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北京市海淀区2020-2021学年高一英语下学期期中试题（含解析）第一部分:知识运用（共三节，28分）第一节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1分，共10分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空Koshibahadalegendarylife.Whenhewasakidhedreamedofbeingasoldierormusicianbuthisdreamwasbrokenwhenhisrighthandwasdamagedbypolio（小儿麻痹症）.WhileinthehospitalhereadAdlbertEinsteinsbooksand]（become）interestedinphysics.HenevermadeittothetopofhisphysicsclassinhighschoolbutwentontostudyattheUniversityofTokyothentheUniversityofRochester2heearnedhisPhD.uTherearethingsintheworldyoucanachievedespitepooracademicrecords.wKoshibasaid.What3（count）mostisadoptinganactiveattitudetowardstudying.【答案】
1.became
2.where
3.counts【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记，主要介绍了Koshiba传奇的一生由于小儿麻痹症所带来的后遗症，他失去了成为士兵和音乐家的机会但是偶然间，他爱上了物理，最后还取得了博士学位【1题详解】考查时态和语态句意在医院期间，他阅读了阿德伯特•爱因斯坦的书，并对物理学产生了兴趣根据上文的WhileinthehospitalhereadAdlbertEinstein*sbooks可知，此处介绍过去发生的事情，所以需要用一般过去时主语he和谓语动词become是主动关系故填becameo【2题详解】考查定语从句句意高中时，他的物理成绩从来没有名列前茅，但他先后就读于东京大学和罗切斯特大学，并在那里获得了博士学位分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词theUniversityofRochester在定语从句中作地点状语所以用关系副词where引导非限【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意他开始与夏威夷州立法机构合作，帮助通过一项关于鲨鱼相关产品的禁令A.plan计划；B.test测验；C.decision决定；D.ban禁令根据onshark-relatedproductsv和“weheadedtoWashingtontourgethegovernmenttocreateanationwidebillprotectingsharks”可知这里意思是帮助通过一项关于鲨鱼相关产品的禁令故选D第二部分:阅读理解（共两节，32分）第一节阅读选择（共12小题;每题2分，共24分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项AWomenWhoChangedScienceForeverThisInternationalWomenJsDaywerecelebratingthreewomenwhochangedthefaceofscienceforever.EllenOchoaEllenOchoaisanAmericanengineerandretiredastronaut.ShewasthefirstLatinawomantoflyinspaceaspartofthecrewoftheshuttleDiscoveryin
1993.OchoaattendedSanDiegoStateUniversityandthencontinuedhereducationatStanford.Ochoarcgaidshermotherwhosepassionforlearningkeptherinpart-timecollegecoursesal1throughOchoaschiIdhoodasanimportantinfluenceonhercareer.AttheendofherflyingcareerOchoahadtravelednearly1000hoursinspace.From2012to2018OchoaservedasthedirectorofJohnsonSpaceCenterinHoustonTexasonlythesecondwomantoheadupNASA*shumanspaceflightheadquarters.MamiePhippsClarkMamiePhippsClarkwasanAmericansocialpsychologist（心理学家），whospecializedinchilddevelopmentinblackchildren.BorninArkansasClarkdrewonherearlyexperiencesasablackchildinthesegregated（种族隔离的）AmericanSouthtohelpchiIdrengrowingupwiththesameiniquities.ClarkstatedatHowardUniversityin1934andwentontocompleteaPhDinpsychology.SheandKennethnowherhusbandwerethefirsttwoblackpeopletoearnPhDsatColumbia.WiththeirfundingshestartedthefamousDollTestwhichshowedthenegativeeffectsofschoolsegregationonblackchildren.AnandibaiGopalraoJosheeAnandibaiJpsheewastobecomeIndiasfirstwomanphysicianwithamedicaldegree.Whenshewasyoungherfatherstrayed（偏离）fromthetraditionalHindubeliefthatwomenshouldnotreceiveeducationandencouragedhertogotoschool.Whenshewasfifteenshewasdeterminedtostudymedicineachoicelikelyinfluencedbythelossofaninfantsonandsurvivingaseriousillnessherself.AttheWomansMedicalCollegeJosheestudieddevotedlyhopingtoreturntoIndiatoserveotherIndianwomen.ShediedinFebruary1887attheyoungageoftwenty-one.DespitehershortlifeJosheesaccomplishmentswereremarkableforanIndianwomanandherachievementswereenoughtoopenthedoorforotherIndianwomentoquicklyfollow.InOchoasideawhatinfluenceshermostinhercareerHerpart-timejobinacollege.Herfirstflightinspacein
1993.Hermother*sdesireforknowledge.HerexperienceinNASAheadquarters.
