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名校2023版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案TotheSwedentherearefewsmellsmoreattractivethansurstrbmming(臭邺鱼).Tomostnon-Swedenthereareprobablyfewsmellsmorerepulsive—thefishhasbeendescribedvariouslyassmellinglikesourcatlitterorevendroppings-like.Indeterminingwhichsmellspeoplefindpleasantornotsurstrbmmingsuggestsculturemustplayasizeablepart.Newresearchhoweversuggeststhatmightnotbethecase.ArtinArshamiananeuroscientistattheKarolinskaInstituteinSweden;andAsifaMajidapsychologistattheUniversityofOxfordbeganwiththeexpectationthatculturewouldplayanimportantroleindeterminingpleasantsmells.Thiswasnotjustbecauseofexampleslikethatofsurstromming.Theyknewfrompastexperimentsbyotherresearchersthatculturewasimportantindeterminingwhichsortsoffacespeoplefoundbeautiful.Tostudyhowsmellandculturerelatetheresearcherspresentedtensmells.Thesesmellsvariedfromherbtoisovalericacidthechemicalresponsibleforsmellysocks.Morein-betweensmellswhichtheteamthoughtmightsplitopinionsincludedoctanoicacid;andoctenolanearthysmellfoundinmanymushrooms.Theculturesdoingthesmellingvariedwidelytooincludinghuntersfarmersandcityfolk.All235participantswereaskedtoranksmellsaccordingtopleasantness.Theresearchersfoundthatpleasantnessrankingswereremarkableconsistentregardlessofwherepeoplecamefrom.IsovalericacidwashatedbythevastmajorityonlyeightgivingitascoreofIto3Iwasverypleasantand10wasveryunpleasant.Ontheotherhandmorethan190peoplegaveherbascoreofIto
3.Overallthechemicalcompositionofthesmellsexplained41%ofthereactionsthatparticipantshad.Incontrastculturalupbringingaccountedforjust6%Evensowhileculturedidntshapeperceptions感知ofsmellsinthewaythatitshapesperceptionsoffacestheresearchersdidfindan“eyeofthebeholdereffect.Randomnesswhichtheresearcherssuggesthastocomefrompersonalpreferencelearnedfromoutsideindividualcultureaccountedfor54%ofthedifferenceinwhichsmellspeopleliked.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“repulsivemeaninthefirstparagraphEnjoyable.AwfulSpecial.Unusual.WhichsmellrankedfirstintermsofpleasantnessOctenol.Herb.Octanoicacid.Isovalericacid.WhatplaysamajorroleintheappreciationofsmellsPersonaltaste.Culturalbackground.C.Lifeexperience.D.Chemicalcomposition.WhatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetextYouAreWhatYouSmellCulturedetermineSmellsOnemansmeatisanothermanspoisonSmellsAretheSameasBeauty
32.B
33.B
34.A
35.CAlmosteverydaywecomeacrosssituationsinwhichwehavetomakedecisionsonewayoranother.Choicewearegiventobelieveisaright.Butforagoodmanypeopleintheworldinrichandpoorcountries.choiceisaluxury.somethingwonderfulbuthardtogetnotaright.Andforthosewhothinktheyareexercisingtheirrighttomakechoicesthewholesystemismerelyanillusionafalseideacreatedbycompaniesandadvertisershopingtoselltheirproducts.Theendlesschoicesgivebirthtoanxietyinpeople7slives.Buyingsomethingasbasicasacoffeepotisnotexactlysimple.Easyaccesstoawiderangeofeverydaygoodsleadstoasenseofpowerlessnessinmanypeopleendingintheshoppergivingupandwalkingawayorjustbuyinganunsuitableitemthatisnotreallywanted.RecentstudiesinEnglandhaveshownthatmanyelectricalgoodsboughtinalmosteveryfamilyarenotreallyneeded.Moredifficultdecisionmakingistheneitheravoidedortrustedintothehandsoftheprofessionalslifestyleinstructorsoradvisors.Itisnotjusttheavailabilityofthegoodsthatistheproblembutthespeedwithwhichnewtypesofproductscomeonthemarket.Advancesindesignandproductionhelpquickentheprocess.Productsalsoneedtohaveashortlifespansothatthepubliccanbepersuadedtoreplacethemwithinashorttime.Thetypicalexampleiscomputerswhicharealmostoutofdateoncetheyarebought.Thisindeedmakesselectionaproblem.Gonearethedayswhenonecouldjustwalkwitheaseintoashopandbuyonething;nochoicenoanxiety..WhatdoestheauthortrytoargueinParagraph1A.Thepracticeofchoiceisdifficult.B.Therightofchoiceisgivenbutataprice.C.Choiceandrightexistatthesametime.D.Theexerciseofrightsisaluxury..WhydomorechoicesofgoodsgiverisetoanxietyA.Peoplearelikelytofindthemselvesovercomebybusinesspersuasion.B.Shoppersmayfindthemselveslostinthebroadrangeofitems.C.Companiesandadvertisersareoftenmisleadingabouttherangeofchoice.D.Professionalsfindithardtodecideonasuitableproduct..Byusingcomputersasanexampletheauthorwantstoprovethat.A.productsofthelatestdesignfloodthemarketB.competitionsarefierceinhightechindustryC.everydaygoodsneedtobereplacedoftenD.advancedproductsmeettheneedsofpeople.WhatisthispassagemainlyaboutA.Theopinionsonpeoplesrightindifferentcountries.B.Theproblemsabouttheavailabilityofeverydaygoods.C.Thehelplessnessinpurchasingdecisions.D.Thevarietyofchoicesinmodernsociety.ABAC。