些非官方印章被称为那尸今天,印章被广泛用于标记重要文件词汇解析印章,图章seal/si:1/n,图形motif/mou tif/n.用作象征的,被认为是象征的;有象征意义的尤指symbolic/si m bD lik/adj.status/stei tos/n.在社会中的地位,身份典型地,有代表性地陶瓷typically/ti pikli/adv.ceramic/so*raemi k/n.制品,陶瓷器;制陶艺术,浸,蘸玉玺dip/di p/v imperial seal标明某人姓名的,为某人特制的personalized/p3sonslal zd/adj..后裔射日09Angrily,Hou Yigrabbed onemagic arrowout of his quiverand aimedcarefully.The arrowflewstraight into the heartof the most boastfulsun.Quickly,that sun
1.drop downfrom the sky,burning upin a ballof fire.When hehit theground,the sunturned into a hugeblack crowwith athree-foot wingspan,and thenhe died.The earthimmediately felt
2.cool.Then the Grand Archerstalked the
3.remain suns.Having witnessedHou Yispowers,the othersuns became
4.frighten,and theyscattered across thecountry.However,one byone,theGrand Archer trackedthem down.Each timehe killedone of the suns,the earthcooled
5.far.He shot the secondsun andbillowing cloudsreappeared in thesky.He shotthe thirdsun andmistcurled around the highmountains.He shotthe fourthsun anddewdrops formedlike pearlson everyleaf.He shotthe
6.five sun and springsbubbled out of therocky hills.He shotthe sixthsun andrivers rippledwith leapingcarp.He shotthe seventhsun and
7.branchsprouted lushgreen foliage.He shotthe eighthsun andbuds blossomedon thetrees.He shotthe ninthsunand ricegrass pushedup tendernew shoots.Then HouYi vowedto find
8.very lastsunandbring himtojustice.By now,the landhad cooledso dramatically
9.it wascomfortable for the peasants.They wantedHouYi toquit,but noone daredapproach him.
10.,before theGrandArchercould spendhis lastarrow,a答案brave boysneaked upbehind himand stolethe tenthshaft.
1.dropped
2.cooler
3.remaining
4.frightened
5.further
6.fifth
7.branchcs
8.the
9.that
10.However翻译原文后羿怒气冲冲地从箭筒里抽出一支神箭,小心瞄准箭直射中了最自负的一个太阳很快,他从天空落下,燃烧成一个火球,撞到地面时,变成了一只巨大的黑色乌鸦,然后死掉了这时大地立刻感到凉爽了一些随后,后羿继续跟踪剩下的儿个太阳这些太阳看到后羿的射术后,都很害怕,逃往各地后羿一个接一个地找到了他们他每射掉一个太阳,大地就会凉快一点他射掉第二个太阳,天空中又出现了厚厚的云层;他射掉了第三个太阳,薄雾笼罩着高山;他射掉第四个太阳,每片树叶上都结满了珍珠般的露珠;他射掉第五个太阳,泉水从山中喷涌而出他射掉第六个太阳,河水中出现了跳跃的鲤鱼;他射掉第七个太阳,树枝长出了茂密的绿叶;他射掉第八个太阳,花蕾在树上开花;他射掉第九个太阳,稻草长出了嫩芽后羿发誓要找到最后一个太阳,将他绳之以法地面凉了下来,农民们感到很舒适他们想让后羿停止,但没有人敢接近他就在后羿准备射最后一支箭时,一个勇敢的男孩悄悄走近他,偷走了第十支箭词汇解析弓箭手archer/a tjgr/n.自吹自擂的,自夸的boastful/bou stfl/adj..偷偷接近,潜近;跟踪,盯梢.翻腾薄雾,水汽stalk/st k/v billow/bl IQU/vi mist/mi st/n.露珠;露滴dewdrop/*dju drDp/n.冒泡,沸腾bubble/bA bgl/v.使如波浪般起伏植物发芽,抽条ripple/n p9l/v.sprout/sprau t/v..月牙泉10Just as water andfire areincompatible,neither cana desertand aspring coexist.But,this is not thecaseforthe Crescent Lake
1.is surroundedby theMingsha SandDune.The goldensand hilland thebluelake casta beautifulcontrast in a harmoniousexistence.The CrescentLake is also known
2.theCrescentSpring,Crescent MoonSpring,or YueyaSpring.Itcan beconsidered a natural wonderof theGobi Desert.Just as
3.it nameimplies,the lakeappears likeacrescent moon and withits crystalclear water,
4.resemble apearl inlaidin thevast desert.Some sayitreminds them
5.the eyeof abeautiful woman,lucid,beautiful andamorous.Visitors areable towitness thevariable scenesof the lake fromearly sunriseto sunset.Such as the softglowof sunriseand thesmooth mirrorimage
6.dusk.It isduring thelatter time
7.the lakereflects therosyclouds andgolden dunesof thesurrounding.In theevening,blue neonlight encirclesthelakeresemblingthe moonon theground.Research showsthat themysterious crescentlandform was
8.result ofanaturalwind.Sands
9.fallfrom thesurrounding mountainswould beblown to the otherside of the nearbyEchoing-Sand Mountain.Thus,the sandsdo notsmother thespring.This naturalphenomenon keepsthe sanddunes andspring in a答案
10.harmony andalmost paradoxicalexistence.
1.that
2.as
3.its
4.resembles
5.of
6.at
7.that
8.the
9.falling
10.harmonious翻译正如水火不相容一样,沙漠和泉水也不可能共存但是,对于被鸣沙山包围的月牙泉来说,情况并非如此金色的沙丘和蓝色的湖泊和谐共存,这种反差形成了独特的美景月牙湖又名月牙泉它是戈壁沙漠中的一个自然奇迹顾名思义,它看起来像一轮新月,清澈的湖水就像镶嵌在茫茫沙漠中的一颗珍珠有人说这让他们想起了一个美丽姑娘的眼睛——清澈、美丽、多情游客可以欣赏从日出到日落的湖面变化的场景——比如日出时的波光粼粼光和黄昏时刻如镜子一样的湖面在黄昏这段时间,湖面映出了天上的彩霞和周围金色的沙丘晚上,蓝色的霓虹灯环绕着湖面,就像地面上的一轮弯月研究表明,这一神秘的新月形地貌是自然界的风形成的从周围山上落下的沙子会被风吹到附近鸣沙山的另一边因此,沙子不会把月牙湖埋起来这种自然现象使得沙丘和泉水保持着一种和谐,却又矛盾地存在着词汇解析不相容的,不能共存的;不能和谐相处的,合不来的incompatible/,Inkom paeteb9l/adj.coexist/,同时存在,共存;和平共处暗示,暗指;意味着kau Ig zist/v.imply/1m plai/v.resemble/ri.像,与相似zembol/v易变的,多变的黄昏,傍晚;暮色variable/ve°rigbol/adj.dusk/dA sk/n.现象;杰出的人,非凡的人或事物phenomenon/fo noml non/n.harmonious/ha mounts/adj.和睦的,融洽的;悦耳的;和谐的,协调的盘古开天
11.Pangu is an ancientChinese deityconsidered to be the first livingbeing and
1.create of the world.Emerging from an egg
2.contain theentire cosmos,his birthreleased the universe.盘,古,Pangu iscomprised
3.the Chinese characters panmeaning tocoil”and gumeaningancient.
