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Huazhong AgriculturalUniversityMicrobiologyEngl目录CONTENTS•Introduction•Types ofMicroorganisms•Microbial Metabolism•Microbial LifeProcesses•Microbial Ecology•Microbial Pathogenesisand Disease01IntroductionDefinition ofMicrobiologyIt involvesthe investmentofmicroorganisms structure,function,andinteraction withtheir environmentMicrobiologyis thestudy ofmicroorganisms,including bacteria,viruses,fungi,protozoa,and algaeMicrobiologyalso explorestheapplication of microorganisms invariousfields such as medicine,industry,and agricultureImportanceof MicrobiologyMicrobiologyplays acritical rolein understandingthe microbialworldand itsimpact onour dailylivesIt providesfundamental knowledgefor thedevelopment ofnewdrugs and vaccines tocombat diseasesMicrobiologyalso contributesto theimprovement offood safetyandproduction methodsin theagricultural industryHistoryand Developmentof MicrobiologyMicrobiologyhas along historydating backto the17th centurywhen01Antonie vanLeeuwenhoek firstobserved microorganismsusing amicroscopeThefield hassince thenmade significantprogress in the understanding02of microbialdiversity and their roles in variousecosystemsThe developmentof antibioticsandvaccinesinthe20th centuryhas03greatly contributedto thecontrol andprevention ofinfectious diseases02Types ofMicroorganismsBacteriaBacteriaare single celled They are promotionsand Bacteriaplay importantThey can be beneficial,neutral,or pathologicaltomicroorganisms thatlake athe mostnumerical and roles inbiogeochemicalhumans and othercell nucleusand otherdiverse groupof cycles,symbolicorganizationsorganelles microorganismson Earthrelationships,and humanhealthFungiFungiare eucaryotic microorganisms thatinclude years,molds,01and roomsThey are heterotrophic and candigest organic matter to02attract energyand nutrientsFungiplay important roles incomposition,nutrient cycling,03and symbolicrelationships withplants andanimalsSome fungiare editableand haveculinary uses,while others04can causediseases inplants andanimalsProtozooa01Protozooa aresinglecelledeucaryoticmicroorganisms that aremobileand canmove throughliquid environments02They areheterotrophicandcan feedon bacteria,algae,ororganic matter03Protozooa playimportant roles in aquaticand terrestrialecosystems,where theyhelp tocontrol othermicrobialpopulations04Some protozooacan causediseases inhumans and otheranimals,such asmalaria andamoebiasisAlgaeAlgae playimportantroles inAlgae are photosynthetic0103aquatic ecosystems,whereeucaryotic microorganismstheycontribute toprimarythat can be unicellularorproduction andnutrientmulticellularcyclingThey arefound in aquatic Somealgae haveeconomic0204environments,including importance,being usedasfreshwater,seawater,and foodsources orfor theevensnow productionof biofuelslikeorganisms03MicrobialMetabolismAutomotive MetabolismAutomotivemetabolism is the processin which01microorganisms produce their ownfood frominorganicsubstrates Thisprocess isalso knownasprimary productionAutomotivebacteria are those thatcan useinorganic02substances as their sourceof carbonand energyTheyarephotosyntheticbacteria thatuse lightenergyto convertcarbon dioxideinto organicmatterAutomotivearchea arethose thatcan useinorganic03substances astheir sourceof carbonand energyTheyare chemical,meaning theycan useinorganicsubstances such as sulfur,iron,or nitrateto produceenergyHeterotrophicMetabolismHeterotrophic metabolismistheHeterotrophic bacteriaarethoseHeterotrophic archeaare thoseprocessin whichmicroorganisms thatcannot producetheir ownwho cannotproducetheir ownadhere totheir energyand carbonfood and must consultorganic food andmustconsult organicfromorganicmatterThese matterto surveyTheyarefound matterto surveyTheyarefoundmicroorganisms cannotproduce ina wide range of environments,inawiderangeofenvironments,theirownfoodandmust includingthe humangut,soil,and includingthe gutof runners,hotconsume preexisting organicwater springs,and thedeep subsurfacematterto surveyCultivationand RespirationMicroorganismscanbecultured indifferent environments,such ason solidsurfaces orin liquidmedia Thechoiceof cultivationenvironment dependson thetype