还剩22页未读,继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览,全部文档请下载后查看!喜欢就下载吧,查找使用更方便
文本内容:
Unit1Al.advicen.建议,忠告,劝告ladvice是不可数名词,表示“一条建议”“两条建议”“一些建议”可用apieceofadvice;twopieceofadvice;someadvice2advice作名词时的常用搭配
①asksb.foradvice征询某人的建议
②givesb.someadvice=givesomeadvicetosb.给某人提出一些建议
③giveadviceonsth.在某方面给出建议©takefollowonesadvice接受某人的建议e.g.Heoftengivesussomeadvice.=Heoftengivessomeadvicetous.他经常给我们一些建议★例题Yourisveryhelpful.IguessIlltakeit.A.secretB.adviceC.promiseD.purpose答案B秘密;建议;承诺;目标由下句“我想我会采纳”可知“你的建议很有用工
2.What9sthematter怎么了?1该句用来询问对方所遇到的麻烦,或医生及护士询问病人身体情况,常与with连用,后跟sb./sth.意为“某人或某物怎么了?”e.g.Whatsthematterwithyou你怎么了?1lostmypen./Ihaveacold.我把我的钢笔弄丢了/我感冒了⑵“你怎么了”各种常见表达:Whatsthematterwithyoue.g.Nowheisintroubleweshouldgoallouttohelphim.现在他遇到了麻烦,我们应该全力以赴去帮助他3havetrouble/difficulty/problemswithsth.=havetrouble/difficulty/problemsindoingsth.表示“做某事有困难”e.g.Hissonhadtroubleclimbingupthehill.他儿子爬这座山很困难4Whatsthetroublewithyou你怎么了?★例题Sallyismybestfriend.SheisalwaystherewheneverTm.Yeah.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.A.inorderB.introubleC.inpublic答案:B按顺序;深陷困境;在公共场合根据最后一句“患难中的朋友才是真正的朋友”可知每当“我”身陷困境时,朋友总是在帮助“我北5拓展trouble动词表示“使烦恼使忧虑;麻烦”e.g.CouldItroubleyoutoopenthedoor能麻烦你开一下门吗?
15.hitv.用手或器具击;打lhit-hit过去式・hit过去分词-hitting现在分词e.g.Theboyhitthedogwithastone.那男孩用一块石头打那只狗2hit后接人或物的部位时,常用如下结构hitsb./sth.on/in+部位e.g.Shehithimontheheadwithherumbrella.她用雨伞打他的头注意打在人体硬部位上用用介词n软部位上用介词in且结构中的定冠词通常不可用物主代词代替★例题Dontplaynearthewindow.Thebrokenglassmay打到你的头.答案hityouonthehead.
16.rightaway立即;马上rightaway的同义词和同义短语分别是immediately和rightnow/atoncee.g.Hesetoffrightawayhearingthenews.听到那个消息,他立即动身了★例题MyfatherwillleaveforEnglandatonce.A.rightawayB.attimesC.ontimeD.justnow答案A马上;有时;按时;刚才句意我父亲将马上离开去英国BLtake...to...带…去・・・e.g.Dontworry.Iwilltakeyoutothebusstop.别担心我将带你去公共汽车站⑴辨析
①bring带来(带到说话人的地方)e.g.Remembertobringyourhomeworktoschooltomorrow.记得明天把你的作业带到学校来
②take拿走(拿到远离说话人的地方)e.g.Pleasetakethebookstotheclassroom.请把这些书拿到教室去
③carry扛,搬(任何方向)e.g.Pleasecarrythebagtomyoffice.请把这个袋子扛到我办公室
④fetch去取来,去拿来(往返取物)e.g.Dontworry.Icanfetchthekey.别着急,我能把钥匙拿来★例题MyparentsusuallymethatparkwhenIwasyoung.Wealwaysenjoyedourselvesthere.A.took;toB.fetched;fromC.brought;toD.carried;from答案:A从说话处带到别的地方;去……取……;从别处带到说话人的地方;从……搬……
(2)take的其他常用含义
①take表示“乘坐某一交通工具”
②take表示“花费”,常用句型Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.做某事花费某人多少时间
③take意为“买”,当决定要买某物品时可以说“Intakeit/them.”
