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中考英语核心语法主谓一致知识讲解
一、主谓一致的三个原则【语法详解】意义一致
1.意义一致就是根据句子主语的意义来确定谓语动词的单复数如Maths isdifficult forus.数学对我们来说很难The policeare tryingto searchfor thethief on the hill.警察们正在山上尽力搜查小偷【艮学艮P练】——Ma Yunas well as RenZhengfei tonsof attentionwherever theygo.一Yeah,they arevery successful.We believethat struggle(奋斗)creates historyandhard workmakes afuture.A.gets;brightly.get;bright8C.gets;brightD.get;brightly语法一致
9.语法一致即单数主语要用单数谓语动词,复数主语要用复数谓语动词如My bikeis underthe tree.我的自行车在树下These booksare olD.这些书是旧的【即学即练】My familyfor dinnernow.We rebusy.A.is preparing.are preparing8C.prepares就近原则
9.就近原则即当主语被某些连词(短语)连接时,谓弓动词的数与离它最近的词保持一致Either myfather orbrother iscoming,我父亲来,要不然就是我弟弟来Not onlyyou but also theyare goodstudents.不仅你是好学生,而且他们也是好学生【艮学艮练】Not onlyJim butalso Lucya fewcities sincethey cametoChina.A.will visitB.visitedC.have visitedD.has visited【知识归纳】含义例句Tom isa goodstudent.汤姆是个好学生指的是主语为单数形式时,谓语动词语法一They oftenplay footballon the使用单数形式,主语如果为复数形式,致playgroun那么谓语动词也使用复数形式D.他们经常在操场上踢足球My familyare havinglunch now.我们一又称为概念一致原则,指的是谓语动意义一家人现在正吃午饭词的单复数取决于主语所表达单复数致Twenty dollarsis tooexpensive forthe意义,而不取决于表面上的语法联系book.这本书20美元太贵了Not onlythe teacherbutalsohis又称为近邻一致原则,指的是主语由students likeplaying football.不仅老就近一两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成,师喜欢踢足球,而且他的学生也喜欢踢足致谓语动词的单复数形式应与紧邻的名球词或代词保”致There isa penand somebooks onthedesk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书
二、并列结构作主语【语法详解】由and或both..and连接两个名词、代词作主语,表示不同的人或事物时,句子的谓语用复数・John andMike are good friends.约翰和迈克是好朋友Both breadand milkare good for you.面包和牛奶对你都有好处【注意】and连接的两个名词作主语,在意义上指同一人、同一物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数The famoussinger anddancer iscoming toChongqing.那位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家要来重庆[艮学艮[]练]一Who cantake partin our school singingcompetition一Lucy Lilyare OK.They,regood at singing.A.Either;orB.Neither;norC.Not only;but alsoD.Both;and
三、”名词+介词短语”作主语【语法详解】_名词或代词后接as wellas,with,along with,together with,except,but等短语作主语时,谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致She aswellasother studentslikes playingcomputer games.她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏He withhis parentsis workingin thefields.他正和他的父母在地里干活Nobody butyou andme knowsit.除了你和我,没人知道【即学即练】一I calledyou lastnight butno one answered thephone.一I withmy parentsa TVprogramme aboutcelebrating the20th anniversaryofMacao sreturn toChina.A.was watchingB.watchedC.have watchedD.were watching
四、不定代词作主语【语法详解】
1.当作主语的名词前有each,neither,either,every修饰或each,neither,either作主语时,谓语动词用单数Each student has abook.每一个学生都有一本书Either answeris correct.两个答案都是正确的Neither parentis withhim.他的父母都没有和他在一起Every minuteis importantto us.每一分钟对大家都很重要
2.当复合不定代词someone,anyone,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,something,anything,nothing,everything等作主语时,谓语动词用单数Somebody iswaiting foryou outside.有人在夕卜面等你Is everybodyhere today今天大家都到了吗Something iswrong withmy watch.我的手表出故障了Nobody wasaway yesterday.昨天没有人离开[艮[I学艮P练】To avoidgathering(聚集),neither thestudents northeir teachergoingto theparty thisevening.A.wasB.areC.isThere be和Here be结构后面接并列名词时,谓语动词be均应与最近的名词在数上保持一致There isa pen,a pencil,a knifeand threebooks onthe desk.书桌上有——支专冈笔,一支铅笔,一把刀和三本书Here aresome flowersand acarD.这里有一些花和一张卡片【艮学艮练】Theremore thantwo waysto solvethis mathsproblem.A.amB.isC.areD.be
五、特殊名词作主语【语法详解】
1.国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时,即使其形式上是复数,谓语动词也要用单数The UnitedStates liesto theeast ofChina.美国在中国的东方(国名)Engels wasgoodatlearning foreignlanguages.恩格斯擅长学外语(人名)
2.the+形容词”作主语时,表示某类人,谓语动词用复数The sickare takengood careof.病人得到很好的照顾The oldare supposedto bespoken topolitely,跟老人讲话要有礼貌
3.以-s结尾的学科名词,如maths,physics,politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词,如news,plastics等作主语时,谓语动词要用单数Physics is very difficultfor meto learn.物理对我来讲很难学The newswas veryexciting.这条新闻十分激动人心、
4.单复数形式相同的名词,如Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定A Chinesewants tosee you.一个中国人想见你Ten sheepare eatinggrass there.那边有10只绵羊在吃草【注意】Chinese,Japanese,English等前加the表示一国人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数The Chinesespeak Chinese.中国人说汉语
六、表数量概念的词或短语作主语
1.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时,通常看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数Ten yearshas passedquickly.10年很快就过去了Ten dollarsis enough.10美元就够了100kilometers isa longway.100千米是一段很长的路
2.加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数,其中加法与乘法也可用复数Two andtwo is/are four.2力口2等于4Six timesone is/are six.6乘以1等于
63.many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数There ismore thanoneanswer.有不止一个答案Many astudenthaspassed theexam,许多学生通过了考试
4.noneand a half+复数名词”作主语时,谓语用单数One and a halfdays isall Ican spare.一天半是我所能支配的全部时间One andahalfpears isleft onthe plate.一个半梨被留在盘子里
5.the restof...短语作主语时,如果f后接复数名词,谓语用复数;如果f后接不可数名词,谓语用单数The restof thebikes areon sale.余下的自行车降价出售The restof thebread isgone.剩余的面包不见了
6.“none of+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数None of the dogswas/were there.MUL没有狗
7.”a number of+名词复数表示许多/大量的……,其后的谓语动词用复数;nthenumberof+名词复数表示”的数量,其中心词为number,故谓语动词用单数A numberof farmersare standingover there.许多农民站在那边The numberofthestudents inthis schoolhas reachedover2,
000.这所学校的学生数量已达到2000多人
8.a lotof/lots of/plenty of+名词”作主语,谓语动词由of后的名词来确定如果of后是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数;如果f后是复数名词,谓语动词用复数A lotof timeis needeD.需要大量的时间Plenty ofworkers areworking.许多工人在工作
七、动名词、不定式和从句作主语动名词、不定式或从句作主语时,谓语一般用单数Doing morningexercises isgoodforyour body.做早操对你的身体有益To playwith firenear agas stationis verydangerous.在加油站附近玩火很危险What hesaid atthe meetingisveryimportant.他在会上的发言很重要【即学即练】To thewest ofourschoolsome bookstoresandapark.A.liesB.lieC.hasD.have。