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2011College EntranceExaminationEnglish SecondR•The typesand functionsof nouns•The typesand functionsof articles•Special usageof nouns and articles•Mistake proneknowledge pointsof目nounsandarticles录contents01The typesand functionsofnounsProper terminology01Proper nouns:names ofspecific individuals,organizations,events,etc.02Proper nouns are alwayscapitalized.03Example:John,Apple,World CupCommonnoun01Common nouns are used to refer to aclassof thingsor people.02They arenot capitalizedunless theyare thefirstword ofa sentenceor atitle.03Example:car,dog,teacherAbstract nounAbstractnounsareused todescribe ideas,qualities,emotions,etc.thatare notphysical.Example:happiness,love,knowledgeMaterial nounMaterialnounsareused todescribe thingsthat havephysical form.Example:stone,wood,metal02The typesand functionsofarticlesThe definite article theTypesThedefinitearticle the is usedtoreferto a specificperson,place,thing,or ideathat hasbeenpreviously mentionedor iswell-known.FunctionsThe definitearticlethehas severalfunctions,including indicatinga specificinstance ofathing,emphasizing aparticular person,place,or thing,and providingclarity when referringto abstractideas or generalizations.Indefinite articlea oranTypes FunctionsTheindefinite articlesa andan Theindefinite articlesa andanare usedto introduce a newperson,serve tointroducea general categoryplace,thing,or ideathat hasnot VSof thingsor ideas,emphasize thebeenpreviously mentioned.uniqueness orindividuality ofaperson,place,or thing,and provideclaritywhenreferringto abstractideasorgeneralizations.zero article要点一要点二Types FunctionsZero article refersto theabsence ofthe definiteZeroarticleisusedin certaincases wherethearticle theand theindefinite articlesa oran contextis clearand there is no need to specifywhen referringtoaperson,place,thing,or idea.whether theperson,place,thing,or ideais specificorgeneral.For example,in thesentence Ilike readingbooks,thereisnoneedtospecifywhether itis aspecificbook orageneralcategory ofbooks.03Special usageof nounsandarticlesSpecial Usesof Nouns抽象名词的具体化集合名词的复数形式物质名词的量化抽象名词通常表示概念或情感,有些集合名词,如“audience”、物质名词通常不使用量化词,如但在某些语境中,它们可以被具“family”,在表示整体时是单“much”、“many”,但在某体化为有形的事物例如,数,但当表示个体成员时则用复些情况下可以用量化词表示数量“success”通常是一个抽象名词,数例如,“The audience例如,“How muchwater is表示“成功”,但在句子“She is/are veryresponsive.”there in the glass”wears abadge ofsuccessaround herneck.”中,“success”被具体化为一个徽章Special usageof articles010203零冠词冠词与否定词冠词与最高级在一些固定短语或习惯用法中,在否定句中,冠词可能会与否定在形容词最高级前通常需要加定冠词可能会被省略,如“go to词连用,如“I dontlike the冠词“the”,如“The mostbed”、“inthemorning”color ofthe car.”中的“the”beautiful caris theBentley.”04Mistake proneknowledgepoints ofnouns andarticlesThePlural FormNouns名词复数形式的常见错误学生在使用名词复数时常常会出现形式错误,如忘记添加“-s”或“-es”,或者在不应该变为复数的名词后面加上了复数形式Omission ofarticles遗漏冠词的常见错误在句子中,学生常常忘记使用冠词,如“a”、“an”或“the”这可能是因为对冠词的用法不熟悉或者对句子语境理解不准确The specificand generalreferences ofarticles冠词的特指和泛指用法错误学生对于冠词的特指和泛指用法常常混淆,例如在应该使用特指冠词的时候使用了泛指冠词,或者在应该使用泛指冠词的时候使用了特指冠词这可能是因为对冠词的语义理解不够深入THANKS感谢观看。