30.WhatisPhippsClarkfamousforA.HavingaPhDinpsychology.Fightingagainstracialdiscrimination.StartingthetestonthegrowthofchiIdren.Devotingherselftothefoundingofequalities.WhatdothethreegreatwomenhaveincommonTheyspecializedinsimilarresearchfields.Theyallexperiencedinequalityineducation.Theywerepioneerschangingourbeliefinwomen.DTheywerescientistsinfluencingourwayoflearningWhichofthefollowingwordbestdescribesthethreewomenA.Dedicated.B.Modest.C.Creative.D.Caring.【答案】
29.C
30.B
31.C
32.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文文章介绍了三位伟大的女性，讲述了她们的成就【29题详解】细节理解题根据第二段“Ochoaregardshermotherwhosepassionforlearningkeptherinpart-timecollegecoursesallthroughOchoa*schildhoodasanimportantinfluenceonhercareer.（奥乔亚认为她的母亲对她的职业生涯有重要的影响她的母亲对学习的热情使她在整个童年时期都在兼职学习大学课程）”可知，奥乔亚母亲对知识的渴型对她职业生涯影响最大故选C30题详解】细节理解题根据第四段“BorninArkansasClarkdrewonherearlyexperiencesasablackchildinthesegregated（种族隔离的）AmericanSouthtohelpchildrengrowingupwiththesameiniquities.（克拉克出生在阿肯色州，她早年在种族隔离的美国南部作为一个黑人儿童的经历，帮助那些在同样的不公中成长的孩子）”可知，菲普斯•克拉克以反对种族歧视出名故选B【31题详解】推理判断题根据第一段ThisInternationalWomensDaywerccelebratingthreewomenwhochangedthefaceofscienceforever.（今年的国际妇女节我们要庆祝三位永远改变了科学面貌的女性）”可推断，这三位伟大的女性是改变我们对女性信念的先锋故选C【32题详解】推理判断题根据第三段“AttheendofherflyingcareerOchoahadtravelednearly1000hoursinspace.（在她的飞行生涯结束时，奥乔亚在太空中飞行了近1000小时）”；倒数第三段WiththeirfundingshestartedthefamousDollTestwhichshowedthenegativeeffectsofschoolsegregationonblackchiIdren.（在他们的资助下，她开始了著名的娃娃测试，展示了学校隔离对黑人儿童的负面影响）”以及倒数第二段“AtIheWomansMedicalCollegeJosheestudieddevotedlyhopingtoreturntoIndiatoserveotherIndianwomen.（在女子医学院，乔西专心致志地学习，希望回到印度服务其他印度妇女）”可推断，这三位女性献身于自己的社会事业故选ABECyclingreferstotherecyclingofelectronicitemswhicharebecomingacommonprobleminAmericanhomeandthroughouttheworld.TheEPAorEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyhasactuallystartedaprogramtohelpandmotivatetherecyclingofelectronics.TogettheprogramtotheregionalandneighborhoodlevelstheEPAdirected“PlugTntoeCyclingPartners.Thesepartnershipssupportelectronicreusingprogramsinindividualcommunities.Theyprovidelocalgovernmentsretailersandmanufacturerswithopportunitiestoreuseandrecycletheiriterns.Thosewhomakeandofferelectronicdevicesthenpromoteprogramsandopportunitiesforconsumerstoreusetheirsecond-handelectronicproducts.OneoftheEPAsgoalsistoenlightencustomersaboutwhytherecyclingofelectronicsissoimportant.TheylikewisewishtomakeeCyclingchanceseasilyaccessibletospecificconsumersandtheirfamilyelectronics.AccordingtotheEPAtheeCyclingprogramhasactuallybeenquitesuccessful.In2008theEPAcollected
66.5millionpoundsofelectronicdevicesthroughtheirPlug-InPartners.Localgovernmentshaveactuallylikewisegotonboardandpassedlawsintendedtohandleusedelectronicdevices.HugecorporationshaveactuallyintroducedeCyclingprogramsattheirlocalretai1stores.Onesellerofferscustomerssmallmediumandbigboxesforsalewhichthecustomersthenloadwithusedelectronicsandgobacktothestore.Typicallycustomersbringtheirrecyclableelectronicstoalocation.Whentheelectronicitemsaregatheredbythe（typicallythisisdonebythePartners）theyarereusedorrecycled.Reuseditemsarerepairedandrefurbishedandpassedontoothersasacontribution.Youcanrepairorreconditionyourveryownelectronicdevicestooextendingthe1ifeoftheiternsandconservingtheenergyofmakingnewmaterials.Reusingelectronicdevicesincludesmakinguseofthepioductsandpatsoftheitems.Thesematerialsandpartsarethenmadeuseoftoproduceanotheritem.Thisismoreefficientthanmakingitemsfromnewmaterials.SomeitemsthatarecommonlyeCycledconsistoftelevisionscomputermonitorsprintersnotebookcomputerkeyboardsandcabletelevisions.LessusualitemsincludecopyingmachinesCDplayersvoicemailmachinescomputerharddrivesmobiletelephonesremotecontrolsradiosbatteriestelephonesfacsimilemachinesandcomputergames.OccasionallyelectronicitemssuchasmicrowavesfansvacuumssmokealarmsandtoastersareeCycled.AstheeCyclingprogramcontinuesyouoryourorganizationmaywanttogetinvolved.ChecktheEPAsinternetsiteforregionaleCyc1ingprogramsorfordetaiisonhowyourcompanycanparticipate.Theirwebsitehas1inkstoorganizationsthataretakingpartintheeCyclingprogram.TheEPAbroughtaboutPlugTntoeCyclingPartners”to.makeandofferelectronicdevicestoconsumersmakecustomersunderstandtheimportanceofeCyclingmaketheprogramaccessibletolocalregionsandcommunitiesmakeitpossibleforconsumerstorousetheirusede-productsThePlug-InPartnersaremainlyengagedin.A.repairingelectronicdeviceB.gatheringrecyclableelectronicsC.reusingsecond-hande-productsD.offeringcustomersdifferentboxesforsale.WhatcanweinferfromthepassagePeoplecanselltheirreuseditemsontheInternet.IndividualscanttakepartineCyclingprograms.Devicesofcomputersarewel1eCycled.NoteveryelectronicitemcanbeeCycled.WhatisthemainpurposeofthispassageTointroduceanewwaytosavecosts.Toteachcustomershowtorecycleelectronics.ToattractpeopletojoinintheeCyclingprograms.TocallonlocalgovernmentstosupportPlug-InPartners.【答案】
33.C
34.B
35.D
36.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了一个名为eCycling的项目，它是指电子产品的回收，这正在成为•个普遍的问题在美国家庭和世界各地美国环境保护署实际上已经启动了一个项目来帮助和激励电子产品的回收利用文章介绍了这个项目的一些开展情况和人们的参与情况【33题详解】细节理解题根据第二段中“TogettheprogramtotheregionalandneighborhoodlevelstheEPAdirectedPlug-IntoeCyelingPartners.MThesepartnershipssupportelectronicreusingprogramsinindividualcommunities.（为了将该项目推广到地区和社区层面，环保署将Plug-In应用于eCyelingPartners这些伙伴关系支持各个社区的电子产品再利用项目）”可知美国环境保护署推出了Plug-IntoeCyclingPartners”计划，是为了使当地地区和社区都可以使用该计划故选C【34题详解】细节理解题根据第二段中“Theyprovidelocalgovernmentsretailersandmanufacturerswithopportunitiestoreuseandrecycletheiriterns.Thosewhomakeandofferelectronicdevicesthenpromoteprogramsandopportunitiesforconsumerstoreusetheirsecond-handelectronicproducts.（它们为地方政府、零售商和制造商提供了重新利用和回收其产品的机会那些制造和提供电子设备的公司会为消费者提供再利用二手电子产品的项目和机会）”可知，Plug-InPartners主要从事回收电子产品的收集活动故选B【35题详解】推理判断题根据倒数第二段“Someiternsthatarecommon1yeCycledconsistoftelevisionscomputermonitorsprintersnotebookcomputerkeyboardsandcabletelevisions.LessusualitemsincludecopyingmachinesCDplayersvoicemailmachinescomputerharddrivesmobi1etelephonesremotecontrolsradiosbatteriestelephonesfacsimilemachinesandcomputergames.OccasionallyelectronicitemssuchasmicrowavesfansvacuumssmokealarmsandtoastersareeCycled.（一些通常被回收的物品包括电视机、电脑显示器、打印机、笔记本电脑、键盘和有线电视不太常见的物品包括复印机、CD播放机、语音留言机、电脑硬盘、移动电话、遥控器、收音机、电池、电话、传真机和电脑游戏偶尔也会回收微波、风扇、吸尘器、烟雾报警器和烤面包机等电子产品）”可推知，不是所有的电子产品都能被I回收利用故选I）【36题详解】推理判断题根据最后一段AstheeCyclingprogramcontinuesyouoryourorganizationmaywanttogetinvolved.ChecktheEPAsinternetsite（）forregionaleCyclingprogramsorfordetailsonhowyourcompanycanparticipate.Theirwebsitehas1inkstoorganizationsthataretakingpartinthecCyclingprogram.（随着eCycling的继续，您或您的组织可能想要参与其中查看美国环境保护署的网站0了解区域eCycling项目，或了解贵公司如何参与的详细信息他们的网站上有参与电子产品回收项H的组织的链接）”可推知，这篇文章的主要H的是吸引人们参加eCycling项目故选CoCWhatrolemightartsplayinresponsetoclimatechangeandrelatedeconomicandecologicalcrisesItsoftensaidthatanove1apaintingasongoramotionpicturechangedhowalotofpeoplethoughtorfeltabouttheworld.Anthropologists（人类学家）andhistoriansrightlyarguethatmajorchangesinsocietyhavesprungupnotfromtheartsbutfrom-ourrelationshiptoourenvironment.Neverthelessartistseffortshelpshapethetermsbywhichsocietyadaptstosuchchangesandtheirconsequences.ThinkofhowBeethovenmarkedthebeginningsofmoderndemocracyandthenascent（初期的）IndustrialRevolution.OrhowHollywoodwritersanddirectorsinspiredmassivesupportfortheU.S.wareffortduringtheearly1940s.WehavesteppedintoacenturyinwhichthesocietalsystemshavebeenbuiltsincethestartoftheIndustrialRevolution.Ourfoodsystemtransportsystemenergysystemfinancialsystemandpossiblyourpoliticalandgovernancesystemsweredesignedduringanerainwhichfossilfuelsmetthegreatquantityofourfast-growingenergydemand.Butfossilfuelsareexhaustibleresourcesandtheirreductionwilldriveevermoredesperatemethodsofextraction（提炼），createevermoreenvironmentalriskandrequireevermorecapital-evenasalternativeenergysourcestheyarealsocostly.Furtherburningfossi1fuelschangesourplanetsc1imate.Soatthesametimeoureconomywillneedtoberedesignedtorunonentirelydifferentenergysourcesandthenaturalworldwillbeshiftingaroundusinunprecedented（空前的）wayswithmorefrequentdisastrousstormsfloodsdroughtsetc.Everythingwillbeupfornegotiationredesignandchange.Andartistshavetheopportunityanddutytotranslatetheresultingtumultuous（动荡的）humanexperienceintowordsimagesandmusicthathelppeoplenotjusttounderstandtheseeventsmentallybutalsotocometogripswiththemwillingly.Theeconomicandenvironmentalshiftsdescribedabovearccurrentlybeingdetailedinever-greaterspecificityinhundredsofreportsreleasedyearlybyclimateandenergyexperts.Whatsmissingintheircarefullywordedjournalarticlesisthehumandimensionsofimaginationjoyorsorrowinspirationandpassion.Artcanhelpuscopewiththepossibleeffectsofourcollectivechallenges.Itcanhelppreparesocietyforapossiblypainfulfuture.Itcangivevoicetosufferingandlosshelpingpeopledealwithlifesunavoidablestress.Anditcanalsoofferbeautywhichcanbeespeciallyimportantinhardtimes.Meaningfulartcanandmustexpressthechaosweencounterandhelpusprocessitmentallyandemotionally.Toachievethisartistsneedtodigdeeperobservemorecloselyandhelptheiraudiencesconnectabstractexplanationsandforecastswithactualexperiences.TheauthormentionsUeethoventosuggestthat.musicianscaneasilyadapttochangesinsocietymusiccancontrolthesocialchangeoftheworldanthropologistsarerightaboutmajorchangesinsocietyartservesasabridgeforpeopletounderstandtheworldWhatdotheunderlinedwords“cometogripswithinParagraph4probablymeanA.starttocreateB.begintodealwithC.trytorecordD.takeaninterestinAccordingtotheauthortheartists.areexpectedtoshowhumanexperienceinworksdealwiththeunpleasanteventswillinglyhelppeopleforecastpainfulfuturearethevoiceofsufferingandlossWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassageArtinGreaterNeedduringClimateChangeTheRelationshipBetweenSocietyandArtTheClimateCluesHiddeninAtHistoryTheBestWaystoChangetheWorld【答案】
37.D
38.B
39.A
40.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文文章主要讨论了艺术在应对气候变化以及相关的经济危机和生态危机方面可以发挥什么作用【37题详解】细节理解题从题干关键词Beelhoven”，可以定位到文章第一段，根据第一段的第二至第四句可知，人类学家和历史学家认为，社会的重大变化不是从艺术中产生的，而是从我们与环境的关系中产生的然而，艺术家的努力，帮助我们塑造了社会适应这些变化及其后果的条件想想贝多芬是如何标志着现代民主和初期工业革命的开始因此可推断，作者提到贝多芬是想说明，艺术可以帮助人们更好的理解和认识世界选项D意为“艺术是人们认识世界的桥梁”，与作者观点相符故选D项【38题详解】词句猜测题选项含义A.开始创造；B.开始处理；C.试图记录；D.对……感兴趣；根据划线单词“cometogripswith”所在句Andartistshavetheopportunityanddutytotranslatetheresultingtumultuous（动荡的）humanexperienceintowordsimagesandmusicthathelppeoplenotjusttounderstandtheseeventsmentallybutalsotocometogripswiththemwillingly.（艺术家有机会也有义务把由此产生的混乱的人类经历转化成文字、图像和音乐，不仅有助于人们从心理上理解这些事件，而且有助于人们心甘情愿地处理这些事件）”可知，此处意为“处理”故选B项【39题详解】观点态度题根据第四段第二句Andartistshavetheopportunityanddutytotranslatetheresultinglumultuous（动荡的）humanexperienceintowordsimagesandmusic（艺术家有机会也有义务把由此产生的混乱的人类经历转化成文字、图像和音乐）”，以及作者在此处的用词“duty”可知，作者认为艺术家应该在作品中展示人类的经历选项A“artistsareexpectedtoshowhumanexperienceinworks（艺术家被期望在作品中展示人类的经历）”，与作者的观点相符故选A项【40题详解】主旨大意题根据文章第一段可知，本文要讨论艺术在应对气候变化和相关经济和生态危机方面可能发挥什么作用根据最后一段可知，有意义的艺术可以而且必须表达我们遇到的混乱，并帮助我们在心理和情感上处理它要做到这一点，艺术家需要更深入地挖掘，更密切地观察，帮助观众将抽象的解释和预测与实际经验联系起来也就是说，作者认为，艺术可以帮助人们更好的理解和应对较大的社会变化以及社会混乱选项AArtinGreaterNeedduringClimateChange（气候变化期间更需要艺术）”中wclimatechangew属于较大的变化，需要艺术帮助人们更好的理解和应对，与作者在文中的观点一致选项B“TheRelationshipBetweenSocietyandArt（社会和艺术的关系）”，在原文中并没有提到社会与艺术的关系，而是侧重于讲艺术的作用选项CTheClimateCluesHiddeninArtHistory（藏在艺术史中的气候线索）”，在原文中没有提到选项D“TheBestWaystoChangetheWorld（改变世界的最佳方式）”，在原文中没有提到故选A项【点睛】做阅读理解题时，在文中出现大写字母的地方，通常是人名，地名，机构名等，以及文中出现引号，或者出现数字的地方，都是细节理解题比较容易设问的点，所以在阅读时遇到有上述特征的文段，可以多加留意，或者提前标注，以便于在答题时可以快速定位，提升答题效率，比如文中第1小题的“Beethoven”第二节阅读回答问题（共4小题;每小题2分，共8分）制性定语从句故填where【3题详解】考查时态和语态句意最重要的是采取积极的学习态度分析句子结构可知，此空为主语从句的谓语动词根据下文is以及句意可知，此处陈述客观事实，需要用一般现在时在主语从句中，What作主语，所以谓语用单数count表示“重要”时是不及物动词，没有被动故填countsB阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空Zoosplayanimportantroleintheworldforconservationandeducation.Theyare4particularimportantforendangeredspecies.Manyanimalsarecritical!y5dangerandmaygoextinctinthewildbutinzoostheyarcgoingwrong.ManyothersarealreadyextinctinthewiIdandonlyanimals6arekeptinzoossurvive.Eventhosecriticsofzoosoftenrecognizethatitisbettertohavespeciespreservedsomewherethanlosethemaltogetherasanimalsheldinzoos7protectfromseriousthreat.【答案】
4.particularly
5.in
6.that/which
