还剩24页未读,继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览,全部文档请下载后查看!喜欢就下载吧,查找使用更方便
文本内容:
Comparison of Chinese andEnglishLanguages•Introduction•Voice comparison•Vocabulary comparisonCATALOGUE•Grammar comparison目录•Pragmatic contrast•Cultural comparison01IntroductionThe purposeand significanceof comparisonTounderstand the differences and similarities between Chinese and English languagesinterms ofgrammar,vocabulary,promotion,and cultural backgroundTo explorethe historicaland culturalreasons behindthe differencesandsimilarities,and theirimpacton languageuse andcommunicationTo providea basisfor crosscultural communicationand translationbetween Chinese andEnglish,and promotethe exchangeand mutualunderstanding ofdifferent culturesMethodsand scopeof comparisonComparativelinguisticsCompare thegraphical structures,vocabulary,promotion,andwriting systemsofChineseand EnglishHistoriographyExplorethe historicaldevelopment andculturalbackgroundofChinese and English languagesPragmaticsComparethe use of languagein differentcultural contexts,including greetings,introductions,requests,etcTranslation studiesAnalyzethedifferencesand strategiesin translationbetweenChinese and English,and promotethe qualityof translation02Voice comparisonComparison of collapsiblestructuresChinese language has more complex symmetrical01structures thanEnglish Chinesemissiles arestylishlyformed bya singlemorpheme,while Englishmissilescan beformed bymultiple morphemesChinesesyntax arealso morevariables interms of02vocabulary andconsistent combinations,improvingmore flexibilityin sound combinationsChinese languagehas morehomephones than03English,meaning thatthere aremore wordsthatsound the same buthave differentmeaningsTone comparisonChineselanguagehas a tonalThe fourtones in Chinese cansystem,where thepitch ofthe createdifferent meansfor theThe tonalsystem in Chinese isvoicechanges todifferentiate samesymmetrical,while morecomplex thanEnglish,different meansof wordsEnglish releasesmore onwith eachsystolic havingitsEnglish,on theother hand,is stressand introductionto ownunique tonepatterna nontonal languageaccommodate meansPhoneticcontrastChinese andEnglish languageshave differenttelephone contrastsFor01example,Chinese has aspirated andunaspirated consonants,whileEnglish hasvoiced andvoiceless consonantsChinesealso hasmore frictionalconsultants thanEnglish,promoting a02wider rangeof soundsin thelanguageChinese languagehasagreater numberof consonantclusters than03English,allowing formorecomplexsoundcombinations03Vocabulary comparisonComparison of wordmeaningsSimilar vocabularyDifferences inDifferences inmeaningslexical meaningscontextualmeaningIn somecases,ChineseandHowever,many Chinesewords Even if thevocabulary meaningsEnglishvocabulary meaningsare do not havea directtranslation inin twolanguages aresimilar,theirvery similar,such ascomputer English,such asKung Fu,Feng meaningsin specificcontexts mayandcomputer,mobile phoneShui,Tai Chi,etc.Similarly,differ.For example,in Chinese,and mobilephone.some Englishwords do not havelover usuallyrefers tospouse,a directtranslation inChinese,while in English,lover mayrefersuch asenthusiasm,to lover.philosophy,cynicism.Comparison ofparts of speech•Part of speech correspondence:There aresome correspondingrelationshipsbetweenChineseandEnglishparts ofspeech,such asnouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbs,etc.•Part ofspeech differences:However,there aresome uniqueparts ofspeech inChinese,such asquantifiers,particles,prepositions,etc.,which donot havea directcorresponding part ofspeech in English.Similarly,someparts ofspeechin English,such asgerunds andinfinitives,donothave directcorresponding expressionsinChinese.•Differences inpartofspeech usage:Evenifthe partsofspeechin twolanguages arethesame,their usagemaydiffer.For example,verbs inChinese canexpress passive voice,while verbsinEnglishrequire the use ofauxiliaryverbs beand getto expresspassivevoice.Comparison ofWord FormationMethods•Comparison ofword formationmethods:Both Chineseand Englishuseword formationmethods to create new words,including synthesis,derivation,and abbreviation.•Comparison ofsynthesis methods:Both ChineseandEnglishuse synthesismethods to create newwords,suchas TVand mobilephone inChinese,and televisionand mobilephone inEnglish.•Comparison ofDerivative Methods:English uses derivative methodsmore frequentlythan Chinesetocreatenewwords,such asunhappiness andirresponsive inEnglish,while Chineseusesderivativemethods lessfrequently.