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名校2023版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案Itisageneralbeliefamongacademicsthatthehumanitiesareincrisis.AccordingtoHarvardhistorianJamesHankinspartoftheproblemisthedominanceofcritical“readingoverprimary”reading.Primaryreadingtakesatextatfacevalueandsimplytriestounderstandwhattheauthorintendedtosay.Criticalreadingassumesanauthor7sstatementscanneverbetakenatfacevalue.Insteadtheymustbe/zseenthrough“toexposethetext7srealmeaningwhichisdeterminedinaccordwiththisorthatfashionabletheory.Mr.Hankinssaysprimaryreadingmustberecoveredforhighereducationinthehumanitiestobeeffective.Iwouldgofurther.Primaryreadingisntimportantonlyforthehumanitiesorevenforeducationmoregenerally.Therestorationofprimaryreadingcouldbeacrucialweaponinfightingthe“idletalk”thattroublesAmericansociety.IdletalkwasphilosopherMartinHeideggerstermforinauthenticdiscourse(不可信的言辞).Itinvolvesadoptingandcirculatingothersopinionsaboutsomethingwithouteverpersonallyengagingthatthingforyourself.Peopleengagedinidletalkspeakinaccordwithexpectationsfortheirparticularidentityorrole.Theyholdandexpresstheopinionsapersonintheirroleisexpectedtohold.Idletalkcanbeharmless.EachyearmymotherformsstrongopinionsaboutwhichfilmsshouldwinAcademyAwardswithoutseeinganyofthemafterreadingarticlesbycriticsshefavors.Butidletalkcanalsobedangerous.Considerjournalism.ThenormnowadaysisforonereportertobreakastoryfollowedbydozensorhundredsofjournalistsrecyclingthatcontentTheymayaddalittlespinoftheirownbutrarelylookintotheissueforthemselves-evenwhenthiswouldrequirebutafewclicksandacoupleofminutestoreadalegislativeC去律的)text.Somejournalistsevenjustsearchsocialmediaforthestoryofthedayandrewriteitintheirownwords.TheCovidpandemichighlightedtheproblemfromexclusionofthosedaringtodiscussthetradeoffsoflockdownstothepromotionofmasksasapoliticalidentitymarkercompletelydisconnectedfrommedicalorscientificjustification.Nottomentionthemisleadingstatementthataroseoverthescience”andthesocialtrendtofollowit.Socialmediahascontributedtothespreadofidletalk.Authenticdiscourserequirestimeeffortandgood-faithengagementbutsocialmediatendstoencouragetheopposite.Asjournalistscommentoneverytopichoweversmallortraditionallyunnewsworthytheall-knowingchorusofglobalgossipbecomesaroaringcrowd.Socialmediaraisesthisvoicepushingitintouserfeeds24/
7.Wehearabouteverythingandwecanzthearaboutanythingwithoutalsobeingtoldwhatopinionweshouldhaveaboutit.Opinionsbeforefacts;knowwhattothinkaboutsomethingbeforeactuallylookingintoitforyourself.AndreallywhyevenbotherwiththatPrimaryreadingisntonlysomethingthehumanitiesneed.Ourentirecultureneedsitsvaluetoberecognizedandrestored..WhatdoweknowfromthefirsttwoparagraphsA.Primaryreadingfocusesonthedeepmeaning.B.Criticalreadingleadstothecrisisinhumanities.C.Criticalreadingisgenerallypreferrednowadays.D・Primaryreadingoncedominatedhighereducation..Whatdoestheunderlinedwordspininparagraph4probablymeanA.Practice.B.Priority.C.Investigation.D.Interpretation..WhatdoestheauthorthinkofidletalkA.Itbroadenspeoplesunderstanding.B.Itaffectsindependentthinkingability.C.Itshakespeoplestrustinnewsreport.D.Itpromotestheadvanceofsocialmedia..WhatmessagedoestheauthorconveyA.Readersshouldstayawayfromidletalk.B.Readersshouldreadoriginaltextscarefully.C・Readersshouldlimittheimpactofsocialmedia.D・Readersshouldtakeabalancedviewonreading.32-35CDCDManypeoplebelievethatworkingtothemaximumisthesecrettosuccessbutresearchhasfoundthatmoderation(适度)alsogetsresultsonthejob.InastudyledbyEllenLangerofHarvardUniversityresearchersaskedpeopletotranslatesentencesintoanewamade-uplanguage.Subjectswhopracticedthelanguagemoderatelybeforehandmadefewererrorsthanthosewhopracticedextensivelyornotatall.Highlevelsofknowledgecanmakepeopletooattachedtotraditionalwaysofviewingproblemsacrossfields—theartssciencesandpolitics.Highconscientiousnessisrelatedtolowerjobperformanceespeciallyinsimplejobswhereitdoesn1tpaytobeaperfectionist.Howlongwestayontheclockandhowwespendthattimeareundercarefulexaminationinmanyworkplaces.Theyoungbankerwhoeatslunchathisdeskisprobablyseenasago-getterwhilehiscolleagueswhochatoverarelaxedconference-roommealgetdirtylooksfromthecorneroffice.“PeoplefromculturesthatvaluerelationshipsmorethanoursdoesareshockedbythethoughtofeatingaloneinfrontofacomputedsaysArtMarkmanaprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofTexasAustin.Socialinteractionhasbeenshowntoliftmoodandgetpeoplethinkinginnewdirectionsandinwaysthatcouldhelpimproveanypost-luncheffort.Markmanalsopromotesoff-tasktime.Partofbeingagoodthinkerisexperiencingthingsthatareseeminglyunrelatedtowhatyouareworkingonatthemomentbutgiveyoufreshideasaboutyourwork/7hesays.Alsothereisalotofresearchshowingthatapositivemoodleadstohigherlevelsofproductivityandcreativity.Sozwhenpeopledothingstoincreasetheirlifesatisfactiontheyalsomakethemselvesmoreeffectiveatwork/
7.WhatdoesEllenLangersstudyshowA.ItisworthwhiletobeaperfectionistB.Translationmakespeopleknowledgeable.C.Simplerjobsrequiregreatercaution.D.Moderateeffortproducesthebestresult..Theunderlinedword//go-getterHinparagraph3referstosomeoneWho.A.isgoodathandlingpressureB.workshardtobecomesuccessfulC・ahasanaturaltalentforhisjob.D.getsonwellwithhisco-workers.WhatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphA.Agoodthinkerisabletoinspireotherpeople.B.Experienceunrelatedtoyourjobisuseless.C・Acheerfulmoodhelpsmakeacreativemind.D・Focusingonwhatyoudoraisesproductivity..WhatdoesthetextseemtoadvocateA.Middle-of-the-roadworkhabits.B.Balancebetweenworkandfamily.C.Long-standingculturaltraditions.D・Harmonyintheworkenvironment.28-31DBCA。