7.arcprotected【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了动物园在保护濒危动物方面的作用【4题详解】考查副词句意它们对濒危物种尤其重要空处修饰形容词important应用副词形式故填particularly【5题详解】考查介词句意:许多动物在野外处于极度危险中，可能会灭绝beindanger处于危险中，是固定短语，故填in【6题详解】考查定语从句句意许多其他动物在野外已经灭绝，只有饲养在动物园的动物才能生存阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题YourFoodChoicesAffecttheEarthsClimateEveryactionhasacostevenforgrowingfoodanddeliveringittoyourdinnerplate.Ateamofresearchershasfoundthatmeatproductionreleasesmorec1imate-warmingpollutionthanitdoeswhenproducingfruitsvegetablesnutsandgrains.Theircalculationssuggestthatpeop1ecoulddoalottoslowglobalwarmingiftheylimitedhowmuchmeattheyeat.Thereareplentyof“costs“offood.Astothevisiblecostspeoplepaymoneyforthefoodaswe11asthefuelneededtogetgroceriestothestoreorrestaurant.Howeverproducingfoodsalsotakesresourcesforexamplethewaterusedtoirritate（灌溉）cropfieldsorthefertilizerandchemicalsusedtopromoteplantgrowthandfightpests.PeterScarboroughattheUniversityofOxfordinEnglanddecidedtocalculatesomeoftheless-visiblepollutioncreatedbyfoodproduction.Histeamfocusedongreenhousegasesemittedthroughtheproductionofourfoodincludingcarbondioxide（C02）methane（甲烷）andthenitrousoxide.Allthreegasesareimportant.WhileC02isthegreenhousegasreleasedinthehighestvolumemethaneandnitrousoxidestayintheatmospherefarlongerthanC02does.Assuchtheyarcmorepowerfulinwarmtheearth*satmosphere.Theyusedacomputertochangethemethaneandnitrous-oxideemissionsforeachpersonsdietintoitscarbondioxide“equivalent.ThatstheamountofC02neededtowarmEarthsatmospherebythesameamountasthemethaneornitrousoxidewouId.Asforthecalculationsofthecarbondioxide“equivalent（等量）“，inthe1990sasurveyasked65000adultswhattheytypicallyhadeatenthroughoutthepastyear.ScarboroughJsteamfedthosedataintoacomputerandthenincludedtheamountofgreenhousegaseslinkedwithproducingneeirlylOOcommonfoods.Thenthecomputermatchedthosegreenhouse-gasamountstothemixoffoodseachpersonhadreportedeating.Itshowsthatthedietofsomeonewhosemealsincludedanaverageof50to99gramsofmeateachdaywou1dberesponsibleforthedailyreleaseof
5.6kilogramsofC02equivalentwhilethoseveganshadthelowestdiet-linkedgreenhouse-gasemissions
2.9kgofC02equivalent.Itsauthorsconcludethatreducingtheintakeofmeatandotheranimal-basedproductscanmakeavaluablecontributiontoclimatechangereduction.Andcomparedtomeatmoreplant-basedfoodcaloriescanbegrownonmorelandswithlesswaterandotherresources.Inplaceswheremanypeoplearegoinghungryraisingmeatmaymakeithardertoensurethateveryonegetsenoughtoeat.WhatarethevisiblecostsoffoodmentionedinthearticleAccordingtotheauthorwhycanourfoodchoicesaffecttheearthsclimate
43.Pleaseunder1inetheinappropriatepartinthefo11owingstatementandexplainwhy.Plant-basedfoodcanadapttomoietypesoflandsthanmeatbuttheymayhaveahigherrequirementofwaterandotherresourceswhichcanbeadisadvantageofsuchfood.
44.ApartfromfoodchoicesarethereanyotherwaysforyoutoprotecttheenvironmentListtwoormore.【答案】
41.Peoplepaymoneyforthefoodaswellasthefuelneededtogetgroceriestothestoreorrestaurant..Becausemeatproductionreleasesmoreclimate-warmingpollutionthanthatdocstoproducingfruitsvegetablesnutsandgrainsandpeoplecoulddoalottoslowglobalwarmingiftheyIimitedhowmuchmeattheyeat..划线从bul开始到最后Accordingtothetexttheplant-bcisedfoodcannotonlybegrownonmorelandsbutsuchfoodwillalsouselesswaterandotherresourcesinsteadofmoreofthatwhichcanbeanadvantageofsuchfood..Iwilltrymybesttosaveelectricityforexampleusingenergy-efficientlightbulbsinsteadofregularbulbswhichcanlastlonger.AlsoIwillmakesuretoturnofflightstheTVandotherapplianceswhenImnotusingthem.Anolherwaytoreduceelectricityuseistolowertheairconditioningorheatwhenitsnotnecessary.【解析】【分析】本文是说明文文章介绍了食物的选择影响地球上的气候研究人员发现肉类生产比生产水果、蔬菜、坚果和谷物时释放出使气候变暖的污染建议人们通过限制吃肉减缓全球变暖【41题详解】考查细节理解根据第二段的Astothevisiblecostspeoplepaymoneyforthefoodaswellasthefuelneededtogetgroceriestothestoreorrestaurant.（至于可见的成本，人们花钱购买食物也购买把杂货送到商店或餐馆所需的燃料）”可知，可见的食品成本是指人们花钱买食物和把杂货送到商店或餐馆所需的燃料，故答案为Peoplepaymoneyforthefoodaswe11asthefuelneededtogetgroceriestothestoreorrestaurant.【42题详解】推理判断题根据第一段的“Ateamofresearchershasfoundthatmeatproductionreleasesmoreclimate-warmingpollutionthanitdoeswhenproducingfruitsvegetablesnutsandgrains.Theircalculationssuggestthatpeoplecoulddoalottoslowglobalwarmingiftheylimitedhowmuchmeattheycat.（一对研究人员发现，肉类生产比生产水果、蔬菜、坚果和谷物时释放出更多使气候变暖的污染他们的计算表明，如果人们限制自己吃肉的数量，就可以减缓全球变暖）”可知，肉类生产比生产水果、蔬菜、坚果和谷物会释放出更多使气候变暖的污染，如果人们限制吃肉，他们可以大大减缓全球变暖，因此推断我们对食物的选择影响地球上的气候故答案为Becausemeatproductionreleasesmoreclimate-warmingpollutionthanthatdoestoproducingfruitsvegetablesnutsandgrainsandpeoplecoulddoalottoslowglobalwarmingiftheylimitedhowmuchmeattheyeat.