④take表示吃喝”时与eatdrinkhave意思相近;但表示“吃药”时,通常只用take
2.beusedtodoing...习惯于做…e.g.Heisusedtogettingupearly.他习惯于早起辨析
①be/get/becomeusedtodoing”习惯于做...”前者强调状态;后两者强调渐变的过程,其中to为介词,后接动名词doingoe.g.Hehasbeenusedtowalkingtoschool.他已经习惯于步行去上学
②usedtodo“过去常常”,后接动词原形e.g.Heusedtogotoworkonfoot.他过去常常步行上班
③beusedtodo/fordoing”被用于做…”是被动语态e.g.Heusedhisknifetocutoffhisaim.=Hisknifewasusedtocutoffhisarm.他用刀子砍掉了他的胳膊★彳列题1IusedtonewspapersandwatchTVafterdinner.ButnowImusedtoawalk.A.read;takeB.read;takingC.reading;takingD.reading;take答案:Busedtodosth.意为“过去经常做某事;beusedtodoingsth.意为“习惯于做某事”句意我过去晚饭后常常读报纸和看电视,但是现在我习惯散步例题2DoyouknowwhatawritingbrushisYes.Itsusedwritinganddrawing.A.withB.toC.forD.by答案:Cbeusedfor被用来做…,beusedbysb.被某人使用
3.mnout用尽;耗尽e.g.Afteralongwalkheranoutofhiswater.长途跋涉后他用尽了他的水辨析:
①runout是“动词+副词”型动词短语,主语通常是时间、食物、金钱等名词e.g.Hismoneysoonranout.他的钱很快花完了°
②runoutof作及物动词用=useup后接宾语,主语通常是人e.g.Ihaverunoutofmymoneybeforepayday.在发工资的日子之前我已经用尽了我的钱注意runoutof…其愿意为从…中跑出e.g.Lotsofstudentsranoutoftheclassroomtoseewhathadhappened.很多学生从教室里跑出来看看发生了什么事★例题Iwillgotobuysomepaper.Mypaperhas.A.goneoutB.comeoutC.runoutD.lookedout答案:C出去;出版,出来;用完,耗尽;当心句意我要去买些纸,我的纸用完了
4.Soheusedhisknifetocutoffhalfhisrightarm.所以他用刀子将他的右臂切去了一半lknife用作名词,意为“小刀”其复数形式为knives类似有:wife-wives妻子wolf-*wolves狼thief—thieves贼shelf-shelves架子life-*lives生命half-*halves一半leaf-*leaves树叶2cutoff意为“切除,切断”,是由“动词+副词”构成的短语后跟代词时,代词应放于cut和off之间e.g.cutoffthewire切断电线cutit/themoff把它/它们切断3拓展与cut有关的短语cutup切碎cutdown砍倒cutinline插队cut...intwo/half把…切成两半cut...intopieces把…切成碎片
5.sothat以便为了lsothat引导H的状语从句,从句谓语动词常用情态动词may/might/can/could等e.g.Wewentearlysothatwecouldgetgoodseats.为了占到好座位,我们早早就去了★例题IlookedthroughmytestpaperagainandagainIwouldntmakeanymistakes.A.soB.becauseC.sothat答案:C因此;因为;为了句意为了不会出现错误,我把试卷检查了一遍又一遍2sothat引导目的状语从句,当主句主语与从句主语一致时,可用usoastoinorderto+动词原形”转化为简单句e.g.Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.=Hegotupearlyinorderto/soastocatchtheearlybus.为了赶早班公交车他起床很早3sothat还可以与inorderthat互换e.g.Heworkeddayandnightsothat/inorderthathecouldsucceed.他夜以继日地工作为的是成功4so…that…表示“如此…以至于…”引导结果状语从句e.g.Theboyissoyoungthathecantgotoschool.这个男孩太小还不能去上学.meanv.意思是;打算;意欲lmean用作动词,意为“意思是”,后面可以跟that从句e.g.Doyoumeanthatit\noneofmybusiness你的意思是它与我无关吗⑵拓展
①mean名词形式为meaning意为“含义;意思”,常用句型What\themeaningof...o该句型可与Whatdoes/do…mean进行同义句转换e.g.Whatsthemeaningoftheword=Whatdoesthewordmean这个单词是什么意思?