4.he wasinside theegg containingthe entiretyof theuniverse,Pangu sleptinacurled uppositiondue tospace limitations.Pangu9s name,therefore,denotes bothhis ancientness
5.the unusualcircumstancesof hisbirth.Pangu is an importantfigure to
6.number ofminority ethnicgroups inChina,and eachhas theirownoral versionofhiscreation myth.Modern versions of the myth can
7.trace backto XuZheng,an ancientChineseauthor andgovernment official
8.lived during the ThreeKingdoms period,who was the firstperson
9.record itin writing.In allversionsof themyth,Pangu and theuniverseare describedasemerging froman egg;there arediscrepancies,however,as tohow Pangumanages tofree
10.he and答案how theuniverse isformed.
1.creator
2.containing
3.of
4.when
5.and
6.a
7.betraced
8.who
9.to recordlO.himself翻译盘古是中国古代的一个神,被认为是世界上最早的生物和创造者他从包含整个宇宙的龙蛋中生出来,整个宇宙从此诞生盘古是由汉字的“盘”一盘成一圈和“古古老组成当盘古在包含整个宇宙的龙蛋里的时候,由于空间的限制,他以蜷曲的姿势睡觉因此,盘古之名,既表明了他的古老,也表明了他的特殊出身盘古是我国许多少数民族文化中的重要人物,每个民族都有自己口述的盘古神话现代版本的神话可以追溯到徐正——一位生活在三国时期的中国古代作家和官员,他是第一个用文字记录盘古的人在所有的神话版本中,盘古和宇宙都被描述为从蛋里出来的但是,盘古是如何出来的,宇宙又是如何形成的,不同文化之间存在着差异词汇解析神deity/del oti;di oti/n..卷,盘绕coil/ko I1/v(使)弯曲,卷曲;(使)盘绕,(使)弯弯曲曲移动curl/k31/v.差异,不符discrepancy/diskrepgnsi/n..女婿补天12Niiwa issometimes referredto respectfullyaswahuang whichtranslates literallyas EmpressHuang”.Niiwas motheris the goddess Huaxu
1.became suddenlypregnant whenshe waswandering theuniverseand steppedinafootprint
2.leave by thegodof thunder,Leigong.Fuxi isseen
3.the inventorof hunting,cooking,and the Chinese writingsystem.One versionof thestory saysthat aftershe wasdone,she wasso tired
4.she laydown torest anddiedfrom exhaustion.
5.version saysthat whileshe wasworking,she discoveredthere wasntenough stonetofix thesky,so shesacrificed
6.she touse herbody tofill thelast bits.Either way,order wasrestored toearthand humanitywas able to live
7.peace once again.Although shedid herbest,Nuwa couldntgetthe skyand earth to alignexactly theway it had before.The earthbecame permanentlytilted andthats
8.its said that allof therivers inChina runinaSoutheastern direction.Niiwa isan importantfigure inpopular culture.Though manytemples dedicatedto Niiwaand herbrotherFuxi can
9.find throughoutthe Chinese-speaking world,her most important templeis locatedinHebei Provinceand isseen asthe ancestralshrine ofall humans.March18th of the lunar calendar isthe birthdayof NvWa,so everyyear fromMarch1st
10.18th ofthelunarcalendar;people fromShanxi,Hebei,Shandong andHenan Provincescome toShe Countyon apilgrimageto NvWa.答案l.who
2.left
3.as
4.that
5.Another
6.herself
7.peacefully
8.why翻译
9.be foundlO.to女期也被尊称为蜗皇女婿的母亲是女神华胥,一天她去雷泽游玩忽然看见一个巨大的脚印,她用脚踩了一下,觉得肚子有些不适,于是就有了身孕,生下了女婿的哥哥伏羲,人们认为是伏羲发明了狩猎、烹饪和中国文字有一种说法是女娟补天之后,太累了,于是躺下休息,最后疲劳过度死去另一种说法是,她在补天时发现没有足够的石头,于是牺牲了自己,用自己的身体去补天无论哪种方式,地球恢复到原来的样子,人类能够再次和平地生活虽然尽了最大努力,但是女婿还是无法让天和地像以前一样地变得倾斜,这就是传说中为什么所有的河流都朝着东南方向流淌的原因女姻是现代文化中的一个重要人物,在当代被视为一个历史人物人们能够找到很多供奉女婿和伏羲的寺庙,最重有影响的寺庙位于河北省,被视为人类的拜谒祖先的地方农历月日是女期的生日,所以每年从农历月日到日来自山西、河北、山东和河3183118南的人们来到涉县朝拜女蜗词汇解析.按照字面意义地literally/li toroli/adv.筋疲力尽;耗尽,枯竭使排成一条直线,使平行exhaustion/1g zostf on/n align/o lain/v.shrine圣地;神殿/J rain/n..敦煌莫高窟
131.carve into the cliffsabove theDachuan River,the MogaoCaves south-east of the Dunhuangoasis,Gansu Province,comprise the
2.large,most richlyendowed,and longestused treasurehouse ofBuddhistart in the world.It first
3.construct in366AD andrepresents thegreat
4.achieve ofBuddhistart from the4thto the14th century.The groupof cavesat Mogaorepresents
5.unique artisticachievement bothby theorganization ofspaceinto492caves builton fivelevels andby theproduction ofmore than2,000painted sculptures,and
6.approximate45,000square metersof murals,among
7.are manymasterpieces of Chinese art.For1,000years,from theperiod of the NorthernWei Dynasty386-
5348.the YuanDynasty1276-1386,the cavesof Mogaoplayed adecisive role
9.artistic exchangesbetween China,CentralAsia andIndia.The paintingsat Mogaobear10exception witnessto thecivilizations ofancient China答案during theSui,Tang andSong dynasties.
1.Carved
2.largest
3.wasconstructed
4.achievement5,a
6.approximately
7.which
8.to
9.in lO.excepti翻译onal莫高窟位于甘肃敦煌绿洲东南部的悬崖峭壁上,是世界上规模最大、资源最丰富、时间最久远的佛教艺术宝库它始建于公元年,代表了世纪到世纪佛教艺术的伟大成就366414莫高窟代表了独特的艺术成就,它由洞窟构成,上下共分五层彩塑多身,壁画4922000万多平方米,其中有许多是中国艺术的杰作
4.5从北魏到元朝,一千年来,莫高窟在中国、中亚和印度的艺术交流中发挥了决定性的作用莫高窟的绘画是隋、唐、宋时期中国古代文明的杰出见证词汇解析.雕,刻carve/ka:v/v捐赠,资助endow/1n dau/v.艺术的,艺术家的;有艺术鉴赏力的,有艺术天赋的;有艺术性的,精artistic/a,ti stik/adj.美的代表作,杰作masterpiece/ma:stopi s/n.果断的,决断的;决定性的,关键的;decisive/disal siv/adj.飞天14Flying Asparas,the symbol of Dunhuangart,are scatteredin allthe
5001.grotto ofDunhuang area.They arean embodimentof Gandharva,the Godin charge of holysongs and dances,and Kimnara,theGod inchargeof
2.entertain.They,husband andwife,were
3.original Godof entertainmentand Godof songsanddancesin Indianmythologyand were
4.late convertedto theDemi-Gods andSemi-Devils byBuddha.Resting inflowerpedals
5.flying in the heavenlyparadise,Gandharva was responsible tospread scentin theBuddhistworld,present flowersto Buddhas,and offertreasure;while Kimnarawasresponsible
6.music anddancein theBuddhist world.He wasnot permitted
7.fly inthe heaven.Later onGandharva andKimnara
8.mix together,without distinguishablegender andduty.Theybecame oneintegral partas Flying Asparas.9present,the one playing musicin earlystage is calledParadise Musician;the10oneplayingmusic instrumentsingingand dancingiscalledFlyingAsparasMusician.答案
1.grottoes
2.entertainment
3.originally
4.later
5.and
6.for
7.to fly
8.weremixed
9.At
10.other翻译敦煌地区的个洞窟中都能看到飞天,它是敦煌的象征飞天所画的神是掌管歌舞的乾500阔婆和掌管娱乐的紧那罗的化身夫妻二人原本是印度神话中的娱乐之神和歌舞之神,后来被佛改为为半神半魔乾阚婆坐卧在花瓣中,在天空中飞翔,传送香味,向佛陀献花、献宝而紧那罗负责音乐和舞蹈,他不被允许在空中飞行后来乾阔婆和紧那罗融为一体,没有性别和责任的区分它们成为了飞天的一部分早期演奏音乐的被称为天上乐师,另一个演奏乐器,唱歌跳舞的叫做飞天词汇解析,撒,播撒;使散开,使散布在各处体现,scatter/skaetMr/v embodiment/1mbDdimont/n.化身使转变,使转换;影响力,手段convert/kon v3t/v.leverage/li vondj/n.acquisition获取区块链坐或立的姿/,aekwizi f on/n.blockchain/blD ktf eln/posture/pD stfor/n.势.兰亭集序15The Lanting Xu Prefaceof theOrchid Pavilionor Lantingji Xuisafamous workof calligraphybyWang Xizhi301CE to363CE,
1.compose inthe353CE.Written inelegant semi-cursive scriptandundeipinned bydeep philosophicalthinking,it isamong thebest knownand oftencopied pieces ofcalligraphy in Chinese history and also
2.famous piece ofChineseliterature.It isrevered asthe bestrunningcalligraphy.Wang Xizhiis respected
3.Shu Sheng,“Sage ofCalligraphy^^or SuperMaster ofCalligraphy^.Lanting Xu
4.contain28vertical linesand324characters.According tolegend,the
5.origin copywas passed downto successivegenerations inthe Wangfamily insecrecy until the monkZhi Yong,dying withoutan heir,left itto thecare ofa disciplemonk,Bian Cai.Emperor Tai Zong ofTang Dynasty599CE to649CE heardabout thismasterpiece.He sentmessengers onthree occasionsto retrievethetext,
6.each timeBian Cairesponded that it had been lost.Finally TaiZong dispatchedXiao Yiwho,disguised as a wanderingscholar,
7.gradual gainedthe confidenceof BianCai andpersuaded him
8.show himthe Prefaceof theOrchidPavilion.Thereupon,Xiao Yiseized the work,revealed his
9.identify,and tookit backto TaiZong.TaiZongloved thismasterpiece verymuch andordered thetop calligrapherssuch asYu Shi-nan,Chu Sui-liang,Feng Cheng-su,and OuyangXun totrace,copy,and engraveinto stonefor posterity.TaiZong treasuredtheworkso much
10.he hadthe originalinterred inhis tomb,Zhao lin,after hisdeath.答案The authenticLantingXuhas notbeen seensince then.
1.composed
2.a
3.as
4.contains
5.original
6.but
7.gradually
8.to show
9.identity lO.that翻译《兰亭集序》是著名书法家王羲之的杰作,创作于公元年它用优雅的半草书体写成,353同时内涵深刻的哲学思想,是中国历史上最著名的、经常被临摹的书法作品之一,也是我国著名的文学作品它被尊为是最好的行书书法天下第一行善王羲之被称为书圣、超级书法大师最后太宗派萧翼伪装成一个流浪的读书人靠近辩才,逐渐得到了辩才的信任,并说服辩才给他看看《兰亭集序》之后,萧翼抢过《兰亭集序》,透露了自己的身份,把《兰亭集序》献给了太宗太宗非常喜爱《兰亭集序》,命令顶级书法家虞世南、褚遂良、冯承素和欧阳荀去临摹《兰亭集序》,并把它刻在了石头上太宗非常珍爱《兰亭集序》,把《兰亭集序》和他一起葬在昭陵从此,《兰亭集序》的真迹再也没有人见过词汇解析书的前言;开端,序幕行书preface/prefos/n.semi-cursive哲学的;达观的,处乱不惊的philosophical/,fl hso flksl/adj.尊敬,崇敬revere/ri vior/v.派遣;发送dispatch/di spaetf/v.假扮,伪装disguise/di sgal z/v.原作的,真迹的authentic[□10entl k]adj..丝路花雨16The dance drama Flower Rains Along The SilkRoad isa mammothnational dancedrama createdonthe
1.base of the SilkRoad andDunhuang murals.The firstrehearsal of the drama
2.hold inFebruary1979,and wasperformed28times inBeijing onOctober1,
19793.celebrate the30th anniversaryof thefounding of thePeoples Republicof China.The dramawon theFirst Prizeof Creationnand theFirst Prizeof Performance“awarded bytheMinistry ofCulture.Tn1980,193touring performancesofthedrama wereput on the stageacrossthecountry,
4.cause asensation bothat homeand abroad.The dramawas praised as
5.milestone inChinesedancedramaand calledSwan Lakeoftheeast.In1982,it wasperformed onthemost
6.glory theaterinthe world,La ScalaTheater,becoming thefirstAsian group
7.perform inthe worldstop theater.In1994,it receivedthe GoldenAward during the competitionof ClassicDance Dramasof Chinainthe20th century.Since itsdebut,it
8.perform more than1,500times,reaching anaudience ofmorethan
3.1million.In October2004,it wasrecognized
9.the nbestChinesedance drama1by ShanghaiChina RecordsHeadquarters.Over theyears,FlowerRainsAlongTheSilkRoad has been stagedin over
2010.country andregions andpraisedasthe nthemodel ofChinesenational dancedrama
1.答案
1.basis
2.was held
3.to celebrte
4.causing
5.a
6.glorious
7.to perform
8.has beenperformed