【43题详解】推理判断题根据最后一段的Andcomparedtomeatmoreplant-basedfoodcaloriescanbegrownonmore1andswithlesswaterandotherresources.Inplaceswheremanypeoplearegoinghungryraisingmeatmaymakeithardertoensurethateveryonegetsenoughtoeat.（与肉类相比，更多的植物性食物可以在更多的土地上种植，而使用更少的水和其他资源，在许多人挨饿的地方，饲养肉类会更难确保每个人都吃到足够的东西）”可知，but后的内容“2加y用haveahigherrequirementofwaterandotherresourceswhichcanbeadisadvantageofsuch/bod（它们可能对水和其他资源的需求更高，这可能是这类食物的缺点）”是不合适的，因为植物性食物不仅可以种植在更多的土地上，而且这种食物也使用更少的水和其他资源，而不是更多，这可能是这种食物的一个优势故答案为划线从but开始到最后Accordingtothetexttheplant-basedfoodcannotonlybegrownonmorelandsbutsuchfoodwillalsouselesswaterandotherresourcesinsteadofmoreofthatwhichcanbeanadvantageofsuchfood.【44题详解】主观题本题是开放性试题考生可以根据自己的知识，从节能省电等方面来回答问题例如，用寿命更长的节能灯泡而不是普通灯泡在不使用灯、电视和其他电器时，一定要关掉它们另外通过减少空调的使用和没必要的制热来减少电的使用故参考答案为Iwilltrymybesttosaveelectricityforexampleusingenergy-efficientlightbulbsinsteadofregularbulbswhichcanlastlonger.AlsoIwillmakesuretoturnofflightstheTVandotherapplianceswhenImnotusingthem.Anotherwaytoreduceelectricityuseistolowertheairconditioningorheatwhenitsnotnecessary.第三部分书面表达（共一题，共15分）.假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，今年6月5日是第50个世界环境日（WorldEnvironmentDay）你校将举办一场相关主题活动请你写一封邮件，邀请你班交换生Jim参加邮件内容包括.简述该活动的目的；.介绍该活动的日程（例如时间、地点、内容等）；.询问对方意向注意
1.100词左右；
2.开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数DearJimYoursLiHua【答案】PossibleVersion1DearJimHowhaveyoubeenrecentlyAstheWorldEnvironmentalDayiscominganeducationalactivityaimingtoraiseourawarenessofenvironmentprotectionwillbeheldinourschool.Ibelieveyouwillbeinterestedinit.Letmetellyoumoreaboutthearrangement.OnthemorningofJune5thaprofessorwillgivealectureat9:00inthecentralhallthroughwhichwecangetmoreknowledgeinthisfield.Thenintheafternoonanexhibitionofsomeworld-famousartworksonprotectingtheearthwi11beheldintheStudentsActivityCenter.WhatdoyouthinkofthisactivityWouldyouliketocomeandjoinusImlookingforwardtoyourparticipation.YoursLiHuaPossibleVersion2DearJimHowhaveyoubeenrecentlyAstheWorldEnvironmentalDayisaroundthecorneraseriesofeye-openingandeducationalactivitieswillbeheldinourschoolwiththethemeofmakingpeacewithnature.SinceyoureconcernedabouttheenvironmentalissuesIbelieveitwillbeofgreatinteresttoyou.Theaimoftheactivityistoraiseourawarenessofenvironmentprotectionandcal1forstudentstoputintheireffortstomaketheworldabetterplaceto1ivein.Afterallsmallchangescanbringaboutabigdifference.Letmetellyoumoreaboutthespecificarrangement.OnthemorningofJune5thaprofessorwillgivealectureat9:00inthecentralhal1onthesignificanceoflivingalow-carbonlife.Notonlycanweobtainsomeprofessionalknowledgeinthisfieldwecanalsogetsomepracticaltipssuchaswaysofsavingwaterpaperandelectricityatschool.ThenintheafternoonanartexhibitionnamedREIMAGINE-RECOVERRESTOREwillbeheldintheStudentsActivityCenter.Youcantmissthewonderfulpresentationaboutsomeinternationalaward-winningpaintingsandsculptures.Theydepictthedamagenaturehassufferedandtheeffortstoreverseit.Whatsmorecraftworkmadewithrecycledmaterialsbyourschoolmateswillalsobeondisplay.WhatdoyouthinkofthisactivityaftermyintroductionWouldyouliketocomeandjoinusImlookingforwardtoyourparticipationandyouareboundtoloveit.YoursLiHua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给交换生Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加学校举办的世界环境日的相关活动【详解】
1.词汇积累至lj来arrive-*come旨在做某事aimatdoing-*aimtodo演讲speech-*lecture关于about—on
2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句Thenintheafternoonanexhibitionofsomeworld-famousartworksonprotectingtheearthwillbeheldintheStudents*ActivityCenter.拓展句Thenintheafternoonanexhibitionofsomeworld-famousartworkswillbeheldintheStudentsActivityCenterwhosethemeisonprotectingtheearth.【点睛】[高分句型1]AstheWor1dEnvironmentalDayiscominganeducationalactivityaimingtoraiseourawarenessofenvironmentprotectionwillbeheldinourschool.（运用了as引导的状语从句）[高分句型2]OnthemorningofJune5thaprofessorwillgivealectureat9:00inthecentralhallthroughwhichwecangetmoreknowledgeinthisfield.