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高考英语一轮复习之动词考点讲义
1.关于不用进行时的动词1)表示事实状态的动词,如have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue等例如I havetwobrothers.我有两兄弟This housebelongs to my sister.这房子是我姐的2)表示心理状态的动词,如know,realize,think see,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate等例如I needyour help.我需要你的帮助He lovesher verymuch.他爱她很深3)瞬间动词,如accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse等例如系动词,如seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,I accept your advice.我接受你的劝告taste,get,become,turn等
2.只接不定式(不能接动名词)作宾语的25个常用动词
1.want to do sth.想要做某事I wantto buya newcomputer thisafternoon.我想今天下午买台新电脑
2.would like to do sth.想要做某事I would like toinvite youto cometomybirthday partythis Saturday.我想邀请你这周六来我的聚会
3.wish to do sth.希望做某事I wishto liveon themoon oneday.我希望有一天在月球上生活
4.help to do sth.帮助做某事I oftenhelp to do somechores athome.我在家经常帮着做家务
5.hope to do sth.希望做某事I hopeto havea goodrest thisweekend.我希望这周末好好休息一下
6.learn to do sth,学会做某事He finallylearned toplay thepiano withthe helpof theteacher.在老师的帮助下,他最终学会了弹钢琴
7.manage to do sth.设法做成某事They managedto escapethe fireyesterday.昨天他们设法逃脱了火灾
8.offer to do sth.主动提出做某事Never offerto teachfish toswim.别在强人面前逞能
9.plan to do sth.计划做某事He plansto travelaround theworld.他计划要周游世界
10.afford to do sth.负担得起做某事(时间或金钱方面)We cant affordto goabroad thissummer.今年夏天我们没有足够的钱出国
11.agree to do sth.做某事He agreedtodoit atonce.他同意立刻行动
12.arrange todo sth.安排做某事I arrangeto washclothes tomorrowmorning.我安排好明天上午洗衣服
13.ask todo sth.要求做某事The boyasks to go toschool bybike.这个男孩要求骑自行车去上学
14.beg todo sth.恳求做某事He beggednot to be putinto prison.他祈求不要被关进监狱
15.care todo sth.愿意/喜欢做某事
16.choose todo sth.选择做某事He choseto believewhat shehad said.他选择相信她说的话
17.decide todo sth.决定做某事She hasdecided totravel allover theworld.她已经决定周游世界了
18.demand todo sth.要求做某事
19.determine todo sth.决心做某事He determinedto learnFrench.他下定决心学习法语
20.expect todo sth.等待做某事I amexpecting tohear fromyou soon.我期待着早点收到你的来信
21.fear todo sth.惧怕做某事She fearsto liveon themountain.她害怕住在山上
22.prepare todo sth.预备做某事They preparedtogohiking thisSunday.他们准备周日去远足
23.pretend todo sth.伪装做某事She pretendednot to see me.她假装没有看到我
24.promise todo sth.答应做某事I havepromised togive thechildren somebooks.我已经答应给孩子们一些书了
25.refuse todo sth.拒绝做某事She refused to buya newcellphone forher boy.她拒绝给她儿子买新手机
3.省略动词不定式的短语
1、一看二听三使役see/hear/feel/notice/look at/listen tosb.do sth.看见/听见/感觉/注意某人作某事make/let/have sb.do sth.使/让某人做某事
2、help sb.todo sth/with sth.帮助某人作某事
3、had betternot do sth.最好不做某事
4、Why dontyou/not do sth.为什么不作某事
5、Would/Will/Could youplease not do sth.请你不作某事好吗?
