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十五Unit5UsingLanguage-语用训练-I.单词拼写Urban(城市的)dwellersoftenacceptnoiseaspartofcitylife.Choosefromsixpopularflavours(味道)oficecream!Hiswholelifeisafightagainstpoverty(贫穷)andunemployment.Theplanreceivedwidespread(普遍的)supportthroughoutthecountry.MrsCaanneedsalittlehelpgettinghergroceries(食品杂货)home.Theyarenotentirely(完全地)happywithhiscriticismofthepresident.HefirstenteredBritainonasix-monthvisaandwasgivenafurtherextension(延长)ofsixmonths.Hehasadelicatedigestion(消化能力)andcannoteatoilyfood.Thereality(实际情况)isthatthereisnotenoughmoneytopayforthisproject.WhentheygottoMontanatheyputdownroots(根)andbuiltalife.II.单句语法填空Whatsomescientistshavefoundisthattheirlong-termusecansometimesharmboththelandandpeopleshealth.Pesticidescandamagethelandbykillingnotonlyharmfulbacteriaandinsectsbutalsohelpfulones.Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusing(use)anychemicals.Organicfarmersalsousemanyothermethods(method)toproducerichsoil.Thegoalofusingdifferentorganicfarmingmethodsistogrowgoodfoodwhileavoiding(avoid)damagetotheenvironmentortopeopleshealth.Somepeoplewouldprefertostoptheuseofman-madechemicalsinagricultureentirely(entire).Weshouldntlosesightofthefactthateducationisimportantforitsownsake.Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.Itistruethatshehasmadeaveryimportantdiscoveryinchemistry.Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.III.完成句子Veryloudnoisecanmakepeopleillordrivethemmad.很大的噪音会使人身体不适,或使他们发狂Recentlycustomershaveturnedtoorganicfoodwhenshoppingatthelocalgrocery.最近,顾客在当地杂货店购物时,已经转向购买有机食品Forexamplemanyorganicfarmersusenaturalwastefromanimalsasfertiliser.例如,许多种植有机农作物的农民使用来自动物的天然废弃物作为肥料Organicfarmingisnowherenearabletomeettheneed.有机农业完全不能满足那样的需求Thereforethereisstillalongwaytofindasuitablesolutionthatputssufficientfoodonthedinnertablewhilekeepingpeopleandtheenvironmentashealthyaspossible.因此,要找到一个合适的解决方案,在保持人和环境尽可能健康的同时,把足够的食物放在餐桌上,还有很长的路要走主题阅读I.阅读理解ATheorganicfoodshavegainedalotofpopularityastheyarebeingconsideredashealthierandtastier.Afairnumberofpeopleadvocatealarge-scaleshifttoorganicfarmingfromconventionalagriculture.Butthismightnotseemwell-founded.Sincethemid-19thcenturyconventionalindustrialagriculturehasbecomeincrediblyefficientonasimplelandtofoodbasis.Conventionalfarminggetsmoreandmorecroppersquarefootoflandwhichcanmeanlesswildernessneedstobetransformedtofarmland.Tomakefarmingmoreefficientconventionalagricultureusesasignificantamountofsyntheticfertiliser合成月巴料eachyearandallthatnitrogenMenablesmuchfasterplantgrowth.Howeverthecostispaidinvastpolluteddeadzonesatthemonthsofmanyoftheworldsriversbecausemuchofthenitrogenendsuprunningoffthesoilandintotheoceans.Thisalsomakesconventionalfarmingoneofthemajorthreatstotheenvironment.Toweakentheenvironmentalimpactofagricultureimprovesoilqualityaswellasproducehealthierfoodssomefarmershaveturnedtoorganicfarming.Environmentalistshavealsowelcomedorganicfoodasbetterfortheplanetthanthefoodproducedbyagriculturalcorporations.Organicpractices一refusingartificialfertilizersandchemicalpesticides一areconsideredfarmoresustainable.Salesoforganicfoodrose