9.as lO.countries翻译舞剧《丝路花雨》是在丝绸之路和敦煌壁画的基础上创作的一部大型民族舞剧《丝路花雨》第一次排演于年月年月日,为庆祝新中国成立周年,在19792197910130北京演出了场28《丝路花雨》荣获文化部“创作一等奖”、“演出一等奖”年,该剧在全国各地巡回1980演出场,在国内外引起轰动被誉为中国舞剧的里程碑,被称为东方的天鹅湖193年,它在世界上最负盛名的剧院——斯卡拉剧院演出,成为第一个在世界顶级剧院演出1982的亚洲团体年获世纪中国古典舞剧大赛“金奖”自首演以来,已经演出了多场,观众超过1994201500万年月,《丝路花雨》被评为“中国最佳舞剧”多年来,《丝路花雨》已在310200410多个国家和地区上演,被誉为“中国民族舞剧的典范”20词汇解析巨大的,庞大的mammoth/maemaO/adj.排练,排演;rehearsal/rih3si/n.轰动,引起轰动的人或事sensation/sen seiJ on/n.重要事件,转折点;里程碑,里程标光荣的,milestone/mai Istoun/n.glorious/gio rios/adj.值得称道的;辉煌的,绚丽.中秋节17The MidAutumnFestival isa harvestfestival
1.observe onthe15th dayofthe8th monthofthe Chinese lunarcalendar.Tt celebratesthree fundamentalconcepts whichare closelytied
2.one another:gathering,such asfamily andfriends
3.cometogether,or harvestingcrops forthe festival;thanksgiving,to givethanks forthe harvest,or forharmoniousunions;praying
4.sincere forbeauty,longevity,babies,marriage
5.partner,or fora goodfuture.Traditions and myths surroundingthe festival
6.form aroundthese threeconcepts,although traditionshave changedover timedue to
7.significance changesintechnology,science,economy,culture,and religion.Its aboutwellbeing together.收获The festivalwas atime
8.people enjoyedthe successfulreaping ofrice andwheatwith foodofferings madein honorofthe moon.Today,people stillmark
9.occasion withsimilaractivities.They haveoutdoor reunionsamong friendsandrelatives toeat mooncakesand watchthemoon,a symbolof harmonyand
10.unite.答案及解析解析句意中秋节是一个收获的节日,于中国农历的月日庆祝分析句子结构可知,
1.815与之间是逻辑上的被动关系,故此处应用过去分词作后置定语“observe”“a harvestfestival”答案observed解析“与……紧密相关、是固定搭配,故填介词答案
2.be tiedtott解析比如,家人和朋友来到一起与之间是逻辑上的主动关系,
3.“come”“family andfriends”故用现在分词答案coming解析空处修饰非谓语动词应用副词“真诚地”
4.praying,sincerely答案sincerely解析此处意为“配偶,伴侣”,是可数名词,且空前无限定词修饰,故应用其复数
5.partner形式答案partners解析与该节日相关的传统和神话故事是围绕着这三个概念形成的本文的基本时态是一般
6.现在时,此处亦用一般现在时;句子的主语为,表示复数概念,谓语动词Traditions andmyths”应用复数;与主语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态故填form Traditionsandmyths”are formedo答案are formed解析分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作定语,修饰故应用形容词表示“重
7.changes,significant,大的答案significant解析分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是且空处在从句中作时间状语,
8.time,故填when答案when解析句意现在人们仍然举行类似的活动来庆祝这一节日此处的号寺指中秋节,
9.“occasion故应用定冠词the答案the解析根据空前的可知,此处应填一个名词,与一起作介词的
10.“of harmonyand”harmony of宾语故填unityo答案unity.书法18Chinese brushcalligraphy or“shufa”inChineseis one of
1.most importantartforms inChina.Many Asiancultures haveoriginated theirown calligraphystyles,but Chinasis优雅unequaled becauseof
2.it beauty,grace andhistory.The
3.origin ofChinese brushcalligraphy areunknown,but localtales sayit传说的goes backover4,000years to the timeofthelegendary YellowEmperor2698BC~2598BC.At thattime characterswere carved on animalbones ortortoise shells.Only afterEmperor Qin ShiHuang unitedChina underhis rule
4.one countrydid itreally gainpopularityas acommon art form.He simplifiedChinesecharactersand regularrules wereset,
5.make iteasier forpeople to learnand master.This Chineseart formcontinued toprogress andduring the Tang Dynasty草书618AD~907AD anew typeof cursivescript wasformed andstandardized.It iswritten
6.free,but itsnot aseasy toread.Today Chinesecalligraphy isonceagaina subjectin schoolsand an art formhighly
7.appreciateacross theworld.Anyone canpractice itand
8.is requiredis asimpleset including:a brush,ink andpaper.Its funfor amateursto try,but to become goodatit,not onlyyearsof practicebut also natural talent
9.need.Practising thisart consistentlycan developpersonalcharacter andis ofgreat
10.benefit tohealth.答案及解析本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了中国书法的起源及特点解析考查冠词根据形容词最高级可知,空处需用定冠词此处意为“最
1.mostimportantthe,重要的艺术形式之一答案the解析考查代词修饰名词应该用形容词性物主代词,所以填入答案
2.its its解析考查名词的复数根据该句的谓语动词可知,中国书法的起源不止一种,所以用
3.are名词复数答案origins originso.解析:考查介词…在此处意为“把统一成..”,所以填入答案4unite…as/into・・・・as/intooas/into解析考查非谓语动词动词与其逻辑主语是主谓关系且与上文之间无连词,故用现
5.make在分词在此处作状语making答案making解析考查副词修饰动词应用副词
6.答案freely解析考查非谓语动词动词与其逻辑主语是动宾关系,故用过去分词
7.appreciate artform在此处作定语appreciated答案appreciated.解析考查主语从句根据“需要的东西就是一套简单的书写工具”可知,此处应用8what引导主语从句答案what解析考查主谓一致和被动语态”作主语,谓语动词的单复数遵循就
9.not only…but also…近原则,故此处谓语动词应用单数与动词之间是动宾关系,故用natural talentneed is neededo答案isneeded解析考查名词此处指“坚持练习这门艺术能培养个人的性格而且对健康大有
10.例Inflation is in doublefigures.通货膨胀率达两位数Rising unemploymentand highinflation.上涨的失业率和高通胀许可;特许;发许可证给license/lai sns/vy.储蓄;存放,寄存deposit/di pDzl t/v..使泄气,使灰心;使打消念头,劝阻;阻碍discourage/di skA ridj/v expire/1k spai至期,失效sr/v.U例He hadlived illegallyintheUnited Statesfor fiveyears afterhis visitorsvisa expired.访问签证到期后他在美国非法居住了年5When doesyour drivinglicence expire你的驾照什么时候到期?面额denomination/di,no minei fn/n..火药02Experimenting withlife-lengthening elixirsaround A.D.850,Chinese alchemistsinstead discoveredgunpowder.Their explosive
1.invent wouldbecome thebasis foralmost everyweapon usedin warfromthat pointon,from fieryarrows
2.rifles,cannons andgrenades.Gunpowder madewarfare alloverthe worldvery different,
3.affect theway battleswere foughtand borderswere drawnthroughout theMiddleAges.Gunpowder somehowremained a monopoly ofthe Chineseuntil the13th century,
4.the sciencewaspassedalong theancient silktrade routeto Europe,where itbecame
5.deciding factorinmany MiddleAge skirmishes.By1350,rudimentary gunpowdercannons werecommonplace inthe Englishand Frenchmilitaries,
6.used thetechnology againsteach otherduring theHundred Years*War.The OttomanTurks also