②meantodo...打算做...e.g.Imeantogotomorrowbutmyfatherwillnotallowmeto.我打算明天去,但我父亲不会允许我去
③meandoing…意味着做…e.g.Doingthatmeanswastingtime.做那件事意味着浪费时间.decisionn.决定;抉择decision常用于短语makeadecision/decisions意为“作决定”makeadecisiontodosth.=decidetodosth.=makeuponesmindtodosth.决定做某事e.g.Hemadeadecision/decidedtogotoNewYorkfinally.最后他决定去纽约★例题ItwasveryhardformetomakeabutIdecidedtoleavemyjob.A.invitationB.decisionC.planD.discussion答案:B邀请;决定;计戈ij;讨论句意:对于我来说做出决定很难,但我决定辞职.controln.v.限制;约束;管理lbeincontrolof为固定短语,意为“管理;掌管:e.g.Ateachermustbeincontrolofhisclass.老师必须掌控好自己的课堂Who飞incontroloftheproject谁是这个项目的负责人?⑵拓展:control的其他相关短语undercontrol在控制之下outofcontrol失去控制e.g.Everythingisundercontrol.一切在控制之下★例题Thecarwasoutofandhitatreebytheroad.A.dangerB.breathC.controlD.practice答案:Coutofdanger脱离危险;outofbreath上气不接下气;oulofcont失控;outofpractice疏于练习.keepondoing…继续、重复做...e.g.Dontkeeponinterruptingme.别老是跟我打岔1句型
①keepdoingsth.一直做某事e.g.Keepsmiling.保持微笑
②keepsb.doingsth.让某人一直做某事e.g.Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.对不起让你久等了
③keepondoingsth.继续/重复做某事e.g.Hekeptonsittingdownandstandingup.他重复坐下又站起来⑵英语中后接doing作宾语的词组完成练习值得忙finishpracticebeworthbebusy继续习惯放弃keeponbeusedtogiveup考虑建议不禁想considersuggestcanthelpfeellike喜欢思念要介意enjoymissmind.becauseof...由于…⑴辨析
①because接从句e.g.Heisabsentbecauseheisilltoday.他今天缺席,因为他病了
②becauseof接名词,代词或动名词e.g.Heisabsenttodaybecauseofhisillness.他今天缺席,因为他病了★例题Wcdidnthaveasportsmeetingyesterdaytheheavyrain.A.becauseB.unlessC.becauseofD.acrossfrom答案:C句意因为下大雨,昨天我们没有开运动会介词f之后应跟名词2because因为和so所以不能同时出现在一个英语句子中,只用其一,类似的词还有although虽然和but但是e.g.Althoughhewastiredhestillworkedhard.=Hewastiredbuthestillworkedhard.虽然他很累了,但他仍然努力工作H.giveup放弃1后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式e.g.Youshouldntgiveuprunning.你不应该放弃跑步★例题Youshouldsmoking.Itsreallybadforyourhealth.A.putupB.giveupC.getupD.setup答案:B搭建;放弃;起床;建立句意:你应该放弃吸烟吸烟真的有害身体健康2up在此短语中是副词,故giveup与代词连用时,代词需放中间e.g.IfindittoodifficulttolearnEnglishwell.Iwanttogiveitup.我发现学好英语很难我想放弃它3拓展:give其他相关短语giveaway赠送giveback归还;,恢复givein屈服giveoff发出;放出giveout分发.情态动词should的用法lshould应当,应该”,表示义务、责任,后接动词原形,且无人称和数的变化,否定形式为shouldnte.g.Youshouldobeytheschoolrulers.