大学英语语法课件

College EnglishGrammarCourseware目录•Noun•Verb•Subjects andadvertisements•Positions andconnections•Sense structure•Special presencepatterns01NounTypes ofNounsCommon nounsProp nounsnames for generalcategories ofthings,names forspecific things,e.g.,Volvo,e.g.,car,flower daffodilCollectivenouns Materialnounsnames forgroups ofthings,e.g.,namesforsubstances ormaterials,e.g.,team,audience wood,waterThe numberof nounsSingularusedfor onething,e.g.,a carPluralusedfor morethan onething,e.g.,carsThe positivecase ofnouns01Possessive nounsshowownership orsession,e.g.,Johns car02Format:add anapostropheands tothe endof the noun,e.g.,dogs.02VerbTypes ofverbsTransitional Verbs01These Verbstake adirect object,such aswrite oreatIntrinsic Verbs02These Verbsdo nottake adirect object,such asdrive orsleepLinkingVerbs03These Verbsconnect thesubject with a completion,suchas be,see,or come.The tenseof verbsPresentTenseIt expresses actions or states thatare currentor01ongoing,such asI writeor heeats0203Past TenseFuture TenseItexpresses actionsor statesthat Itexpressesactionsorstatesthatoccurred in the past,such asI willoccur inthe future,such asIwrote or he atewill writeorhewill eatThevoice ofverbsActive VoiceThe subject performsthe action,such asI writea letteror heeatsan applePassiveVoiceThe subjectundergoes theaction,such asA letteris writtenby meorAn appleis writtenby himThesub junctivemood ofverbs•Sub functionalMood:It isused to expresswishes,hypotheses orconditions thatarenot trueFor example,If Iwereyou,I woulddo itdifferentlyor Hesuggestedthat theyleft early03Subjects andadvertisementsAdjectivesDefinitionTypes PositionAgreementAdjectives arewords thatAdjectives can be Objectivescommonly Objectivesneed toagreedescribe ormodify nounsclassified intodifferent comebefore thenoun withthenountheyor pronounsThey canbe types,such asdescriptive,they modify,but someof modifyin termsofused togive morepositive,and themcan comeafter thenumber andgenderinformation aboutthe demonstrativenoun oreven inthesubject orobject beingmiddle of a sentencetalkedaboutAdverb•Definition:Advertisements arewordsthat modifyor describeverbs,objections,or otheradvertisementsThey providemore informationaboutthe action,condition,or Mannerof thepresenceAdverbTypesPosition AgreementAdvertiserscanbeclassified Advertiserscan appearalmost Advisorsdo notneed tointodifferent types,such asanywhere in a presence,but agreewith anythingin termstemporary,modal,and spatialthey are commonly foundnear ofnumber orgenderthe verbthey modifyThecomparative andsuperior forms of objectionsandadvertisementsComparative FormsComparativeforms ofadvisors andadvisors areused tocompare twothings orpeople Theyareformed byadding-er tothe endof anobjective oradvisorySuperlative FormsSuperlativeforms ofadvisors andadvisors areused toshow thatsomething orsomeone isthebest ofa groupThey areformed byadding-est tothe endof anobjective oradvisory04Positions andconnectionsPositionDefinitionApreposition is a word used toindicate the relationship betweena nounorpronoun and other partsofa sentence.FunctionPrepositions areused to describe time,place,manner,reason,etc.,such asinthe morning,on theweekend,withapen.Common prepositionsat,in,on,by,for,to,from,etc.ConjunctionDefinition01A conjunctionis awordusedto connect two ormore sentences,clauses,or words.Function02Conjunctions areusedtoconnecttwo sentences orclauses toindicate their relationship,such ascoordination,causality,conditions,etc.Common conjunctions03and,but,or,so,because,if,when,etc.A comparisonof theuse ofpositions andconnectionsDifferenceAlthoughprepositions andconjunctions areboth functionwords,prepositionsmainly indicatetherelationship between nounsor pronounsandotherparts ofa sentence,while conjunctionsindicatetherelationshipbetweentwo sentencesorclauses.ExampleA sentenceusing thepreposition inand theconjunction and,I amstudyinginthelibrary andmy friendis playingoutside.In thissentence,in isapreposition usedtodescribewhere Ilearned;And isa conjunctionusedto connecttwosentences,indicating thattwo actionsoccur simultaneously.05Sense structureSubjectand PredictSubjectThe person or thing performingtheaction,e.g.,John readsbooks.Thesubjectin this senseis John.PredicteDescribe theaction orstate ofthesubject,e.g.,reads books.Thepredict in this presenceis readsbooks.ObjectThe directobject in thissense isa book.Indirect Object:Thepersonorthingindirectly affectedby theaction,e.g.,John gaveabookto his friend.Theindirect objectin thissenseishisfriend.AdverbialAdvisory clauseAdverbial phraseAclause thatmodifies theverb,e.g.,Phrases thatmodify theverb,e.g.,When Johnfinished hishome,he wentJohn runsquickly.The advisorytobed.The advisoryclause in this phraseinthissentence isquickly.sentence isWhen Johnfinished hishome.AttributeJohn isa student.The subjectcompletioninthissentence isastudent.The bookis Johns.The objectcompletioninthissense isJohns.06Special presencepatternsInvertedpresence•Summary:Inverted sentencesrefer tosentences wherethe positionofthe sentence components isdifferent fromthe conventionalwordorder,in orderto emphasizecertain contentor producespecialrhetorical effects.•Detailed description:Inverted sentencesare usuallydivided intotwo types:completely invertedand partiallyinverted.Complete inversionrefers tothe completeinversion ofboth the predicate andsubject,while partialinversionis onlya partialinversion ofthepredicate.Inverted sentencescan emphasizepredicate verbs,highlightadverbials such as timeand place,making the sentence structuremore compactand enhancingexpressivepower.Emphasis presenceSummary word DetaileddescriptionAn emphasissentence refersto highlightinga Commonformsofemphasis sentencesincludecertain componentinasentence throughspecific theuse ofauxiliary verbssuch asdo,adverbsgrammatical meansor vocabularyselection tosuchasindeed,really,and emphasiswords suchemphasizeits importance.as only,just,etc.Emphasizing sentencescan makethefocus ofasentence more prominent,enhancethe toneand emotionalcolor ofexpression,andmake readerspay moreattention totheemphasized content.Ellipsis presence要点一要点二SummarywordDetailed descriptionOmittedsentence refersto omittingcertain Omitted sentences usuallyomit thesubject,components inasentenceto make thesentencepredicate,or othersentencecomponentsto avoidstructuremore conciseand compact.repetition ormakethesentencemorefluent.Omittedsentencesarecommonin bothspoken andwrittenlanguage,but whenusing them,attentionshould bepaid tothe contextto avoidambiguity ormisunderstanding.感谢您的观看THANKS。