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有机化学英文课件Chapter11Introduction toAlcohols.Definition andClassification1Definition of alcohols2Classification of alcoholsAn organiccompound containinga Primary,secondary,and tertiaryhydroxyl-OH groupbonded toa alcohols based on the number ofcarbon atom.carbon atomsbonded tothe carbonatomwith thehydroxyl group.Nomenclature andClassificationIUPAC nomenclatureThesystem fornaming alcoholsusing prefixesand suffixesto indicatethestructure andfunctional group.Naming branched-chain alcoholsSpeciallydesignated prefixesfor alcoholswith branchedcarbon chains.Classification basedon thenumberofOH groupsMonohydric,dihydric,and polyhydricalcoholsbasedonthenumber ofhydroxylgroups present.Preparation ofAlcoholsHydration ofalkenes Reductionof carbonylOxymercuration-compounds demercurationofAddition of water toanalkenesalkene usingacid catalystsHydrogenation oruse oftoform alcohols.reducing agentsto convertReaction ofalkenes withcarbonylcompounds intomercuric acetatefollowedalcohols.by reductionto formalcohols.Physical andChemical PropertiesHydrogenbonding Watersolubility Acidityand basicityAlcoholsform hydrogenSmaller alcoholsare Alcoholscan actas weakbonds,leading tohigher solublein waterdue tothe acidsor basesdependingboiling pointscompared toformation ofhydrogen onthe reactionconditions.similar hydrocarbons.bonds withwatermolecules.Alcohol ReactionsEsterificationDehydration ofalcohols Oxidationof alcoholsReactionbetween analcohol Removalofwatermolecules Primaryalcohols canbeand acarboxylic acidto fromalcohols toform oxidizedto aldehydesorform anester andwater.alkenes.carboxylic acids,whilesecondary alcoholscan beoxidizedto ketones.Biologically ImportantAlcoholsCholesterol EthanolGlycerolAn essentialalcohol inA psychoactiveA keycomponent offatsthe body,playing arole compoundfound inand oils,used in variousin cellmembrane alcoholicbeverages,industries includingstructureand hormoneproduced bythe cosmeticsand foodproduction.fermentation ofsugars.production.ConclusionSummary Importancein FutureDirectionsChemical andRecapof themain pointsExploring potentialareasBiological Processescoveredin thischapter,of researchandincluding alcoholdefinition,Highlighting thecrucial advancementsin thefieldclassification,and roleofalcoholsinvariousofalcoholsand theirreactions.chemical reactionsand applications.their significanceinbiological systems.。