我们应该遵守学校的规则Youshouldntdothat.你们不应该做那件事★彳列题Manypeopleplaywithmobilephonesalldayinsteadofreadingbooks.Thatstoobad.Everyonebeabooklover.Readingismoreenjoyable.A.mayB.shouldC.would答案:B可能;应该;会句意每个人应当成为书的爱好者读书跟快乐⑵用于征求对方的意见,should表示“应当;应该”此时,一般用于第一人称的一般疑问句或特殊疑问句中e.g.ShouldIhelphercleanthepark我应该帮她打扫公园吗?WhatshouldIdoforthem我应该为他们做些什么?.反身代词反身代词是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称人称代词宾格形式,词尾加-self或-selves组成的反身代词意为“本人”、“本身”,为加强语气,也可翻译为“亲自”、“自己”⑴反身代词构成二Whatsthetroublewithyou=Whatstheproblemwithyou=Whatswrongwithyou二Whatsup=Whathappened★例题Nickisnotatschool.Hehasacold.A.WhosthatB.WhatsthematterC.HowoldisheD.Howmuchisit答案B句意——Nick没来上学怎么回事?——他感冒了
①此类句型中,matterproblem前需加定冠词thetrouble前可加the或形容词性物主代词;wrong是形容词,其前不加任何修饰词
②此类句型中,what即为句子主语,本身构成陈述语序,故当句子以宾语从句身份出现时不可将be移至thematter/trouble/problem之后
3.haveastomachache胃疼lhave+an+名词,表示患某种病e.g.haveacold感冒haveatoothache牙疼haveafever发烧haveaheadache头疼拓展sore与pain也可用于表示疾病的短语e.g.haveasorethroatback/knee…嗓子疼背疼/膝盖疼…haveapaininthebackfoot/knee…背疼脚疼/膝盖疼⑵stomachache可数名词意为“胃疼;腹疼”,是由名词stomach胃;腹部加ache疼痛构成的复合名词“身体部位+ache”构成疾病名称2反身代词的用法
①作动词宾语或介词宾语e.g.Theboycandresshimself.这个男孩能给自己穿衣服Takegoodcareofyourself.好好照顾你自己
②作主语或宾语的同位语e.g.Mrs.Blackherselfisalawyer.布莱克夫人本人就是一名律师Youhadbetteraskthedriverhimself.你最好问司机本人
③作表语e.g.Justbeyourself.做你自己就好了Maryhasntbeenherselfrecently.玛丽近来感至【J不适3反身代词必须与其所指代的名词或代词形成相互关系,在人称,性别和数上保持一致e.g.Thechildrenareenjoyingthemselvesinthepark.孩子们正在公园里玩得很高兴★例题Theycouldlookafterwhentheyweresix.A.ourselvesB.themselvesC.yourselves答案:B句意当他们六岁时就能够照顾自己了主语时they对应反身代词themselves4反身代词的常用短语teachoneself=learnbyoneself自学enjoyoneself过得愉快helponeselfto...随便吃/用…lookafteroneself照顾某人自己dressoneself给自己穿衣服★例题KateImgoingtobusiness.Pleaselookafterwell.DontworryMom.Iwill.A.youB.yourC.yourselfD.yourselves答案:Cyour是形容伺性物主代词,不能单独作宾语,故排除;lookafteryourself照顾你自己headache头疼toothache牙疼backache背疼★例题MomI.Imsorrytohearthatdear.Wemustgotoseethedentistrightaway.A.haveaheadacheB.haveastomachacheC.haveatoothache答案C由下文“dentist”可知孩子牙疼.footn.脚fool作为可数名词用,其复数形式是feete.g.Thiskindofanimalhasfourfeet.这种动物有四只脚1与foot变复数的变化形式相似的词还有tooth-teeth牙齿goose-geese鹅2onfoot步行,固定短语相当于walke.g.Wecamehereonfoot.=Wewalkedhere.我们走着来这儿的.fevern.发烧e.g.Tomhasafever.汤姆发烧了1haveafever=haveatemperature=runafever发烧e.g.Ihadatemperaturelastnight.昨晚我发烧了★例题Nancytookhertemperatureandfoundshehada.A.coughB.toothacheC.coldD.fever答案:D由上文“南希量了一下体温”可知发现她发烧了⑵拓展haveahightemperature/fever发高烧