（运用了“介词+关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句）分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是animals关系词在从句中作主语，应用that或which引导，故填that/whicho【7题详解】考查时态、语态和主谓•致句意即使是那些批评动物园的人也常常认识到，把物种保存在某个地方总比把它们全部丢掉要好，因为关在动物园里的动物受到保护，免受严重威胁结合本句时态可知，空处也使用一般现在时，且主语animals和动词protect之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是名词复数，故填areprotectedC阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空8weardifferentcolorscanaffecthowyoufeelandhowothersreacttoyousoitisimportanttoconsiderthiswhendeciding9towearinthemorning.Ifyouwantpeopletotakeyouseriouslyputonnavyblueorblack.Bluewouldalsobehelpfulforaninterviewororalexaminationbecauseitrelaxesyouandmakesyoufeelcalm.Redgetsyounoticedbyeveryoneandmakeyoufeelenergetic10becarefulasitcanraiseyourheartrateandnoteveryonewantthiseffect.Sothinkcarefullybeforeyouleaveyourhouse.【答案】
8.Wearing
9.what
10.but【解析】【分析】本文是说明文文章介绍了穿不同颜色的衣服带来的自我感觉，以及对别人如何看待你的影响，并进行了举例说明【8题详解】考杳非谓语动词句意穿不同的颜色会影响你的感受以及其他人对你的反应，所以在决定早上穿什么时，考虑这一点是很重要的分析句子可知，weardifferentcolors”作主语用动名词形式，置句首单词首字母大写，故填Wearing9题详解】考查疑问词+不定式句意穿不同的颜色会影响你的感受以及其他人对你的反应，所以在决定早上穿什么时，考虑这一点是很重要的分析句子可知，空格处是“疑问词+不定式”作deciding的宾语，wear缺少宾语，结合句意，what“什么”符合题意，并作宾语，故填whato【10题详解】考查连词句意红色会让每个人都注意到你，让你感到充满活力，但是要小心，因为它可以提高你的心率，不是每个人都想要这种效果根据句意，前后文是转折关系，故填but第二节选词填空（共6小题;每小题1分，共6分）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从方框中选择适当的词填空，其中有两项为多余选项conduct created；despite；discovered；gained influential；promising；thoughTuYouyouisthefirstChinesefemalescientistwhowasawardedaNobelPrize.Shestudiedmedicineand11adeepknowledgeabouttraditionalpracticeswhichenabledhertobechosentoestablishateamtofindacureformalariain
1969.WiththeideathatChineseherbsmightholdthesecretTuYouyouandherteamstudiedsomerelatedliteratureand12alotofresearcheswithlimitedresources.TheyusedmodernresearchmethodstostudytheseChineseherbsonebyone.Afterhundredsoffailedexperimentstheyeventuallycameacrossa13chemical.TuYouyoubravelyvolunteeredtobothefirsthumansubjectinthetestonhumans.Thechemicalthey14artemisininhasnowbecometheworldsmosteffectivedrugforfightingmalaria.Asoneofthemost15figuresofscienceinthe20thCenturysheisnotinterestedinfameandshecontinuestodoresearchtoday16herage.WhatshedidnotonlysavedmillionsoflivesbutalsobridgedtheEasternandWesternworlds.【答案】
11.gainedconductedpromisingdiscoveredinfluentialdespite【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文介绍了中国科学家屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖的事情以及她的科学研究【11题详解】考查动词句意她学习医学，获得了对传统医学的深刻了解，这使她得以在1969年成立了一个团队来寻找治疗疟疾的方法分析句子可知，空格处填动词作谓语，与studied并列用一般过去时，由“Shestudiedmedicine”可推断，学习医学，因此获得了对传统中医的深刻了解gain“获得”符合语境，故填gained【12题详解】考查动词句意基于中草药可能会起作用，屠呦呦和她的团队研究了一些相关的文献，并在有限的资源下进行了大量的研究分析句子可知，空格处填动词作谓语，与studied并列，用一般过去时，由“alotofresearches并结合上文可推断，屠呦呦和她的团队研究文献并进行研究，conduct“进行”符合语境，故填conducted【13题详解】考查形容词句意经过数百次失败的实验以后，他们最终发现了一种有前景的化学物质分析句子可知，空格处填形容词作定语，由下文TuYouyoubravelyvolunteeredtobethefirsthumansubjectinthetestonhumans.（屠呦呦勇敢地志愿成为第■个人类实验对象）”可推断，这种化学物质是promising”充满希望的有前景的“，故填promising【14题详解】考查动词时态句意她们发现的这种化学物质青蒿素现在己经成为世界上抗击疟疾最有效的药物分析句子可知，空格处是定语从句“they4artemisinin”的谓语动词，由上文的“cameacross”可知，此处指他们discover“发现”的化学物质，根据上文语境可知，是过去发现的，用一般过去时，故填discovered【15题详解】考查形容词句意作为20世纪最具影响力的科学人物之一，她对声名不感兴趣，尽管年事已高，今天仍然继续做研究分析句子可知，空格处填形容词作定语，根据上文的介绍可知，屠呦呦是influential“有影响力的”的科学人物，故填influential【16题详解】考查介词句意作为20世纪最具影响力的科学人物之一，她对声名不感兴趣，尽管年事已高，今天仍然继续做研究分析句子可知，空格处用介词，下文“herage”作介词宾语根据句意，上下文是转折关系，故despite“尽管”符合语境故填despile第三节完形填空（共12小题;每小题1分，共12分）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项“IwasattackedbyaligersharkinOctober
1997.ItwasnearmyhomeontheislandofKanai.Thewaveswerereallygoodsonothingwasstoppingus.ThatwasuntillargesharkcamerightupunderMikeand17histeethintoMikeslowerleg.ThereclbeennosplashingnonoiseandMikefeltnopainonlyintensepressureonhis18body.AshetriedtogethimselffreethesharkbitdownhardershakingitsheadbackandforthandtossingMikearoundlikeadoll.Mikehitthesharkhardinthefaceagainandagainuntiltheshark19him.AsMikeswambackintoshorehefelthislowerrightlegspamming（痉挛）；whenhelookeddownherealizeditwas2（）.Thesharkhadbithis1owerlegoff.Mikesfriendscametohisaidimmediatelyandtriedtocontrolseverebleedingandrushedhimtothehospitai.WhenMikeopenedhiseyesherealizedhewasinthehospital.DuringthenextfewweeksMikeresearchedprosthetics（假肢）andconsideredthe
