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《罗马人法律》课PPT件An introductionto thefascinating worldof Roman law,with itscomplexsystem,influential experts,and enduringlegacy.Introduction to Roman LawHistoryKey ImportanceCharacteristicsRomanlaw originatedThe foundation of thein the5th centuryLegal systembased onWestern legal system,BCE andevolved overwritten laws,and stillrelevantthe centuries.widespread useof todayin manyprecedents,and ancountries aroundtheemphasis onjustice world.and fairness.Development of Roman LawEarlyPeriod RepublicEra EmpireEraThe TwelveTables wereAs Romegrew inwealth Withthe establishmentofcreated tocodify existingand power,the needfor aa centralizedgovernmentlaws,and oraltradition moresophisticated legalunder theemperors,theplayed alarge rolein legal system emerged.Lawyers lawbecame moreproceedings.and jurisconsultsbecame systematicandmore influential.comprehensive.TheInstitutes,Digest,andCodex of Justinian werecreated.The TwelveTables1EstablishmentCreated in451-450BCE inresponse tosocial unrest.A setof lawsinscribedon bronzetablets displayedin theForum.2Key ProvisionsIncludedrules onproperty ownership,debt,inheritance,andmarriage.Established theprinciple ofequality underthe law.3InfluenceThe TwelveTables served as thefoundation ofall subsequentRomanlaw andhelped toensure stabilityand justicein Romansociety.Sources of Roman Law•Jus Civile:Based onthe lawsof thecity ofRome andappliedonly toRoman citizens.•Jus Gentium:Based onthe rulesapplied indealingsbetween Romans and non-Romansandeventually becamethefoundationofinternational law.•Precedent:Based onprevious courtdecisions and theopinions of legal experts.•Edict:Annual pronouncementsof thepraetor,the chiefmagistrate,which clarifiedand expandedthe law.Roman LegalSystemDivisionsThe Roman legal system was dividedinto twomain branches:public andprivate law.Adversarial SystemTheRomanlegalsystemwasbased onan adversarialmodel,in whichtwoparties presentevidence andarguments beforea judgeor magistrate.Roman LegalExpertsScavola UlpiaSeverina JustinianAnexpert incivil lawwho Borninthe late2nd Ruledfrom527to565servedasconsul in95century CE,Severina wasCE andoversaw amassiveBCE.Wrote extensivelyon oneof thefew womenin codificationofRomanlaw,legal topics.history toattain theincluding thecreation ofstatusof jurist.the Digestand the Codex.The Institutesof Gaius1OverviewWritten inthelate2nd centuryCE byGaius,a Romanjurist.A systematicintroductiontoRomanlaw,covering thekey areasof law andthelegalprocess.2SignificanceOne of the mostinfluential workson Romanlaw.Helped tolegitimize theideaof lawas asubject ofscholarly studyand contributedto thedevelopment of theWestern legaltradition.The Digestof Justinian1ContentAlso knownas thePandects.A collectionoflegalopinions andwritings byRomanjurists,compiled andedited duringthe reignofJustinian.2StructureComprised of50volumes andorganized thematically.Topics coveredincludeproperty,obligations,torts,and criminallaw.3SigificanceThe Digestwas themost importantsingle sourceofRomanlaw intheMiddle Agesand continuesto havean impacton legaleducation andpracticetoday.The Codexof JustinianContentStructure SignificanceAnupdated andrevised Comprisedof12books,The Codexhelped toversionof the Roman whichcovered topicssuch standardizeRoman lawlegalcode,issued byas criminallaw,property,and playeda keyrole inJustinianin529CE.and inheritance.Later thedevelopmentoflegalIntended tosimplify andlegal codesborrowed systemsthroughoutclarify the law.heavily fromtheCodex.Europe andbeyond.Influence ofRoman LawCanonicalLaw Civil Law CommercialLawThe legalsystem ofthe Thelegal systemsof ManymodernCatholic Church,which manyEuropean commerciallawis basedin parton countriesare based on concepts,such asRomanlaw.Romanlaw,including contracts,torts,andthose ofFrance,bankruptcy,have theirGermany,Spain,and originsin Romanlaw.Italy.Influence onModern LegalSystemsCommon LawCivilLawInternational LawThelegalsystemof Thelegalsystemused inThe principlesofEngland andmany ofits manynon-English internationallaw,whichformer colonies,basedonspeaking countries,based governrelations betweencaselawandlegal onwritten legalcodes andnations andare enshrinedprecedents.Influenced byinterpreted byjudges.in treaties,are influencedRomanlaw throughthe Directlydescended fromby Romanlaw conceptsCatholicChurch andtheRomanlaw.such asjus gentium.works ofRoman legalscholars.Roman LegalTerms andConcepts•Actio:A legalremedy orcause ofaction.•Ius Civile:Civil law,thelawofthecity ofRome.•Ius Gentium:Law applyingto non-Romans.•Manus Injectio:A formof arrestor debtcollection.•Obligatio:A legalobligation ordebt.•Personae:Legal personalityor status.•Res:Property orassets.•Usucapio:A legalconcept ofacquisition orownership basedon continuouspossessionfor acertain periodof time.。