2011高考英语二轮复习课件专题9　数词和主谓一致

Topic9of the2011College EntranceExaminationE•The Usageof Numerals目录•The ruleof subjectverb consistencyCONTENTS•Special casesof subjectverb consistency•Practice andAnalysis ofSubject verbConsistency01CHAPTERThe Usageof NumeralsCardinalnumeralDefinition UsageExampleA cardinalnumeral isa Usecardinal numeralsto Ihave twoapples.number thatexpresses acount expressprecise countsoror quantity,such asone,quantities,especially whentwo,three.referring tospecific itemsorgroups.Ordinal number wordsDefinitionAn ordinalnumberwordexpresses theposition ororder ofsomething,such asfirst,second,third.UsageUse ordinalnumber wordswhen referringto specificpositionsor orders,especially inlists orrankings.ExampleShe isthe thirdin line.Expression offractionsDefinitionA fractionexpresses apart ofa wholeor apart ofa number,such ashalf,quarter,three-quarters.UsageUse fractionsto expresspartial quantitiesor partsof awhole.Fractions can be writtenas decimalsor percentages.ExampleThe cakeis three-quarters done.02CHAPTERThe ruleof subjectverbconsistencygrammatical concordSummaryThegrammatical concordrule requires that the subject and verb ofa sentenceagree in theirgrammatical forms.DescriptionThis rule ensures that the subject and verbhave thesame grammaticalnumbersingular orplural andperson first,second,or third.For example,in thesentence The cat is running,the subjectcatis singular and the verb is isalsosingular,following thegrammatical concordrule.Consistent in meaningSummary DescriptionTheconsistent inmeaning rulerequires that the Thisrule ensuresthatthe subject and verb aresubjectandverbagreein their semanticsemantically consistent,meaning thattheymeanings.express acoherent thoughtor idea.For example,inthesentenceThegroup of students arestudying,thesubjectgroup of students ispluraland the verb areis alsoplural,followingthe consistentinmeaningrule.Adjacent consistencySummaryDescriptionThe adjacent consistency rulerequiresthatthe Thisruleensuresthatthesubjectandverb aresubjectandverbbe adjacentto eachother.directly nextto eachother,without anyinterveningwords orphrases.For example,in thesentenceThe cat,the dog,andthemouse areplaying,thesubjectcat,the dog,and themouseis followedimmediately bythe verb are,following theadjacentconsistencyrule.03CHAPTERSpecial casesof subjectverbconsistencySubject verbagreement ofparallel subjectsParallelsubjectsWhen twoor moresubjects arejoined byand oror,the verbmust agreewith thesubject closestto it.For example:John andMary andtheir familiesshould beJohn andMary andtheir familiesarecoming.ExceptionIf thesubjects arejoined byor,the verbcan agreewith thefirst subjectif itis clearfrom the context.For example:Either John or Mary or their families can be EitherJohnorMaryortheirfamiliesiswelcome.Subject verbconsistency insubordinate clausesSubordinateclauses ExceptionWhena subject is ina subordinateIf thesubject ofthe subordinateclause,the verbmust agreewith theclause ismodified byan adjectiveorsubject closestto it.For example:VS adverb,the verbcan agreewith theThebook thatI amreading is very modifiedsubject.For example:Theinteresting.book,which waswritten bya famousauthorisverypopular.Subject verbconsistency ininverted sentencesInvertedsentences ExceptionWhena subjectis placedafter theverb,If thesubjectismodified byanthe verbmust agreewith thesubject adjectiveor adverb,theverbcan agreeclosesttoit.For example:Is thatthe withthe modifiedsubject.For example:man who you sawshould beIs thatIs thatthe man,who waswearing ahat,the manwho you saw whoyousawcanbeIs thatthe man,who waswearing ahat,whoyousaw04CHAPTERPractice andAnalysis ofSubjectverb ConsistencyExercisequestionsExercise1Exercise2Subjects:the number of employeesand Subject:the amountof money;Verbs:the numberof hours;Verbs:is andare.is andare.Exercise3Subject:the percentageofstudents;Verbs:is andare.Answer AnalysisAnswer to Exercise Answerto ExerciseAnswertoExercise123The correct answer is The The correctanswer is TheThecorrectanswerisThenumber of employees is high,but amountof moneyis large.The percentageofstudentsishigh.the numberof hoursis low.The subject the amountof moneyisThesubjectthepercentage ofsubjectthe numberof singular,so theverb is is studentsissingular,so theverbemployees issingular,so theappropriate.isis appropriate.verb isisappropriate.Thesubject the numberofhours isalsosingular,but theverbareisused instead,which isincorrect.Error proneanalysisSome studentsmay confusethe usage of numberand amount.While bothcanbeused as singular subjects,the usagedepends onthecontext.For example,thenumberofemployeesshould useis,but theamount ofmoneyshould useis.Another commonmistake isthe confusionbetween theusageofpercentage andother collectivenouns.Collective nounssuch asgroup orteam areusually plural,but whenused witha quantifiersuch asthemajority of,they canbe treatedassingular.However,percentage isalways singularand shouldbe followedbythe singularverbis.THANKS谢谢。