21.AssoonasMikewasgiventheOKbyhisdoctorshedidwhatmanyofusmightconsider22:hestartedridingthewavesagain.Infacthisfirsttimebackwasnearthesiteofhisattack.ButMikewasunshaken.Insteadhewascurious-whywashoattackedMike23thatthewaterhadafishysmellthemorningoftheattack.WasthatwhatattractedthesharkHiscuriosityledhimtoresearchsharksandwhilehenever24whyhebecameatargetMikedidlearnsomethingthatwouldchangehislife:Humansarefarmore25tosharksthantheotherwayaroundMiketel1sReadersDigest.“1watchedadocumentarycalledSharkwalerandIlearnedaboutthe26Forsharkfinsoupandthefactthat70millionsharksayeararekilledfortheirfinsalone.Hisuniquesituationasasharksurvivorempoweredhimtogivesharksa27Mikesays.HebeganworkingwiththeHawaiistatelegislature（立法机关）tohelppassa28onshark-relatedproducts.wIpartneredwithotherlike-mindedsharkattacksurvivorsandmarinebiologistsandweheadedtoWashingtontourgethegovernmenttocreateanationwidebillprotectingsharks.M腿在迈克安装了假肢后，他不仅重返大海，继续冲浪运动，还从事起鲨鱼保护的公益活动【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意直到一条大鲨鱼游到迈克身下，咬住了他的小腿A.cut切下；B.bit咬C.sank陷入D.dropped下降根据AshetriedtogethimselffreethesharkbitdownhardershakingitsheadbackandforthandtossingMikearoundlikeadoll.”可知大鲨鱼咬住了迈克的小腿sink…into意思是陷入，形象生动地再现了鲨鱼悄无声息地把迈克的小腿置于自己锋利的牙齿间的情景故选C[18题详解】考查形容词词义辨析句意没有喷溅，没有响声，迈克也没有感觉到疼痛，只有下半身受到强烈的压迫A.upper上面的；B.lower下面的；C.inner内部的；D.heavier沉重的根据ThatwasuntillargesharkcamerightupunderMikeand]histeethintoMikeslowerleg.”可知鲨鱼咬住了迈克的小腿，他自然是下半身受到强烈的压迫故选Bo【19题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意迈克重重地打在鲨鱼的脸上，一次乂一次，直到鲨鱼松开了他A.released放开；B.defeated打败；C.spoiled发现；D.replaced取代根据AsMikeswambeickintoshorehefelthislowerrightlegspamming”可知在迈克不断地击打下，鲨鱼松开了他，迈克游回了岸边故选A【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析句意当迈克游回岸边时，他感到右腿痉挛；当他往下看时，他发现它不见了A.caught抓住；B.stolen偷；C.left离开；Igone不复存在根据“Thesharkhadbithislowerlegoff.w可知他发现自己的小腿不在了故选D【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意在接下来的几个星期里，迈克研究了修复术，并考虑了未来oA.injury伤害；B.future未来；C.career生涯；D.event事件根据DuringthenextfewweeksMikeresearchedprosthetics”结合下文他又去海边冲浪可知迈克研究了修复术，并考虑了未来故选B【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析句意医生们一同意，迈克就做了一件我们很多人可能认为不可思议的事他又开始冲浪的A.unimportant不重要的;B.incorrect不正确的;C.unthinkable不能想象的;D.immature不成熟的根据“hestartedridingthewavesagain.Infacthisfirsttimebackwasnearthesiteofhisattack.v可知迈克被鲨鱼咬掉了小腿，还决定继续冲浪，这是人们无法想象的事情故选C【23题详解】考杳动词词义辨析句意迈克回忆起在袭击发生的那天早上，海水里有股鱼腥味A.proved证明B.stressed强调；C.recalled回忆；D.regretted后悔根据athewaterhadafishysmellthemorningoftheattack.n可知迈克在回忆被鲨鱼袭击的那天早晨故选C【24题详解】考查固定短语词义辨析句意他的好奇心促使他去研究鲨鱼，虽然他从未弄清楚自己为什么会成为目标，但迈克确实学到了一些改变他一生的东西人类对鲨鱼的危险远超过鲨鱼对人类的危险，迈克告诉《读者文摘》A.puzzledover努力思考；B.figuredout想出，弄明白；C.caredabout关心；D.lookinto调查根据whyhebecameatargetw可知他从未弄清楚自己为什么会成为目标故选B【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析句意他的好奇心促使他去研究鲨鱼，虽然他从未弄清楚自己为什么会成为目标，但迈克确实学到了一些改变他一生的东西人类对鲨鱼的危险远超过鲨鱼对人类的危险，迈克告诉《读者文摘》A.sensitive敏感的；B.friendly友好的；C.risky冒险的；D.dangerous危险的根据Iwatchedadocumentarycalled阳8月andIlearnedaboutthe10forsharkfinsoupandthefactthat70millionsharksayeararekilledfortheirfinsalone.w可知人类对鲨鱼的危险远超过鲨鱼对人类的危险故选D【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意我看了一部名为《鲨鱼水》的纪录片，我了解到人们对鱼翅汤的需求，以及每年仅为了鱼翅就有7000万条鲨鱼被捕杀的事实A.demand需求B.anxiety焦虑；C.benefit好处；D.value价值根据“andthefactthat70millionsharksayeararekilledfortheirfinsalone.可知这里意思是人们对鱼翅汤的需求故选A【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析句意迈克说，作为鲨鱼幸存者，他独特处境赋予了他发言权A.voice发言权；B.chailenge挑战；C.right权禾ij；D.chance机会根据HebeganworkingwiththeHawaiistatelegislature（立法机关）tohelppassa12onshark-relatedproducts.”可知迈克为鲨鱼发声，即他的独特处境赋予了他发言权故选A
17.A.cutB.bitC.sankD.dropped
18.A.upperB.lowerC.innerD.heavier
19.A.releasedB.defeatedC.spottedD.replaced
20.A.caughtB.stolenC.leftD.gone
21.A.injuryB.futureC.career【）.event
22.A.unimportantB.incorrectC.unthinkableD.immature
23.A.provedB.stressedC.recalledD.regretted
24.A.puzzledoverB.figuredoutC.caredaboutD.lookinto
25.A.sensitiveB.friendlyC.risky1）.dangerous
26.A.demandB.anxietyC.benefitD.value
27.A.voiceB.challengeC.rightD.chance
28.A.planB.testC.decisionD.ban【答案】
17.C
18.B
19.A
20.D
21.B
22.C
23.C
24.B
25.D
26.A
27.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文
28.D文章主要讲了一次冲浪爱好者迈克在海中遇险被鲨鱼咬掉了小。
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