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届高考英语备考冲刺完形填空整体分析与答题技巧2023
一、常见体裁
(一)记叙文一一情节性
1、特点故事性、情节性、理解较容易
2、明确六个要素:时间、地点、人物、故事的发生、发展和结局
3、核心故事的展开
4、做题明确事件内容、理清故事发展线索
(二)说明文一一条理性了解主题明确条理是关键认知过程从段落、分层次、分要点等逐步展开
(三)议论文一一逻辑性了解观点(论点)和论据(道理)阐述观点,自圆其说(正反双方),环环相扣,表达严谨
(四)常见题材社会生活、人物传记、科技文化、历史地理、政治经济因此考生平时要广闻博览、针对性阅读,丰富阅读面
二、题目设计特点一首句不设空二上下文逻辑关系完形填空不仅考察词汇、搭配、语法等独立知识,而且还考察它们不同语境下构成的相应意义做完形填空试题时必须首先明确上下文的的逻辑关系和意义L因果as aresult,consequently,thus,therefore,for thisreason,for thatreason,because of,on accountof,so that,due to,owing to…2歹U举for instance,for・example,that is,namely,specifically,one exampleis,such as3递进not・・・・only*but also,,,.as wellas,moreover,besides,and,neither nor,both・・・・・・・・・and…4比较compare with/to,like,in the same way,similarly,unlike,as well・as,by contrast
5.对比:although,while,but,but at thesametime,despite,even・・・so,even though,for allthat,however,in contrast,in spiteof,nevertheless,onthe contrary,on theother hand,regardless,still,though,yet.6•转折:but,・・however,on theother hand,nevertheless,whereas,whereas,while,yet,still,although,even though,in spiteof7•强调:indeed,certainly,above all,in・・・addition,infact,after all,especially,in particularly,it istrue,of course・8•条件:if,in case,suppose,provided that,as longas9•时|旬:after that,・・・・・from nowon,next,fromthen on,first,then,secondly,finally,former,previous,meantime,since,since then,after awhile,soon,as soonas,before,earlier,until,immediately,in thepast,lately,now,shortly,so far,when
10.空|句:over,・・・above,inside,outside,beside,across,between,before,below,close to,in frontof,in thecenter of,nearby,nearto,on topof,on theother side,opposite to,to theeast,to theleft…IL顺序again,also,and,and then,besides,equallyimportant,finally,first,further,further more,in addition,in thefirstplace,last,moreover,next,second,still,too
12、/总结:in short,in a・・・word,to sumup,inconclusion,in otherwords,in summary,on thewhole***三语义干扰设置语义干扰可以在有限篇幅尽可能地多考察知识点、语言点,全面考查语言功底和语言运用能力
1.词义相近例1Then wewouldn,t needto go to class.Professors shouldl5repeating inlecturesmaterial thatis inthe textbook.Once weveread thematerial,we wantto discussit orhear itelaborated on,not repeated.A refuseB prohibitCprevent Davoid例2Friendship appearsto bea uniqueformof humanbonding.Unlike marriageor theties thatbind parentsand children,itis notdefined orregulated by
8.A disciplineB lawCrule Dregulation
2.词性相同We satatthedinner tablein silence,preferring thatto89in adifficult language.A tellingButtering Csaying Dspeaking3,词形相近Unlike mathorscience,ignorance ofhistory cannotbe easilyconnected toloss ofinternational
74.A competitivenessB comprehensionCcommunity Dconiniitment4•语法结构but abird has・・・asingle alarmcry,75means“danger!”A thisBthat Cwhich Dit四语法知识常考语法项目有
1、名次单复数;
2、动词的时态和语态;
3、形容词和副词的一般级、比较级和最高级;
4、分词结构和不定式;
5、定语从句;
6、宾语从句;
7、虚拟语气;
8、倒装结构五习惯用法与固定搭配Students canlearn theright answers82heart inclass,andyet nevercombined them83their workingmodelsofthe world.A toB byCin Dwith六词汇辨析Sitting inthe theatreI hadto lookthrough theperformance betweenthetwo tallheads infront ofme.I hadto keepchanging theposition everytimeshe leanedover totalk tohim.Why doAmericansdisplay such75in apublic placeAattraction Battention CaffectionD motion
三、解题策略与应试技巧-通读全文完形填空离不开文章,解题离不开上下文通读,了解文章大意,才能做到有的放矢二重视首句文章第一句话很重要,有指导性作用,理解中心思想三分析文章结构及展开方式体裁分析记叙文要把握故事发展脉络;说明文要搞清文章范畴;议论文明确论点理顺论证方式四分析文章时态时态提供了有效的背景信息,对选择正确答案有提示作用Sincewe4all morningand werenow feelingvery tired,its apleasure tosit down.Ashopped Bhad beenshopping Cwere shoppingD havebeen shoppingl8the late1970s,many shoppingmallshad almostdeveloped intosmall citiesthemselves.A ByBDuring CInD Towards五寻找信息词一种反复出现的信息词是提示文章中心内容的关键词另一种则在一句或一段话中有暗示作用No one,least4all management,wants tolisten tohystericalroar歇斯底里的咆哮.A overBon Cof Dtowards六借助语法知识
1.名词单复数armarms;glassglasses;timetimes;paperpapers;fruitfruits;foodfoods;silksilks;fishfishes.
