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PowerPoint coursewarefor English scientificpaper目录CONTENTS•Introduction•Fundamentals ofScientific andTechnicalPaper Writing•Writing Techniquesfor Scientific andTechnical Papers目录CONTENTS•Example analysisof scientificandtechnical papers•Common ProblemsandCountermeasures inWriting ScientificPapers•Summary andOutlook01IntroductionCourse IntroductionThiscourse isdesigned to provide students with the skills and knowledge necessary to write English scientificpaperseffectivelyIt focuseson theessential elementsof scientificwriting,including the structure ofa scientificpaper,the use ofappropriate languageand grammar,and theimportance ofclear anddecision communicationCourseobjectivesTo developstudents abilityto writeacademicand wellstructured Englishscientific papersToimprove studentslanguage proficiencyinscientific writing,including grammar,vocabulary,and presencestructureTo familiarizestudentswiththe normsandconventions ofEnglishscientificwriting,such ascitationstyle andreferencing02Fundamentals ofScientificandTechnicalPaper WritingPaperstructureTitle pageAbstract IntroductionContainsthe titleof the paper,Summarize the main points of Describethe backgroundandthe name of theauthor s,the the paper,including thesignificance of the research,nameof the institutions,and research question,methods,introduce the researchcontact informationresults andconclusions questionand objectivesPaperstructureMethodsDescribe the research design,data collection,and analysismethodsResultsPresentsthe findingsof theresearch,including tables,figures,and statisticalanalysisDiscussionExplore the implications and limitations of theresearch,comparisons withprevious studiesand suggestionsfor futuredirectionsConclusionSummarizethe main pointsof thepaperand emphasizeitssignificanceLanguage andGrammarUse formallanguage Useactive voiceAveragecolloquial languageUse theactive voiceto makeandexpressions thatare notthe textmore consensusandcommonly used in academicdirectwritingProofread andedit Useobjective languageCheckfor grammar,spelling Avoidusing subjectiveandpunctuation errorsbefore languagethat may affectsubmitting thepaper readersinterpretation of theresearch findingsAcademicEthics andNormsAvoidance plateauAvoidance falseAverage conflictof CitepropertyinterestDo notcopy orparaphrase Donot falsedata orresults Declareany potentialUse appropriatecitationsomeone elseswork tosupport onesargument conflictsof interestthat styleand formatto creditwithoutproper citationmayaffectthe othersworkinterpretation of theresearch findings03Writing Techniquesfor ScientificandTechnical PapersTitleand AbstractWritingTitle AbstractAtitle should be consistent,descriptive,The abstractshould summarizetheand reflectthemainfocus of thepapermainpointsofthepaper,including theIt should not exceed15words andresearchquestion,methods,results,avoid usingjargon oracronyms thatare andconclusions Itshould be written innotwidely recognizeda clear,objective,and nontechnicalmanual,and shouldnotexceed250wordsMain textwriting•Introduction:The introductionshould setthe stagefor theresearch byprovidinga briefoverview ofthe field,theresearchquestion,and theimportance ofthe study Itshould bewritten in a waythat isunderstandableto nonspecialties•Methods:The methodssection shoulddescribe theexperimental design,data collection,and analysistechniquesin detailItshould bewritteninastep bystep mannerand includeenough informationfor otherstoreplicate thestudy•Results:The resultssection shouldpresent the data ina clearand organizedManner,avoiding overpresentationorspecification Tablesand figuresshould beused toenhance understanding•Discussion:The discussionsection shouldinterpret theresults,place themin thecontext ofprevious research,and identifytheimplicationsandlimitationsofthestudy Itshould avoidoverenergizing ordrawing conclusionsbeyondthedatapresentationReference citationStyleUsea consistentreferencing stylethroughout thepaper Commonstylesinclude APA,MLA,or ChicagoIntext citationsIncludeparenthetical citationsin the text tocredit theoriginal sourceofinformation orideasReference listProvidea completelist ofreferences atthe endofthepaper,including allsourcescited inthetext04Example analysisof