7.7%in2010upto$
26.7billion一andpeoplearemakingthosepurchasesfortheirmoralsensesasmuchastheirtongues.Yetanewmeta-analysisinNaturedoesthemathandcomestoahardconclusion:organicfarmingproduces25%fewercropsonaveragethanconventionalagriculture.IntheNatureanalysisscientistsperformedananalysisof66studiescomparingconventionalandorganicmethodsacross34differentcropspeciesfromfruitstograins.Theyfoundthatorganicfarmingdeliveredaloweroutputforeverycroptypethoughthedifferencevariedwidely.Forcropslikefruittreesorganictrailed(落后于)conventionalagriculturebyjust5%.Yetformajorgraincropsandvegetables一allofwhichprovidetheworldsmaincalories一conventionalagricultureoutperformedorganicsbymorethan25%.Whatthatmeansisthatwhileorganicfarmingmaybemoresustainablethanconventionalagriculturetherearetrade-offs(止匕消彼长)witheach.Soanidealglobalagriculturesystemmayborrowthebestfrombothsystemsratherthanupholdingmerelyorganicorconventionalpractices.【文章大意】有机食品越来越受欢迎,人们认为它们更健康、更美味一个理想的全球农业系统可以从有机农业和传统农业中获得最好的利益,而不是仅仅支持有机或常规的做法WhatdoweknowaboutconventionalfarmingItproducesmorecropswithfewerfertilisers.Itachievesefficiencyatahugecosttotheenvironment.Ifoffersalong-termsolutiontoglobaldemandforfood.Itperformsfarbetterforeachcroptypethanorganicfarming.【解析】选B推理判断题根据第二段Sincethemid-19thcenturyconventionalindustrialagriculturehasbecomeincrediblyefficientonasimplelandtofoodbasis.和第三段最后一句Thisalsomakesconventionalfarmingoneofthemajorthreatstotheenvironment.可知,传统农业以牺牲环境的巨大代价来实现生产效率WhatdoestheauthormostprobablyagreewithEmployingorganicfarmingtoplantrice.Adoptingorganicpracticestogrowpotato.Usingconventionalmethodstoplantcabbage.Applyingconventionalfarmingtogrowapple.【解析】选Co推理判断题根据倒数第二段最后两句Forcropslikefruittreesorganictrailedconventionalagriculturebyjust5%.Yetformajorgraincropsandvegetables—allofwhichprovidetheworldsmaincalories—conventionalagricultureoutperformedorganicsbymorethan25%.可知作者最可能同意用传统的方法种植卷心菜CP:CentralPointP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要点)C:Conclusion【解析】选A细节理解题第一段是文章的中心论点,有机食品越来越受欢迎,因为它们被认为更健康、更美味;文章第2—3段阐述了对conventionalagriculture的观点,4—6段阐述了从conventionalagriculture向organicfanning的转变及新的研究发明,两部分分别阐述了两种农业的利弊;最后一段得出结论,一个理想的全球农业系统可以从两个系统中获益,而不是仅仅靠支持有机或常规的做法WhatstheauthorspurposeofwritingthepassageTocomparetwotypesoffarming.Tocriticizeconventionalagriculture.Todiscussthedevelopmentoffarming.Toargueforarealisticagriculturesystem.【解析】选D写作意图题根据最后一段可知作者写本文的目的是主张建立一个现实的农业体系BImagineyoureatthesupermarketcheckout.Youpaythecashierloadyourfoodintothecartthentakeonethirdofyournewlypurchaseditemsoutsideandthrowthemintothetrash.Thismaysoundunbelievablebutmillionsofusworldwidedothisregularlyalthoughinamorenon-directway.IntheWestmostofthisfoodisthrownawaybybusinessesthatareunabletosellitorbyconsumerswhobuytoomuch.Andthemajorityofthisfooddespitebeingpastitsshelflifeisstillperfectlyfitforhumanconsumption.Sowheredotheseexcessproductsendup“Wereceivefoodfromvarioussourcesincludingfoodbanksrestaurantscafesfoodphotographersandevents