7.employ gunpowdercannons withabandon duringtheir successfulsiege ofConstantinople in
1453.The
8.power newweapon essentiallyrendered the traditional walledfortification ofEurope,impregnable forcenturies,weak anddefenseless.During theAge ofExploration,Europeans used
9.gun andcannons toexpand theirvast tradenetworksand powerfulempires.Gunpowder wouldbe takenall acrossthe globe as Europeansused thispowerfuladvantage
10.conquer andenslave manyin placeslike TheAmericas andAfrica.答案
1.invention
2.to
3.affecting
4.when
5.a
6.which
7.employed
8.powerful
9.gunslO.to conquer翻译公元年左右,中国古代炼丹师在炼制长生不老的仙丹过程中发现了火药从那时起,火850药的发明成为战争中几乎所有武器的基础,从火箭到步枪、大炮和手榴弹火药使世界各地的战争变得非常不同,影响了整个中世纪战争的方式和国家边界的划定之前一直是中国人掌握火药的技术,直到世纪,火药才由于古丝绸之路贸易传到欧洲13L好处,形容词后应用名词答案”great benefito benefit.旗袍19The cheongsam isafemale dresswith distinctiveChinese featuresand enjoysgrowing
1.popularin theinternational worldof highfashion.Thename“cheongsam
2.mean simply“long dress”entered theEnglish vocabularyfrom the dialectof ChinasGuangdong Province.In otherparts ofthe countryincluding Beijing,however,it
3.know asqipao”,which has a historybehind it.满族的After theearly Manchurulers came to China,the Manchuwomen wore
4.normal aonepiecedress whichcametobe calledqipao
15.the1911Revolution endedthe ruleoftheQing Dynasty,the femaledress survivedthe politicalchange and,withlater improvements,has becomethetraditionaldress forChinese women.The cheongsam,
6.neck ishigh,collar closed,fits wellthe Chinesefemale figure,and itssleeves maybe short,medium orfull
7.long,depending onseasons ortastes.In addition,it isnot toocomplicated
8.make.Nor
9.it needtoo muchmaterial.Another beautyofthecheongsamisthat itcan beworn eitheron casualor formaloccasions.Ineither case,it createsan
10.impress ofsimple andquiet charm,eleganceand neatness.答案及解析[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文,主要对中国特色服装旗袍做了简要说明解析考查名词分析句子结构可知,此处应用名词作的宾语,故填且
1.enjoys popularity,为不可数名词popularity答案popularity解析考查非谓语动词空处和句子谓语之间没有连词,故用非谓语动词,且空处
2.entered和句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词作后置定语The name答案meaning解析考查时态和语态此处是对客观情况的一般性描述应用一般现在时;与存在动
3.it know宾关系,应用被动语态答案is known解析考查副词修饰动词应用副词,故用副词修饰动词在句子中作状语
4.normally wore,答案normally解析考查连词根据语境可知,此处表示逻辑上的让步关系,故用连词
5.Although/ThoughAVhile引导让步状语从句答案Although/Though/While解析考查定语从句分析句子结构可知,应用引导非限定性定语从句,在从句中作
6.whose定语答案whose解析考查词性转换由空前的形容词可知,空处应用名词答案
7.full lengthlength解析考查固定用法分析句子结构可知,此处为固定用法….意为“太……
8.ttdo sth而不能答案to make解析考查倒装句否定副词放句首,句子要倒装,即助动词放在主语之前;由本段的时态
9.可知,应用一般现在时,故填does答案does解析考查词性转换分析句子结构可知,应用的名词形式答案
10.impress impressionimpression.中国结20结Can knotsbeaform ofart It isinChina.They havea longhistoryanda
1.culture meaningeventoday.编A Chineseknot is
2.is wovenfromasingle lengthof ropetobea variety ofshapes.Each shapehas
3.it ownmeaning,and Chineseknots areusually wovenin theredcolor,which indicatesgood fortune.Originally,people mayhave madethem
4.record informationand conveymessagesbefore theystarted towrite.Itisknown that they
5.intend forartistic decorationandto expressthoughts andfeelings intheTangDynasty.The TangEmpire wasa largeone thatcoveredmost ofthe
6.region ofmodern China,and succeedinggenerations carriedon
7.traditional artform aspart of their culture.Now,some peopleuse knotswhen theydress
8.traditional Chineseclothing.Theyare ameans of
9.fasten traditionalclothes insteadof buttons.And silkis most
10.wide used to makethese clothingknots.答案及解析本文是一篇说明文,讲述了中国结的历史、工艺、用途以及它的内涵寓意解析考查词性转换它们有悠久的历史,甚至今天也有文化意义根据空前的“建和空后
1.的可知,此处应用形容词作定语来修饰后面的名词“meaning”答案cultural解析考查表语从句中国结是用一段绳子编成的东西,有各种各样的形状分析句子结构
2.可知,空处在此引导表语从句,且在从句中作主语,表示“……的东西,故用答案whatwhat解析考查代词每个形状都有它自己的意义分析句子结构可知,此处应用形容词性物主
3.代词,故填its答案its解析考查非谓语动词起初,人们可能制作它们以记录信息和传递消息、这里是目的状
4.语,应用动词不定式,故填to record答案to record解析考查时态和语态众所周知,在唐朝,它们被用于艺术装饰,被用来表达想法和情感
5.此处描述的是唐朝的情况,应用一般过去时;又指中国结与之间是动宾关系,应they intend用被动语态故填were intended答案were intended解析考查名词复数唐朝疆域很大,覆盖着现在中国的大部分区域根据空前的,
6.“most of及是可数名词可知,此处应用名词复数形式region答案regions解析考查冠词此处特指上文提到的中国结这种传统艺术形式,故填定冠词答案
7.the the解析:考查介词穿……衣服”为固定搭配答案
8.dress in…in解析考查非谓语动词它们是一种固定传统服装的方式空处位于介词之后,故应用动
9.of名词形式作宾语答案fastening解析考查词性转换分析句子结构可知,空处修饰表示“广泛地,普遍地”,因此
10.used,应用副词widelyo答案widely.成都文化21Chengdu hasbeen makinga namefor itselfin Westerncountries inrecent years,asthecity hasmovedto
1.strength itscultural exchangeswith therest oftheworld.Chengdu Week
2.host in Madrid inJanuaryasamajor activityofthe2017Happy SpringFestival inSpain,
3.isanannual eventheld bytheChinese embassyinSpainto celebrate
4.traditional SpringFestival holidaywith overseasChinese,localsand othervisitors.It wasthe firsttime thatthe Chineseembassy had
5.patient introduceda cityto thetraditional LunarNew Yearcelebration.During thefestival,classic regionalart formssuch aspapercutting,shadow playsand facechangingopera performanceswere
6.display atthe famousPlaza MayorinMadrid.The performancesare so
7.amaze thatI wantto buya ticketto Chengduright now,“said ManuelaCarmcna,mayor ofMadrid,duringtheevent.Mayor Carmcnasaidthatthe two cities shared
8.similar inmany aspectsand shehopedtwocitiescould have
9.far exchangesthan beforein tourismand culture.Chengdu
10.becomemore closelytied toSpainsincea directflight betweenMadridand Chengduwas launchedon December
17.答案及解析[语篇解读]近年来,成都通过文化交流,大大提升了在世界上的影响力本文介绍了年2017春节期间在西班牙举办的成都文化周,剪纸、变脸等传统艺术和表演引起了轰动解析空后是名词结构,所以此处用动词,和空前的构成动词不定式结构故填