ofmicrobiology andthe desiredoutcome of the experienceorstudyRespiration isthe processin whichmicroorganisms generateenergy byoxidizing organicmatter orinorganicsubstances Thisprocess releasesenergy thatcanbeused tosynthesize ATP.Different microorganismshavedifferent breathingpatterns,suchasaerobic respiration,anaerobic respiration,and fermentation.04Microbial LifeProcessesCellStructure andFunctionCell membraneComposition,function,and transportprocesses acrossthemembraneCell wallStructure,function,androlein maintainingcell shapeandprotecting thecellOrganizationsDifferent types,functions,and examplesof organizationsfound in bacteria and eucaryoticmicroorganismsGrowth andReproductionBinary sessionProcessof bacterialcell divisionandreproductionBudding MultiplicationFormationof DaughterCells inYeast Reproductionof viruses and theirlifeand OtherEucaryotic MicroorganismscyclesGenetics andEvolutionDNA structureand functionChromosomeorganization,gene1expression andregulationMutationTypes,causes andeffects onmicrobial2fitness andevolutionNatural selectionMechanismsand examplesof natural3selection inmicroorganismsBiotechnology andBioprocessingRecommendationMicrobial productionof alcohol,wine,yogurt,andothernegotiated foodsBiomediaUseof microorganismsto cleanup pollutantsinthe environmentBiopharmaceuticalProductionof antibiotics,vaccines andotherbiopharmaceuticals usingmicroorganisms05Microbial EcologyMicrobialPopulation andCommunitiesMicrobial population:The numberof Microbialcommunity:A groupofmicroorganisms ina certainenvironment ormicroorganismsthatinteract witheach otherhabitatand theirenvironment,forming acomplexecosystemMicrobial diversity:The diversityof Microbialallowance:The totalnumber ofmicroorganismsfoundina specificmicroorganisms ina givenenvironment orenvironmentor community,including theirhabitat,commonly measuredin termsof cellgeneticdifferences andecological countor biomassadaptationsMicrobialInteractions withOther OrganizationsSymbiosisParasitism PredictionCompetitionA close,long termA relationshipbetween oneOne organization the Twoor moreorganizationsrelationship betweenorganization theparallel predictorkilling andmeeting forlimiteddifferent organizationsthat andanother thehost,in consultinganother resourcessuchasfood,benefits atleast oneofthewhich theparallel benefitsorganizationthepre forspace,or territorypartnerswhile causingharm tothe foodhostMicrobialInhabitants of Specific Habitats e.g.,Soil,Water,Air,Animals,PlantsSoil microbiologyAquatic AtmosphericmicrobiologymicrobiologyThe studyof microorganismsThe studyof microorganismsThe studyof microorganismsthat includes soil,their rolesin that includes waterbodies,that includesthe atmosphere,soil fertilityand plant growth,including lakes,rivers,oceans,including theirrolesincloudand theirinteractions withandotheraquatic formationand atmosphericeachother andthe environmentschemistryenvironmentMicrobial InhabitantsofSpecificHabitatse.g.,Soil,Water,Air,Animals,PlantsAnimal associatedmicrobiologyThe studyof microorganismsthatincludesanimals,including theirrolesinanimal healthanddiseasePlant associatedmicrobiologyThe studyofmicroorganismsthatincludesplants,including theirrolesinplantgrowthandhealth,as wellastheirinteractions withother microorganismsandtheenvironmentMicrobial06Pathogenesis andDiseasePathogenic Microorganisms and Diseases inHumansPathogenicbacteriaanddiseases01Salmonella entryand salmonellosis02Escherichia coliO157:H7and entryis03PathogenicMicroorganisms and DiseasesinHumans•Staphylococcus aureusandStaphylococcal infectionsPathogenicMicroorganisms and Diseases inHumansPathogenicviruses anddiseasesInfluenza virusand influenzaPathogenicMicroorganisms andDiseases inHumansHIVand AIDSHepatitisB virusand HepatitisBPathogenic MicroorganismsandDiseases inAnimalsPathogenic bacteriaand diseasesMycobacteriumbovis andbovine tuberculosisBrucellaabortus andbrucellosisPathogenic MicroorganismsandDiseasesinAnimals•Lawsonia intracellarisandpolar proliferativeenteropathyPathogenicMicroorganismsandDiseasesinAnimalsPathogenicvirusesanddiseases1Equine herpesvirusand equineherpesvirus2myelocephalopathyCanine parvovirusand Canineparvovirus3entryis感谢您的观看THANKS。