4.关于动词vt.+副词
1.put on穿上
2.take off脱下
3.write down记下此类短语可以带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词前后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的前面试比较First listen to thetape,then writedown theanswer/write theanswerdown.VFirst listento theanswer,then writedown it.XFirst listento theanswer,then writeit down.VB.动词vi+副词
1.come on赶快
2.get up起床
3.go home回家
4.come in进来
5.sit down坐下
6.stand up起立此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语
5.关于动词+介词
1.look at…看…,look like…看上去像,look after…照料…
2.listento…听
4.say helloto…向问好
5.speak to…对说话此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后如This ismy newbike.Please lookit after.XThis ismy newbike.Please lookafter it.V
6.含有带to的动词不定式句型
1.Itf stime todo sth.该是做某事的时候了
2.It takessb.some timetodo sth做某事花了某人时间
3.tell/ask/want/encourage/invite/sb.todo sth.告诉、叫、想、鼓励、邀请某人做某事
4.Would youliketodo sth.你想做某事吗
5.Its good/bad todo sth做某事好/不好
6.Its good/bad for sb.todo sth.对某人来说,做某事好/不好
7.be+adj.+enough todo sth.足够+形容词做某事
8.sb.is readytodosth.某人准备好做某事
9.Itf s+adj.+forsb.todosth.做某事对某人+形容词做这件事对你好)
10.It1s+adj.+of sb.todosth某人做某事+形容词(你做这事真好)
11.would like/love/decide/want/wish/todosth.想、喜欢、决定、想、希望做某事
12.wouldlike/love sb.todosth.想让某人做某事
13.prefer todo ratherthan dosth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
7.含有不带to的动词不定式句型
1.had betternotdosth.最好不做某事
2.would youplease notdosth你可以做某事吗
3.why notdosth.为什么不做某事;why dontyou dosth.为什么你不做某事
4.Shall wedosth.我们要做某事吗
5.let sbdosth.让某人做某事
6.make sb.dosth.have sbdosth使某人做某事
7.feel sbdosth感觉某人做某事
8.常用动名词的短语
1.Be goodat/do wellin doing sth.擅长作某事
2.Pay attentionto doing sth.注意作某事
4.Thank youfor doingsth.为感谢某人
5.Would youmind doingsth.你介意做…吗
5.Spend…in doingsth.花时间作某时
6.Make acontribution to doingsth.在做贡献
7.Prefer doingsth.to doingsth.喜欢胜过
8.Keep/stop/prevent sb.from doingsth.阻止…作某事
10.look forwardtodoing期望做某事
9.情态动词及其用法1什么是情态动词情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语can could,may might,must,need,ought to,dare dared,shall should,will would2情态动词用法情态动词本身有一定的词义,表示语气的单词但是不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语情态动词用在行为动词前,表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想情态动词只做情态动词may,might,must等情态动词中可做情态动词又可做实义动词如need,dare,can等情态动词中具有情态动词特征have(had,has)to,usedto,ought too3情态动词例句1)表示能力(体力、知识、技能)Can youlift thisheavy box(体力)Mary canspeak threelanguages.(知识)Can youskate(技能)此时可用be able to代替Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态I11not be abletocome thisafternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用beableto,不能用Can如oHe wasabletogo tothe partyyesterday eveningin spiteof theheavyrain.
10.非谓语动词概述[难点剖析]
①非谓语动词作状语注意前后逻辑主语一致;结合省略对考生进行综合考查;区别祈使句式和并列结构,关注标点符号,在解题时尤为关键
②非谓语动词作定语不定式作定语表动作尚未发生,与所修饰名词构成动宾关系若不定式逻辑主语同时也为句子主语,用主动表被动,反之用被动(如I mleaving onbusiness.Do youhave anythingtobetakenthere),另还需注意不及物动词加介词;现在分词作定语表动作正在进行或习惯性经常性动作;过去分词作定语表动作完成,与所修饰名词构成动宾关系
③非谓语动词作补语能后跟非谓语动词作宾补的动词数量有限,格外注意使役动词和感官动词;为增加试题的干扰性,将宾语和补语分离改作定语从句的先行词如The managersdiscussed theplan thatthey wouldliketoseecarried outthe nextyear.或将作宾补改作主补如Themissing boyswere lastseen playingnear theriver.;注意with+n.\pron.+补语”结构的用法
④动词不定式作状语、定语时,注意避开定向思维的干扰例Which doyou enjoyto killyour sparetime—watching TVorplaying football
⑤疑问词+tdo的用法例It issaid thatin Australiathere ismore landthanthe governmentknows whattodowith it.。