1.t strengthen答案strengthen解析设空处在句中作谓语,和主语之间是被动关系,且根据时间状语
2.Chengdu Weekin January可知,动作发生在过去,所以用一般过去时的被动语态故填was hosted答案was hosted解析分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为指
3.Happy SpringFestival,物,且在从句中作主语,故用引导该从句which答案which解析此处特指传统的中国春节假期,用定冠词
4.the答案the解析设空处修饰谓语动词作状语,应用副词故填
5.introduced,patiently答案patiently解析:为固定搭配,意为“展览;展出故填
6.on displayon答案on解析设空处在系动词后作表语,主语为前有副词修饰,所以用
7.are Theperformances,so意为“惊人的;了不起的”amazing,答案amazing解析设空处作谓语动词的宾语,应用名词;为可数名词,所以用复数形式
8.shared similarity答案similarities.解析根据后面的标志词可知,此处用比较级9than答案:further解析分析句子结构可知,设空处应用现在完成时答案
10.has become.茶22Chinese arethe firstpeopletohave tea.One thousandand twohundred yearsago,LuYu wrotea bookcalled“The Classicof Tea”,〃
1.is honoredas TheBible ofTea.The bookgives adetailed
2.explain ofthe origin,the processingskills andthe classificationof tea.However,Chinese teaculture goesfar beyondtea
3.it,Take greentea forinstance,theideal temperatureofthe water shouldbe around80degrees Celsius.营养物If thewater istoo hot,nutrients inthe tea
4.destroy.On theother hand,if thewaterisnothot enough,the tea
5.leaf wontopen upand youwill missthe pleasantlyfreshflavor.So Chinese people areaccustomed
6.drinking hottea.When youvisit aChinesefriend,your friendwill
7.constant addhot waterto youremptying cupof tea.It ispolite
8.offer thetea cupto guestswith bothhands.Of course,the guestsshould payrespectas well
9.take overthe cupwith bothhands.Talking aboutadding watertothetea cup,there is
10.saying:wine full,full cup.Tea half,half cup.For wine,full cupsymbolizes wholeheartiness.For tea,half,it meansmodesty.答案及解析[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文,介绍了中国的茶文化解析考查定语从句的引导词根据设空处前的逗号可知本题是非限制性定语从
1.句先行词为指物,将先行词代入定语从句后可知先行词在定语从句中作主book,语,故填which答案which解析考查名词设空处作宾语,故设空处应填名词,根据设空处前的不定冠词
2.可知设空处填答案explanationo explanation解析考查反身代词句意然而中国的茶文化远远超出了茶本身作
3.itself tea的同位语答案itself解析考查动词的时态和语态句意如果水温太高,茶里的营养将会被破坏
4.条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来,因此主句用一般将来时;与nutrients destroy之间为被动关系,故用被动语态,因此填答案will bedestroyed willbe destroyedo解析考查名词复数根据常识可知设空处需用名词的复数形式,故填答
5.leaveso案leaves解析考查介词为固定短语,意为“习惯于〃答案
6.be accustomedtot解析考查副词设空处作状语,故填副词
7.constantly答案constantly解析考查动词不定式为形式主语,设空处用不定式作真正的主语;
8.it Itis polite后常用不定式作真正的主语,故填答案to offeroto offer解析考查非谓语动词作状语主语与为逻辑上的主动关系,故
9.the gueststake用现在分词作状语答案taking解析考查冠词为可数名词,在本句中表示泛指,故填答案
10.saying aa.中国文化23Traditional Chinese culture isbeginning tocapture theattention oftheworld.Kung fu,
1.especial,has hada greateffect
2.the millionsof peoplewho firstlearnedaboutChinathrough it.From that,they maycome toChinaandlearn aboutsome other
3.aspect ofthis culture.Other Asiannations havelong knownabout the
4.great ofancientChinese culture.Their owncultures are
5.mix ofnative onesand thoseChinesecharacteristics.KoreaandJapanlong agoadopted Confucianism,something thatcontinuestoday evenas it
6.challenge bypop culture.This strengthcomes fromthe ideas
7.givein theFour Booksof Confucianism,which builtupon the ideas ofan even
8.much ancient编纂period codifiedintheFive Classics.From them,the Westlearns
9.is uniquelyChinese,for example,feng shui.So farChinahastaken steps
10.further thisspread ofitsculture byestablishing ChineseCultural Centersin suchplaces asthellnited StatesandEurope.答案及解析[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文,介绍了中国文化对世界的影响解析句意尤其是中国功夫,对于那些通过功夫初次了解中国的成千上万的人
1.来讲,有着非常大的影响〃尤其是〃,用于强调突出的人或者事情答especially案especially解析.意为对某人有……影响〃,为固定搭配,故填
2.havea...effectonsb on•on.解析句意他们可能会来到中国,学习了解中国文化的一些其他方面根据3空前的〃及〃〃可知,此处意为“方面,层面〃,是可数名词,故“some otheraspect此处应用的复数形式答案aspect aspectsoaspects解析句意其他亚洲国家很早以前就知道古代中国文化的博大根据空前的〃
4.“the及空后的〃可知,此处应填名词答案“of greatnessogreatness解析句意这些国家自身的文化是本土文化和中国特色文化的混合在
5.mix此作名词,意为〃混合,结合〃,是可数名词,且此处表示泛指,故用a答案a解析根据本文的基本时态为一般现在时可知,此处亦用一般现在时;在此指
6.it代上文中的和之间为被动关系,应用被动语态故填Confucianism”,challenge ischallengedo答案is challenged解析:句意:这种力量来自〃四书〃中所提供的观念与之间为逻辑
7.theideasgive上的被动关系,应用过去分词作后置定语答案given解析句意〃四书〃是依照〃五经〃的编纂中所体现的更为早期的思想而著成的
8.根据句意及空前的〃可知,此处应用比较级形式,故填“even more答案more解析分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导宾语从句,作的宾语,空处在句
9.learns中作主语,且此处表示〃所……的事物〃,故用what答案what解析句意目前,中国已经采取措施进一步推广中国文化分析句子结构可
10.知,空处在句中作目的状语,故应用不定式形式在此用作动词,意为〃促further进,增进〃答案to further成为许多中世纪冲突的决定性因素年之前,初级的火炮在英法两国军队中已是常规武器了,并在百年战争中使用年,13501453奥斯曼土耳其人成功围攻君士坦丁堡时,他们也大胆地使用了火药大炮这种强大的新型武器使几个世纪以来坚不可摧的欧洲传统的城墙防御工事不堪一击,毫无防御能力在海外扩张的时代,欧洲人用枪和大炮来扩大他们庞大的贸易网络和强大的帝国当欧洲人利用这一优势征服和奴役美洲和非洲的许多地方时,火药被带到全球各地词汇解析灵丹妙药;炼金药;长生不老药elixir/11li ksor/n.国境,边界border/bo dor/n.monop垄断,垄断权;垄断企业,专卖者oly/ms nDp^li/n.例Had hesucceeded,he wouldhave acquiredamonopoly.如果他那时成功了,他就会获得垄断地位The companyhasavirtual monopolyin thisarea oftrade.这家公司实质上已经垄断了这种贸易商队的路线;贸易航路trade route/trei drut/基本的,初步的rudimentary/ru dimentri/adj.例He had only arudimentary knowledgeof French.他只有最基本的法语知识Some dinosaurshadonlyrudimentary teeth.有些恐龙只有未充分长成的牙齿平凡的,不足为奇的;平庸的,陈腐的commonplace/kD monpleis/adj.,使成为,使处于某种状态;给予,提供render/rendor/v要塞坚固的,无法攻取的impregnable/1m pregn0bol/adj.勘探,勘察;研究,探究exploration/,eksph reifon/n.占领,攻克,征服;击败,战胜conquer/kD rkor/v.束缚;征服;使某人成为奴隶enslave/1n sleiv/vt..毕昇与活字印刷术3Every
1.educate Chineseknows thename ofBi Sheng,
2.invented movable-type printing,oneofthefour importantinventions that ancient Chinacontributed to world civilization.Bi Shenglived inBianliangtodays KaifengCity,then capitalof ChinaintheNorthern SongDynasty960-
1127.Bi Shengcarved individuals.characteron identicalpieces offine clay.