2.形容词和副词的一般级、比较级和最高级1同级as/so…as;not so…as;not as・・・as2比较twice,four times,ten times等与as…as结构a bit,a little,・・・slightly,a greatdeal,a lot,many,much二不定量;far,completely,still二程度进一步一3最高oneof…of/among all+三者以上名词/代词
3.动词的时态和语态全文时态、上下文关系以及时间状语很重要
4.分词结构和动词不定式现在分词和过去分词主动和被动;现在和完成,作状语表示时间、原因、条件、伴随;也可作定语修饰名词;注意分词和逻辑主语搭配The moresignificantthe taskis,the morecareful theplanning
4.A makingB preparedCrequired Dlooks5,定语从句1关系代词和关系副词Through theseless directroutes,longer andslower,they generallygotoplacesl8the airis cleanand thescenery isbeautiful.A thereBwhen CwhichD where2限制性和非限制性定语从句3只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a.there be句型中只能用that,不用which;b.不定代词anything,nothing,the one,all,much,few,any,little只能用that,不用which;c.先行词有the only,the very修饰时用that;d.先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时用that;e.先行词既有人又有物时要用that
6.宾语从句1引导宾语从句的各种连词a.连词that起连词作用,不作句子成分,口语中省略;b.连词if,whether起连接作用,不作句子成分,意义为“是否”,口语省略c.连接代词who,whom,whose,which和连接副词when,where,why,how起连接作用,在句子中作成分,各自有各自意义2宾语从句的语序“主句+连接词+主语+谓语”
(3)主句与从句在时态上的呼应如果主句为现在时态,从句时态由实际情况决定;如果主句为过去时态,从句时态要随之变化
7.虚拟语气
(1)用于条件状语从句时,主句和从句谓语形式a.与过去事实相反从句句d+过去分词,主句should/would/could/might+have+过去分词;b.与现在事实相反从句一般过去时(be用were),主句would/should/could/might+动词原形;c.与将来事实相反从句一般过去时或should/were to+动词原形主句would/should/could/might+动词原形;
(2)用于主语、表语、同位语、宾语从句时,注意“主观愿望”的表达8,倒装结构
(1)部分倒装a.句首有否定词时,句子要倒装;b.so+adj./adv.放在句首时表示程度,句子要倒装;c.虚拟语气条件句省略if时,条件句主谓部分倒装;d.由as和however(no matterhow)让步从句倒装;e.“only+状语”置于句首时句子(从句)要倒装f.“so/such…that…”结构用于句首时句子要倒装
(2)全部倒装a.以介词开头的地点状语置于句首;b.副词out,in,along,then,now,up,down,away,here,there等位于句首;c.代词so,neither,nor,no more置于句首
(七)瞻前顾后,灵活答题完形填空答题绝对不能“目光短浅,就事论事”正确的选择答案离不开句子,更离不开整篇文章要多看看上下文,多从各个角度考虑和分析
(八)复校全篇做完之后要重新审视首先浏览一遍文章再答题选择之后放在原文中上下阅读寻找感觉综上所述,选词思路与技巧如下
1、语篇
(1)是否符合本句或上下文逻辑;
(2)是否对上下文补充说明;
(3)是否上下文有对比或对照关系;
(4)是否为因果关系
2、语法
(1)是否特殊句式;
(2)主谓是否一致;
(3)词或词组的搭配是否正确;
(4)动词(特别是非谓语动词)的用法是否正确;
(5)是否需加词,实现句子连接或转换
3、考点
(1)理解主旨大意;
(2)寻读具体信息;
(3)理解细节;
(4)根据上下文提供语境推测生词词义,进而加深对文段的理解;
(5)简单的判断和推理;
(6)理解文段的基本逻辑结构;
(7)理解作者的意图和态度;
(8)理解文段的文化信息词汇语法熟练程度。