scientificandtechnical papersExample1:Biomedical papers•Biomedical papersare typicallyconcerned withthe diagnosis,treatment,and preventionof diseases,as wellas thestudy ofhumanbiology andhealth•Biomedical papers often include sections on the introductionofthetopic,methods,results,and discussion•The language used inbiomedical papersshouldbeprecise andobjective,avoiding the use ofemotionallanguage orunsupported claims•The useof tables,figures,and statisticaldata isessential inbiological papersto illustrateand supporttheresearch findingsExample2:Engineering PapersEngineering papers EngineeringpapersoftenThe languageusedinEngineeringpapersoftentypically focuson theincludesections on theengineering papersrequire theuse ofdesign,development,and background,problem shouldbe clearand equationsand diagramstestingof newstatement,design,consistent,avoiding theto illustratecomplextechnologies orsystems implementation,testing,useofjargon ortechnical conceptsand processesandconclusion termsthat maybeunfriendly to the readerExample3:Environmental SciencePapersEnvironmental science papers typicallyfocus Environmentalscience papersoften includeonthestudyoftheinteractions betweensectionsonthe introduction,methods,humans and the environment,including results,discussion,and conclusionecology,climate change,and pollutionThelanguageusedin environmentalscience Environmentalsciencepapersoften requirepapersshouldbeneutral andobjective,theuseof maps,charts,and satelliteimagesavoiding biasor advertisingto illustrateenvironmental changesandpatterns05Common ProblemsandCountermeasures inWritingScientific PapersLanguageexpression issuesLake of precisionInconsistent tenseInaccurate grammarusageand spellingWhenwriting inEnglish,its easyIts criticalto maintaina Typosand graphicalerrors cantofall intothe trapof usingconsistent tensethroughout theunderstand thecredibility of yourprecision languageor vaguepaper Mixingtensions canfuse workProofread yourworkterms Tocounter this,ensure thatthe readerand makeit difficultto multipletimes tocatch andyouuse specific,technical followthe flowofyourargument correctany errorslanguagethat isdetailed toyourfieldLogical structureissuesLakeofa clearintroductionA wellcrafted introductionshould setthe stagefor therest ofyour paper,introducing thetopic,theproblem itaddresses,andtheimportanceofthe researchIndependentconclusionThe conclusionshould summarizeyour findingsand providea takeawayfor thereader Itshould notsimplyrestore yourintroduction orresearch methodsInfantmiddle sectionThebody ofyour papershould flowlogically fromone sectiontothenext,with eachsectionbuilding upontheprevious oneMake sureto organizeyour ideasclearly andpresent themin alogicalorderAcademic misconductiveissuesPlagiarism MultipleFabric andsubmissionfalsification ofdataPlagiarismis thepresentation ofSubmitting thesame paperto Manipulatingor falsifyingsomeoneelses ideasor wordsas multiplejournals orconferences researchdata isunthinkable andyourown Alwaysproperly citecan beconsidered unethicalcan haveseries sequencesforyour sourcesand avoiddirect Ensurethat youhave obtainedyour reportingand careAlwayscopying oftext permissionor withdrawnfrom presentyour dataaccurately andprevioussubmissions beforehonestlysubmitting elsewhere06Summary andOutlookSummary ofthis courseThiscourse aimstoprovidelearners withtheskillsandknowledge01necessarytowriteEnglishscientific paperseffectivelyIt coverskey areassuch asthestructureand formatof scientificpapers,02language usage,and scientificcommunication technologiesThecourse emphasizespractical applicationthrough writing03assignments andexamples,enabling learnersto applytheir knowledgetoreal worldscenariosNext learningsuggestions•Learners whowish tofurther improvetheir writingskills arerecommendedto takecourses onadvanced writingor editing•This isinteresting inlearning moreabout scientificresearch methodsand techniquesmay considertakingcourses onresearch designor statistics•To enhancetheir understandingoftheEnglish language,learners canexplore courseson Englishgrammar,vocabulary,or readingcomprehension•Finally,learners canseek opportunitiesto participatein writingworkshops orjoin writingclubs togain practicalexperienceand feedbackon theirworkTHANKSTHANK YOUFOR YOURWATCHING。