4.the blockhadbeenhardened byfire,the typebecame durableand couldbeused anytimeand anywhere.The movabletype piecescould beglued toan ironplate and
5.easydetached fromthe plate.Characters could be assembledto printa pageand thenbroken upandredistributed as
6.need.When theprinting wasfinished,the piecescould beput awayfor futureuse.Contrary
7.many claims,Bi Sheng*s clay types werenot fragilebut infact,*hard andtough ashorn*.Bi Shengsinvention
8.record ShenKuo1031-1095,theChinesepolymath,scientist,and statesman,in
9.he bookThe DreamPool Essays*in1088AD.Movable type printing developedvery fastand spread to Korea,Japan,Vietnam,and finallytoEurope,while basedontheclaytype,the typemade ofwood,lead,tin,and copper
10.gradual appeared.答案
1.educated
2.who
3.characters
4.After
5.easily
6.needed
7.to
8.was recorded
9.his lO.gradually翻译每个受过教育的中国人都知道毕昇,因为他发明了活字印刷——这是中国古代为世界文明做出贡献的四个重要发明之一毕昇住在汴梁今天的开封,当时北宋的都城毕昇的活字印刷是这样制作的先用胶泥做成一个个规格统一的单字,用火烧硬后,字块儿会变得经久耐用字块儿粘在铁板上,很容易从铁板上拆下来它们可以组装起来打印,然后根据需要拆分和重新搭配当印刷完成后,这些活字可以放在一边以备将来再次使用许多人认为毕昇发明的胶泥活字非常易碎,其实正好相反,事实上这些字块儿“像牛角一样坚硬”古代博学家、科学家、政治家沈括在他的《梦溪笔谈》中记载了毕昇的发明活字印刷术发展很快,先后传到了韩国、日本、越南,最后传到了欧洲在胶泥字的基础上,逐渐出现了由木头、铅、锡、铜做成的活字词汇解析活字印刷movable-typeprinting有助于;捐献contribute to/kon tnbju ttu/完全相同的;同一的identical/aldenti kol/adj.持久的,耐用的durable/dju ar0bol/adj.例The durablehigh-impact plasticcase iswater resistantto100feet.这种耐久的高强度塑料盒在英尺水深以内是防水的100This isbecause thesearc moreaffordable andsome arceven moredurable.这是因为它们更加的价廉物美,更加经久耐用拆下,使分离;脱离,摆脱detach/ditaetf/v.易碎的,易损的;不牢固的,易被摧毁的例fragile/fraed3al1/adj.He leanedback inhis fragilechair.他向后靠在他那把不结实的椅子上几个南部非洲The fragileeconomies ofseveral southernAfrican nationscould beirreparably damaged.国家脆弱的经济可能会无可挽救地被摧垮.蔡伦与造纸术04Cai Lunwas bomtoapoor familyin Guiyang,China,duringtheEastern Handynasty around50AD.He wasa smartand
1.ambition man.He becamea clericalofficial ina palaceat
2.young ageand wasmuchtrusted bythe emperorHe ofHan.There isa storytold abouthis journeyto discoveringpaper.It allstarted oneday when he wasgivena stackof documentsto processat homebytheemperor sincehe served
3.a courteunuch.Thesedocuments werecarvedonbamboo strips,
4.were givento severalmen to carry ona bull-drawn cart.Onthe way,the bullslipped andfell underthe wheelshalfway through the journey,making thebamboostrips falltotheground as well.While tryingto getanother bulltocarrythe strips,Lun hadtime tothink,and he
5.conclude thatthe stripswere justtoo heavyand difficult
6.carry anduse.They wereindeed aburdentothescholars.There mustbe anotherway outSo muchenergy andeffort hadgone intohandling thecumbersomebamboo strips.What aboutsomething lighterWith whatLun hadno
7.solve.As hewas walking,hepassed ahemp stalk,and lookedatthehemp fiberand thought,“maybe thatcouldbeusefuL^^He
8.careful removedone layerafter anotherfrom itsfibers,wondering ifthey couldsomehow bewrittenon.But theywere justtoo roughand loose.He thenthought ofthe woolfromtheremains ofsilk cocoonsthatmight beuseful,and thafswhenhehadit.He ranaround seekinghelp fbrhis experiment.Theservants gatheredbark,hemp,old silkcocoons,fishing nets,and cloth.They choppedthe
9.ingredientfinely beforecooking them.The resultwas thenpounded toa starchymixture anddissolved inwaterbefore addinganother typeof starch.When thisnew mixturewas liftedoutofthewater,ithadseparatedinto manyfine layersof fabric.Once
10.dry,they becamesheets ofpaper.答案
1.ambitious
2.a
3.as
4.which
5.concluded
6.to
7.solution
8.carefully
9.ingredients
10.dried翻译蔡伦出生在东汉时期桂阳的一个贫穷的家庭他聪明而有抱负,年纪轻轻就在宫中做官,深受皇帝的信任这里有一个关于蔡伦造纸的故事—要从他担任宦官、皇帝让他在家处理一堆文件开始当时的文件都写在竹简上,需要几个人用牛车搬运在搬运途中,牛滑了一跤,竹简散落了一地蔡伦觉得,竹简太重了,很难搬运和使用,沉重的竹简文件已经成为了大家的负担一定还会有办法!使用这些笨重的竹简太费精力了,有没有轻一点的材料?用什么去做?当时蔡伦也没有好的办法他看到路边植物杆上的纤维,觉得也许能用得上于是,他小心翼翼地把它们一层一层地剥掉,想试试在上面能不能写字,但这些纤维太过粗糙松散随后,他想到了蚕茧里的毛,也许能派上用场于是,他赶紧派人去准备实验仆人们收集了树皮、麻、蚕茧、渔网和布在煮之前把这些材料切碎,然后捣碎成粉状的混合物并溶在水中,再加入淀粉从水里拿出来时,它们变成了一层一层的网状物干燥后,就变成了纸词汇解析有抱负的,野心勃勃的ambitious/aem biJ as/adj.竹片;竹简bamboo strips/,beem bustn p/纤维fiber/fai bor/n..剁,砍,劈chop/tj Dp/v使溶解dissolve/diZD Iv/v..指南针的演变05The adventofthe compass wasa great
1.contributeof theChinesepeopletoworldcivilisation.Thecompass isa simpleinstrument
2.consist ofa magneticneedle thatcan beturned
3.flexible andacompass witha scaleto indicatethe directionoftheearths magneticfield.The earliestinstruments thatcould indicatedirection were called Sinan,
4.appeared aroundtheWarring Statesperiod,when naturalmagnets werepolished intothe shapeof
5.spoon andplaced onagraduated squareengraved plateto givea generalindication ofdirection.Later on,it wasdiscovered thatby rubbinga magnetagainst anobject such asasteel needlein onedirectionseveral
6.time,the needlecould alsobe magnetised,so thatit couldpoint moreaccuratelythan theSinan,and thusthecompass
7.invented.In theSong dynasty,an instrumentwas alsoinventedto indicatedirection,
8.call thecompass fish,which floatedon water.