•Comparison ofAbbreviations:Both ChineseandEnglishuse abbreviationstocreatenewwords,such ashigh-rise buildingsand high-speed railinChinese,and ATMand GPSinEnglish.04Grammar comparisonWordorder comparison要点一要点二The word order inChinese isThe word order inEnglish isrelativelyflexible relativelyfixedin Chinese,changes inwordorderusually donot inEnglish,wordorderusually followscertain rules,affect themeaning ofa sentence,for example,he such as theorder ofsubject,predicate,and object.ate an apple andhe ateanappleexpress thesamemeaning.Comparison ofpresence structuresChineseemphasizes Englishemphasizessemantic coherencehypotaxisChinese sentencestructures areThe sentencestructure inEnglish isrelativelyloose,mainly connectingrelatively rigorous,mainly connectingsentence components throughsentencecomponentsthroughsemantics,such ascoordinate grammarand vocabulary,such assentencesand flowingsentences.compound sentencesand simplesentences.Comparison ofTense andVoiceThe tense expression inChinese isrelatively simplethetenseexpressioninChineseis notas richas inEnglish,and commonlyusedtenses includepresent tense,past tense,and futuretense.The expressionof Englishtenses is more complexthere are multipletenses inEnglish,including continuous,perfect,past perfect,etc.,as wellas passivevoices invarious tenses.05Pragmatic contrastComparisonof AppellationTermsDifferences inaddressing terms:The usageof addressterms:In Gender differences inaddressingIn Chinese,addressing termsare Chinese,the usageof addressterms:In Chinese,there areveryrich,including respectfuland termsis very particular,and genderdifferences inaddressinghumble termssuch asyou,gui,different occasionsrequire theterms,such asMr.and Ms.,ling,xian,etc.,while inEnglish,useofdifferent addressterms towhile inEnglish,addressing termsthereare relativelyfew expressrespect,closeness,or are usually notgender specific.addressing terms,usually onlyformal relationships.However,inyou andsir.English,the useof addresstermsis relativelycasual.ComparisonofPolicy LanguageThedifferences inpolite The context of polite expressions:Gender differences in politeexpressions:In Chinese,polite In Chinese,the context ofpolite expressions:In Chinese,there areexpressionsare verydiverse,expressions isvery important,also genderdifferences inpoliteincluding honorificlanguage,and itis necessaryto chooseexpressions.For example,menhumble language,polite appropriateexpressions basedon areusually morestraightforwardlanguage,etc.,while inEnglish,different occasionsand andconcise,while women arepolite expressionsare relativelyrelationships.In English,the usually more gentleand delicate.simple,usually onlyplease,contextofpolite expressionsis In English,politeexpressionsarethank you,etc.relatively simple.usually notgender specific.ComparisonofEuphemisms•Differences inEuphemism:In Chinese,theuseof euphemismsis verycommonand oftenused toavoid awkwardor inappropriateexpressions,suchasusing deathinstead ofdeath anddatinginstead ofdating.English alsohasarich varietyof euphemisms,butthere aredifferences fromthe euphemisticways inChinese.•Thecontextof euphemism:In Chinese,the contextof euphemismis alsoveryparticular,and appropriateeuphemismsneed tobe selectedaccording todifferent situationsand relationships.InEnglish,the contextofeuphemism isrelatively simple.•Genderdifferencesin euphemisms:In Chinese,therearealso genderdifferencesineuphemisms.For example,menareusuallymorestraightforward andconcise,while womenareusuallymore euphemisticand delicate.InEnglish,euphemisms usuallydonotdistinguish betweengenders.06Cultural comparisonValuecomparisonConfucianism vs.Christian Collectivismvs.IndividualismConfucianism emphasizesfibrous Piety,respect forChinese culture is morecollectivist,playing familyElders,and socialharmony,while Christianand groupinterests aboveindividual ones,whilepromotions individualsalvation andthe loveof Westerncultureis more individualistic,God emphasizingpersonal freedomand self-expressionComparison ofThinking StylesCircularvs.LinearChinese thinkingis toocircular,emphasizing contextand relationships,while Englishthinkingis morelinear,emphasizing logicand structureAbstractvs.ConcreteChinese languageismoreabstract,using methodologiesand symbols,while Englishis moreconcrete,using specificwords todescribe thingsComparisonof SocialCustomsGive GivingFace andHonorIn China,giving giftsis away toInChineseculture,face andhoneyshow respectand recommendation,are highlyvalued,with afocus onoftenwith attachmentsIn theWest,VS savingface andmaintaining diversitygivingismorecasual andless InEnglish speakingcultures,theseexpected conceptsare lessemphasizedTHANK YOU。