6.liev.躺,平躺llie的各种含义
①Hev.躺位于平放lay-lain-lyinge.g.Youshouldliedown.你应该躺下Hisschoolliesinthenorthofthecity.他的学校位于城北
②liev.说谎lied-lied-lyinge.g.Heoftenlies.他经常说谎
③lien.谎言lies复数e.g.Heoftentellslies.他经常说谎★例题Lookthereisawalletontheplayground.A.lieB.lyingC.layD.lain答案:B如©归6©...€10遍5由为固定句式,曲躺,位于,平放其现在分词是lying⑵拓展layv.下蛋,放置e.g.Thehenslayalotofeggseveryday.母鸡每天下很多蛋Pleaselaythetablebeforedinner.饭前请摆好餐具.restv.n.放松;休息lrest作及物动词,意为“使休息”,作不及物动词,意为“休息”e.g.Youshouldrestyoureyesafteralotofreading.在大量阅读之后,你应该休息一下你的眼睛ImtiredandIwanttorest.我累了,我想休息2rest也可以作名词,have/takearest=have/takeabreak意为“休息一下e.g.Studentshavearest/breakaftereachlesson.学生们每节课后都休息一下.feelv.摸起来lfeel常用作系动词,其后跟形容词作表语其主要用法有
①表示某物摸起来给人的感觉,通常要以被摸之物作主语,不可用于进行时态e.g.Yourhandfeelscold.你的手摸起来很凉Silkfeelssoftandsmooth.丝绸摸起来柔软平滑
②表示某人的感觉,以人作主语,可用于进行时态e.g.Ifeelfine./Imfeelingfine.我感觉良好/我现在感觉良好2归纳:常用的感官动词:feel摸起来,look看起来,sound听起来,taste尝起来,smell闻起来3拓展feellike+n.意为“摸起来像…”e.g.Thiswalletfeelslikeleather.这个钱包摸起来像是皮的★例题Thisbedsoftandcomfortable.A.soundsB.tastesC.feelsD.smells答案C句意:这张床摸起来柔软而且舒服.withoutprep.没有,缺乏lwithout后接名词、代词宾格或v.-ing作宾语,其反义词为withe.g.Wegottherewithoutanytrouble.我们到了那儿,一路上没遇到任何麻烦Canyoufinishyourhomeworkwithouthim没有他你能完成你的家庭作业吗?Shelefttheroomwithoutsayingaword.她一句话没有说就离开了房间★例题Theuteacher-freeexam”meansthatstudentstaketheirexamsteachers.Studentsmustbemorehonest.答案A没有;反对;通过;被由后句“学生们必须更加诚实”,可知“teacher-freeexam”意思是没有老师监考的测试⑵拓展without用于否定句,还可以表示条件,意为“如果没有”,相当于if引导的否定条件句e.g.Wecouldntlivewithoutair.=Wecouldntliveiftherewerentair.如果没有空气,我们就不能活★例题WyourhelpIcouldnthavepassedtheexam.答案:Without句意如果没有你的帮助,我不能通过考试.hurtv.使疼痛;受伤1hurt-hurt过去式-hurt过去分词2hurt作及物动词,表示“使疼痛,受伤;使不快”,后接宾语e.g.Youhurtherfeelingsbecauseyouforgotherbirthday.你伤了她的感情因为你忘记了她的生日AboyhurthimselfinP.E.class.一个男孩在体育课上伤着自己了3hurt作不及物动词,表示“感到疼痛:e.g.Myfeethurt.我脚疼....whenthedriversawanoldmanlyingonthesideoftheroad.