9.the SouthernSongDynasty,people assembledthe magneticneedle andthe dialintoasingle unit,named theneedle dial,also calledthe meridiandial,compass andso on.Our compassspreadtoEuropeand theArabian regionaroundthe
10.twelve century,greatly contributingtothedevelopment ofworldnavigation andhuman society.答案
1.contribution
2.consisting
3.flexibly
4.which
5.a
6.times
7.was invented
8.called
9.In
10.twelfth翻译指南针的出现是中华民族对世界文明作出的巨大贡献指南针是-种由能灵活转动的磁针和有刻度的罗盘组成的能指示方向的简单仪器,在地球磁场的作用下它能够指示方向最早的时候能够指示方向的仪器叫司南,大约出现在战国时期,人们将天然磁铁打磨成勺子的的形状,放在有刻度的方形刻盘上,就能大致指定方向再后来人们发现用磁石将钢针等物品延一个方向多次摩擦便可让钢针也拥有磁性,这样指向性也比司南更精确一些,由此指南针就发明了出来在宋代还发明过一种同样用于指示方向的仪器叫指南鱼,漂浮于水上使用在南宋时,人们把磁针和刻度盘组装为一个整体,取名为针盘,也叫子午盘,罗盘等我国的指南针大约十二世纪传到欧洲和阿拉伯地区,大大促进了世界航海事业和人类社会的发展词汇解析集合;组装;装配;聚集;收集assemble ISsembl/v.捐款;捐资;贡献;促成作用;一则,一条,稿件;捐赠contribution/,kD ntri bju fn/n.magnetic/maeg.有磁性的;磁性的;磁的;像磁铁的;富有吸引力的;有魅力的罗盘;neti k/adj compass/kA mpos/n.罗经;指南针;罗盘仪;圆规;.书法06Calligraphy,literally beautifulwriting/9hasbeenappreciated
1.anartform inmany differentculturesthroughout theworld,but thestature ofcalligraphy inChinesecultureis unmatched.In China,from averyearly period,calligraphy wasconsidered notjust aform ofdecorative art;rather,it
2.view asthesupreme visualartform,was morevalued
3.painting andsculpture,and rankedalongside poetryas
4.means ofself-expression andcultivation.How onewrote,
5.fact,was asimportant aswhat onewrote.To understandhow calligraphycame tooccupysuchaprominent position,it isnecessary
6.consider avarietyoffactors,such asthe materialsusedin calligraphyandthenature oftheChinesewritten scriptaswellastheesteem inwhich writingandliteracy areheld intraditional China.One ofthe
7.early recordedinstances concernsthefirst-century emperorMing ofthe Han,who,uponhearing thathis cousinwas onhis deathbed,dispatched amessenger toobtain apieceofhis writing
8.hepassed away.By sodoing,Emperor Mingwas hopingtobeabletocommune“with hisrelative,evenafter death,throughthetraces ofhis
9.personal embodiedby
10.he calligraphy.答案l.as
2.was viewed
3.than
4.a
5.in
6.to consider
7.earliest
8.before
9.personality lO.his翻译书法,字面意思是“美丽的书写“,在世界各地的许多不同文化当中都被视为一种艺术形式,但书法在中国文化中的地位是无与伦比的在中国,从很早的时期起,书法就不仅仅被视为一种艺术,更重要的是,它被视为最高的视觉艺术形式,比绘画和雕塑更有价值,与诗歌并列,它不仅是一种自我修养的展现,也同时可以表达出书写者的内心感受在古代,人们认为一个人怎么写字和他写什么内容一样重要要理解书法为何占据如此重要的地位,有必要考虑多种因素,如书法所用的材料和字体,以及中国传统文化对文笔和读写能力的尊重有记载的最早的事例之一是公元世纪的汉朝明帝据记载,这位汉朝的皇帝听说他的堂兄1病危,于是便派一位信使在堂兄去世前取了一篇他所写的书法作品通过这样做,明皇帝希望能够通过书法所体现的个性痕迹,与他的亲戚“交流”,即使是在他死后词汇解析’书法,书法艺术calligraphy/k ligrofi/n.欣赏,鉴赏appreciate/o pri:J ieit/v.不匹配;不协调unmatch v..最高的,至高无上的supreme/supri m;sjupri m/adj()开垦,耕作;栽培,种植;(品质或技巧的)培养cultivation/,kA Itivei fon/n.重要的,著名的;显眼的,突出的prominent/prD mlnont/adj..临终之时;(临终)病榻deathbed/deObed/n社群,群体commune/kD mjun;k mjun/n.查出,发现,追踪;追溯,追究trace/trei s/v..郑和下西洋07The Chineseadmiral ZhengHe must
1.make quitethe impressionwhen the300ships underhiscommand arrivedatanew destination.The biggestvessels,known astreasure ships,were bysomeestimates
2.long thana soccerfield.Their riggingwas festoonedwith yellowflags,sails dyedred withhenna,hulls paintedwith huge,elaborate birds.Accompanying themwere anarray ofsupport boats,
3.include oceangoingstables forhorses,aqueous farmsfor growingbean sproutsto keepscurvy away,and watertaxis forlocal transportation.The15th century
4.citizen whoreceived himin whatare nowIndonesia,Malaysia,Vietnam,Sri Lanka,India,Kenya,and Yemenhad neverseen anythinglike it.They came
5.bear luxuries,from toolsaxes,copper basins,porcelain tocloth fans,umbrellas,velvet tofood lychees,raisins,salted meats.
6.return,they receivedtribute goodstocarryback toChina,including spicesand preciousstones and-onafew notableoccasions-ostriches,elephants,andgiraffes.Almost
7.century beforeVasco daGama andChristopher Columbusmade voyagesthat kickedoff theeraof Europeancolonialism,Zheng spentthree decadesplying thewaters betweenChina andthe EastCoastof Africa,
8.set updiplomatic relationshipsthat wouldreshape Asianlife.His sevenexpeditionschallenged
9.humans coulddo atsea,pushing thelimits withtheir boats9size,
10.complex,andcapacity forlong-distance travel.答案
1.have made
2.longer
3.including
4.citizens
5.bearing
6.1n
7.a
8.setting
9.what lO.complexity翻译郑和指挥的艘船每到一地,都会给当地人留下深刻印象据估计,船队中最大的船只被300称为“宝船”,比一个足球场还要大船的索具上挂着黄色的旗子,帆被染成了红色,船体上画着巨大精致的鸟伴随宝船的是一系列的保障船只,上面有马厩、种植着豆芽以防止坏血病的农场以及马船世纪时,印度尼西亚、马来西亚、越南、斯里兰卡、印度、肯尼亚和也门15当地接待过他们的老百姓也从未见过如此宏大的场面郑和的船队带来了很多当时的奢侈品,从工具斧头、铜盆、瓷器到布料扇子、雨伞、天鹅绒再到食物荔枝、葡萄干、腌肉作为回报,他们也收到了许多国家的贡品并带回了中国,包括香料和宝石,甚至还有鸵鸟、大象和长颈鹿早在瓦斯科•达•伽马和克里斯托弗•哥伦布开始欧洲殖民航行之前的近一个世纪,郑和就已经在中国和非洲东海岸之间的海域航行了年,他所建立的外交关系影响了亚洲各国的生活30郑和七下西洋挑战了人类的海上能力,他所使用的船的尺寸、复杂性和长途海上旅行的的能力都达到了当时的极限词汇解析海军将军,海军上将;舰队司令admiral/aedmorol/n.船,舰vessel/ves9l/n.金银财宝,珠宝,财富treasure/trej or/n.索具,绳索rigging/ri girj/n.船体hull/hAl/n.马厩stable/stei bol/n,荔枝lychee/lai tfi/n.尤指旧时——国向他国交纳的贡品,贡金tribute/tribjut/n.鸵鸟ostrich/D stntf/n.海域;近海waters/wo toz/n.外交的,从事外交的diplomatic/di phmaetl k/adj.远征,考察;探险队,考察队expedition/.ekspo diJ on/n..印章的起源8With rootsdating backthousands ofyears,Chinese seals are morethan just
1.unique motif,they are
2.symbolofidentity,status,and culture.A Chineseseal isa sealor stampusedtomark importantdocuments,piecesofart,contracts,or anyotheritem
3.requires asignature.typical,the sealsare carvedinto stone,but theycan alsobe madeofwood,bamboo,bone,or ceramic.When thesealsareused,they aredipped ineither redink cinnabarpaste.The sealwas firstcreated in221BC.After thefirst emperorof China,QinShiHuang,conquered thesixWarring Statesand unifiedChina,he orderedhis firstimperialsealtobecarved usingbeautiful whitejade.The imperialsealcall theXi andwas onlyused bythose inpower.The emperorswho followedusedan imperialseal,but thenumber ofseals changeddepending onthe dynastyand whowas power.Tt wasntuntiltheMing1368-1644and Qing1644-1912dynasties theseals usagemovedfromtheimperial tothe personal,due tothe expansionofthefeudal arts.Artists began using astylizedseal carvingof theirname tomark ownershipoftheirwork.Individuals alsobeganusingapersonalized stampfor importantdocuments.These non-official stampswerecalled“Yin”.Today,sealsare usedwide formarking importantdocuments.答案l.a
2.symbols
3.that
4.Typically
5.or
6.was called
7.in
8.that
9.works
10.widely翻译中国古代印章的历史可以追溯到几千年前,它不仅仅是一种独特的图案,也是身份、地位和文化的象征印章是给重要的文件、艺术品、合同,或任何需要确认的东西做的标记一般来说,印章是刻在石头上,但也可以用木头、竹子、骨头或陶瓷来做使用印章时,需要沾上红色的印泥或朱砂。