还剩22页未读,继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览,全部文档请下载后查看!喜欢就下载吧,查找使用更方便
文本内容:
2017Senior HighSchoolEnglish NewCurriculumStaCONTENTS•Fundamentals ofSentenceStructure•Mastery ofsentence types•Sentence TenseUnderstanding•Sentence voiceunderstanding•Understanding nonfiniteverbs01Fundamentals ofSentence StructureSubjecttypeSimple subjectAbsolute constructionA noun ornoun phrase that Asubject thatconsists of a nounfunctions as thesubject of the or pronoun followedby asentence.participial phraseor aclause.Complex subjectAsubject thatconsists ofmorethan one part,such as a subjectcomplementor arelative clause.Predicate typeSimplepredicateA verb or verb phrasethat functionsasthepredicate of the sentence.Complex predicateApredicate thatconsists ofmore thanonepart,such as a predicateadjective or a participialphrase.Coordinated predicateAverb orverb phrasethat iscoordinated withanotherverborverbphrase,usually usingaconjunction suchas andor but.Object typeDirectobject01A noun or pronounthat directlyreceives the action ofthe verb.Indirect object02Anounorpronounthat receives the actionofthe verb indirectly,usually referring to theperson orthing thatbenefits fromtheaction.Object complement03A complementthat completesthe meaningoftheobject,suchas anadjective ora nounphrase.Adverbial typesAdverbialclauseA clausethatfunctionsas an adverbial1modifier,usually introducinga subordinateclause.Adverbial phraseAgroup ofwords thatfunction as an2adverbial modifier,usually consistingof anadverband itscomplement.Prepositional phraseAgroup ofwords thatconsists of a3preposition andits object,usuallyfunctioning asanadverbialmodifier.02Mastery ofsentence typesDeclarativesentenceDeclarative sentenceAstatement thatexpresses afact oran opinion.It is the mostcommon sentencetype andusuallyends witha period..Example:The schoolis locatedin thecenter ofthe city.Tips forwriting declarativesentencesEnsure that the informationis accurateand objective,use clearand conciselanguage,and avoidusingthe firstperson singularI unlessnecessary.Interrogative sentenceInterrogativesentenceA questionthat asksfor informationoraresponse.It usuallyends witha questionmark.Example:Do youknow wherethe libraryisTips forwriting interrogativesentencesUse疑问词to beginthe sentence,maintain an appropriate tone,and avoidasking leadingquestionsthat suggestthe answer.Imperative sentenceImperativesentenceA commandor request.It usuallyends witha period.or anexclamationmark!.Example:Close thedoor!Tips forwriting imperativesentencesUse祈使语气to conveya senseof urgencyor importance,be specificabouttheactionrequired,and avoidsounding bossyor rude.Exclamation sentenceExclamationsentence Tipsfor writingexclamationsentencesAnexpression ofstrong emotionor Use感叹号!to endthe sentence,usesurprise.It usuallyends withanappropriateexclamation wordsorexclamation mark!and mayinclude phrasesto conveythe desiredemotion,an exclamationword orphrase.and ensurethattheexclamation isExample:How amazingthis discoverywarranted andnot overdone.is!03Sentence TenseUnderstandingPresent tensePresentSimple01Present ContinuousPresentPerfect0203Present Tenseof ModalPresentPerfect0405VerbsContinuousPast tenseSimplePastPast Tenseof ModalVerbs PastContinuousPast PerfectContinuous PastPerfectfuture tenseSimpleFutureFuture ContinuousFuturePerfectFuture PerfectContinuous04Sentence voiceunderstandingActive voiceActivevoiceThe sentencevoice inwhichthe subjectperforms theactiondescribed by the verb.ExampleThe dogchased thecat.The subjectdog performstheaction chased.passive voicePassivevoiceThe sentencevoice inwhich thesubjectreceivestheactiondescribed bytheverb.ExampleThe catwas chasedbythedog.The subjectcat receivestheaction chased.05Understanding nonfinite verbsInfinitiveInfinitiveisthebasic form ofa verb,without anytense,person,or number.Itcan functionasasubject,object,or complementin a sentence.Infinitive can be formed by addingto tothe baseform ofa verb,e.g.,torun,to eat.Infinitive canalso be formedbyjust usingthe baseform ofa verbwithoutto,e.g.,run,eat.GerundGerunds show actionthat isongoing orincomplete.Gerund isa verbformthat endsin-ing andfunctionsasasubject orGerundscanbeformedobject inasentence.by adding-ingtothebase form ofa verb,e.g.,running,eating.participleParticiple isa verbform that is usedasanadjective todescribe anounorpronoun.Participle canshowactionthatiscompleted pastparticiple orongoing presentparticiple.Participle canbeformedby adding-ed tothe baseformofaverbfor thepastparticiple,and byjust usingthe baseformofaverbfor thepresent participle,e.g.,run presentparticiple,eaten pastparticiple.谢谢您的聆听THANKS。