……,就在此时司机看到一位老人躺在路边lwhen引导时间状语从句,除常常有“当…时”之意外,放在过去进行时构成的主句之后,还以为“就在此时7那时;突然”相当于atthis/thattimee.g.Hewasjustgettingintotheshowerwhenthetelephonerang.他正要去沐浴间,这时突然电话响了起来★例题Theywereplayingsoccerontheplaygroundthestormcame.A.assoonasB.aslongasC.whenD.while答案:C句意他们正在操场上踢足球,这时暴风雨来了表示某一个动作正在进行时,另一个动作突然发生,应用when意为“在那时”⑵辨析
①seesb.doingsth.看见某人正在做某事看见动作正在进行e.g.Isawhimplayingthepianointhemusicroomjustnow.我刚刚看见他正在音乐室弹钢琴
②seesb.dosth.看见某人做某事看见动作全过程或经常性的动作e.g.Ioftenseehimplaybasketballafterschool.我经常看见他放学后打篮球3拓展v.+sb.+doing/do的常见动词一感feel二听listentohear四看seelookatwatchnotice★例题1Iseetheretwoboyspassmyhouseeveryday.答案:pass句意每天我都会看见这两个男孩经过我的房子seesb.dosth.意为“看见某人做某事”例题21triedtomakeAlicehermindbutIfounditdifficult.WellIsawyouthatwhenIwentpast.A.changed;doB.changes;doingC.change;todoD.change;doing答案:D句意一一我尽力使艾丽斯改变她的主意,但我发现很难一一哦,但我经过的时候,我看到你正在那样做makesb.dosth.使某人做某事;seesb.doingsth.看见某人正在做某事.getoff下车⑴getoff的反义短语是geton“上车”e.g.DontgetontheNo.8bus.不要上8路公交车HegotoffatGuangmingRoad.他在光明路下车了
(2)拓展get的相关短语getup起床geton登上(公共汽车、火车等)getoff下(公共汽车、火车、飞机)getin进入(小汽车、出租车)getoutof从(小汽车、出租车等)下来★例题Stevenweshouldthebusatthenextstop.A.getupB.getoffC.gettoD.getin答案:B句意“斯蒂文,我们应该在下一站下车”.toonessurprise让某人吃惊的是e.g.Tohissurprisetheplansucceeded.让他吃惊的是,那个计划成功了surprise及其派生词的相关用法©surprise动词suiprisesb.e.g.Idontwanttosurpriseher.我不想让她惊讶©surprise名词toonessurprisegivesb.asurpriseinsurprisee.g.LetsgiveMomasurprise!咱们给妈妈一个惊喜吧!
③surprising形容词常修饰物e.g.Whatsurprisingnews!多么令人惊讶的消息呀!©surprised形容词常用人作主语besui*prisedatsth.besurprisedtodosth.besurprisedthat...e.g.Iwassuiprisedatthenews.我对这个消息感到意外
⑤surprisingly副词e.g.Shelookedsurprisinglywell.她看上去身体出奇地好★例题HowwasyourlifeinEnglandQuitedifferentfromhere.peopletheredrinkteawithmilk.A.InmyopinionB.TomysurpriseC.Atthebeginning答案:B在我看来;使我吃惊的是;atthebeginningof...在…的开始由语境可知使我吃惊的是人们喝茶加牛奶.troublen.问题;苦恼trouble常用作不可数名词,相当于difficulty意为“困难;苦恼,常用短语及句式1getsb.intotrouble意为使某人陷入困境”e.g.IfIdontclockinbefore9rilgetintotrouble!我要是9点前没有上班打卡,我就会遇到麻烦的2beintrouble意为“陷入困境中第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimselfTherseliYitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves。