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语法精讲一一直接引语和间接引语
一、直接引语和间接引语的定义引述别人的话有两种方式一是使用引号引出别人的原话,被引用的句子;一是用自己的话报导别人的话,被报导的部分叫做O
二、直接引语变间接引语需要注意的几点各种句式变换;从句变化;人称变化;、地点副词、少数动词和的变化)各种句式变换1直接引语是陈述句时
1.间接引语为皿引导的宾语从句(口语中可以省略),主句的引述动词主要that有等say repeat,explain,think如()He said,Im verybusy.He said that he was verybusy.注意如果直接引语是表示时,变为间接引语,一般现在时不改为一般过去时如The teacher said,The earth goes round the sun.f Theteachersaidthat theearthgoesroundthe sun.直接引语是疑问句时
2.间接引语为主句的谓语动词改为,或改为say wonder,do notknow,want to等know,be notsure,be puzzled
(1)一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为引导的宾语从句如:She said,“Do youoften comehere to read newspapers”()f Sheasked meif whetherI oftenwent theretoreadnewspapers.Have atry Direct-**Indirect Speech】
1.Lily:Can akangaroo jumphighn thanthe Empire State BuildingJim:Yes,because theEmpireStateBuilding cantjump!
2.Susan:Arent youwearing yourwedding ringon the wrong fingerJane:Yes Iam,I marriedthewrongwoman.选择疑问句变为宾语从句如2I askedhim,“Will youstay athome orgo toa filmtonight”—I askedhim whetherhe wouldstay athome orgo toa filmthat night.Have atry Direct-,^Indirect SpeechAvery drunk man comesout of the barand seesanother verydrunk man.He looksup in the skyand says,Is thatthesunor themoon”The otherdrunk mananswers,nI dontknow.Pm astranger heremyself.nThe firstdrunkmanasked_____________________________________________特殊疑问句变为等疑问词引导的宾语从句.注意使用3who/what/when_________________如George said,“When willyou getback fromShanghai,Mike”f Georgeasked whenMikewould getback fromShanghai.Have atry Direct^Indirect Speech自
1.Lynn:Where doyou ndgiant snailsLucy:On theends oftheir fingers.Lynn asked______________________________________________
2.Lynn:Why isthe happiestletterLucy:Because it is in the middleof fun”.Lynn asked__________________________________________().直接引语是祈使句时:祈使句变为间接引语的规律一改()二变(呼语4为宾语)三加()四去()please要变成等可跟不定式Lsaid/said tobegged/advised/asked/told/ordered/warned作宾补的动词.呼语变宾语,要去掉开头的祈使句2please3Have atry:Multiple choices
1.The mansaid tome,“Please sendfbr a doctor now!”The manme foradoctor.A.ordered...to send...then B.told...send...nowC.asked...to send...then D.asked...send...now
2.The mothersaid,“Be friendly to others,son.”The motherfriendlytoothers.A.asked herson beB.ordered herson tobeC.told herson beD.told herson tobe()直接引语是感叹句时间接引语为或引导,也可以用引导
5.what howthat如She said,nWhat a lovely day itis!”f She said/exclaimed whatalovely dayitwas.Shesaidthat itwas alovelyday.补充除了间接引语谓语动词可根据语义选择其它动词say,•I didit/9•He admittedthat hehad doneit.•He wasrude tome.”•She complainedhed beenrude toher.•You arelate.”•He whisperedthat Iwas late.)从•I canspeak sixlanguages.He boastedhe couldspeak sixlanguages.2句时态变化如主句谓语动词为过去时,则间接引语中的动词应变为(完成下表)o一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时一般将来时现在完成时一般过去时过去完成时以下情况从句动词形式无需变化:
1、________、虚拟语气2“If Ihad theinstruction manual,I wouldknow whatto doJ saidTom.—Tom saidthatif hehad theinstruction manualhe wouldknow whatto do.某些情态动词,如
3.,might,could,had better,used to“We usedto workinthesame departmentJ Paulsaid.f Paulsaidthatthey usedto workinthesame department.
4._______________Dick said,hewasrepairing hiscomputer atnine oclocklast night.”f Dicksaid hewas如主句,则间接引语中的动repairing hiscomputer atnine oclockthe nightbefore.词仍保持直接引语的原来时态He saysJTm one ofthe top students in myschool.f Hesays hesoneofthetopstudentsinhis school.)人称变化3请记住下面的顺口溜“一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新”如He oftensaysI shall tell youabout them.-He oftensays heshalltellme aboutthem.)指示代词、地点副词和少数动词(完成表格)4直接间接直接间接this theseherecomebring nowthreeyears agolast week/yearthis yearnext week/yeartoday yesterdaytomorrow直接引语变间接引语的基本规则直接引语改间接引语“过四关”去掉引号后,事实上是一个含宾语从句的主从复合句(祈使句除外)主语+谓语+引导词()+作宾语的句子that/whether,if/wh-引导词(判断句子类别,选择引导词特殊疑问词)
1.that/whether,if/语序(陈述语序;注意人称变化主宾山不变)
2.I n时态(主句(过去时)+从句(相应的过去时)
3.主句(现在/将来时)+从句(不变)注意无需变化的特殊情况(真理、虚拟、部分情态动词、过去进行)细节(指示代词、地点副词、少数动词和时间状语)
4.。