”saysAdamSmithfounderofTheRealJunkFoodProject.TheBritishcompanyrecentlymadeheadlinesintheUKafteritbecamethecountrysfirst“foodwastesupermarketvofferingproductsthatwouldotherwisehaveendedupinwaste.Mostofitscustomersarelow-incomefamiliesorevencollegestudentswhofinditdifficulttoaffordfood.Weaskourcustomerstopaywhattheyfeelintimemoneyorskills.Wedohavepeoplecomingwiththeintentionofpayingandifitcarriesonlikeitdoesitwillpayforthecostofthewarehouse“Smithexplains.SomeshopsacrossEuropearealsotakingaction.FrancerecentlypassedalawthatsaysallsupermarketsmustnowdonatealloftheirunsoldproducetocharitieswhiletheItaliangovernmenthasalsoputsimilarmeasuresinplace.Hundredsofcafesthatservemealsmadefromsurplusfoodhavebeensetupacrossthecontinenttoosellingdishesatbottompricesorevengivingthemawayforfree.Sowhatcanwedotopreventourdinnerendingupinthebin“Buyless.Oratleastshopsmarter“saidSmith.Afterallthebestplaceforfoodisinourstomachsnotthetrash.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文全世界现在存在一种浪费现象超市里有近三分之一的东西会因为超过保质期而沦为垃圾,而实际上这些商品还是可以使用的针对这种情况,欧美一些国家正在采取行动Whatsthemeaningoftheunderlinedwords“beingpastitsshelflife”inParagraph2Beingpastits“sell-by”date.Beingfarfromenough.Beingpastthelengthofbeingeatable.Beingoutofdate.【解析】选A词义猜测题划线部分的意思是“超过货架寿命下一句说仍然适合消费,因此推断此处表示超过了最佳售卖的日期,故选AWhatdoweknowaboutTheRealJunkFoodProjectItgetsfoodfromthewaste.Itwantstomakeafatprofit.Itdrewmassiveattentionlately.Itsmainaimistodocharities.【解析】选峰细节理解题根据第三段“TheBritishcompanyrecentlymadeheadlines可知,这家公司因为回收商品的行为迅速吸引了人们的注意WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4SomecountriesinEuropeareactivelyhelpingpoorpeople.SomecountriesinEuropearetryingtoaddressfoodwaste.RelatedshopsinEuropearewillingtogiveawaytheirfood.AllthecountriesinEuropehavemadelawstohandlefoodwaste.【解析】选B推理判断题第四段提到了法国、意大利等欧洲国家针对商品浪费的现象采取了措施故选BWhatisthebesttitleofthepassageTurningTrashintoTreatsBuyingLessandSmarterFoodTrashIndustryWarnagainstFoodWaste【解析】选A标题概括题整篇文章介绍的是针对大量过了最佳销售日期的商品如何避免沦为垃圾的情况,分别列举了几种好的做法,因此A选项是最符合文章主旨的标题II.语法填空WhenSarasotastudentstook1biteofafreshlypickedwatermelonormangotheyknewthefruitcamefromafive-acrefarmrightinSarasotainsteadofthousandsofmilesaway2freshandmorenutritional.TheSarasotaFarmtoSchoolprogramis3actualpartofaninitiative倡议headedbytheFloridaDepartmentofAgricultureandConsumerServicesplantoincreaseFlorida-basedproduceservedinschoolsandofferhealthierchoicestostudents.Inadditiontonutritionalvalueitofferstheprogramis5educationaswellallowingstudentstogetinvolvedintheagriculturalsideofworkinginthegardens.StudentsfromtheprogramcomeouteachMonday6harvestcropsthatwilleventuallygoto67SarasotaCountycafeterias.Thefarmiscrowded7variouskindsoffruitssquashsunflowersandcorn.Fornowthefarmisinitsfirstgrowingseason.Cropsthat8growinMayarejuststartingtobeharvested.Outsideofthefarmstudentsareengagingin参与sometastetestswith9theygetfromthegardens.Itsthroughthesetastingsessionsthateitherastudentorafarmercangetsome10informaboutwhatcropsshouldpopulatethefarm.【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文介绍了美国萨拉索塔县的“农场到校园”项目.【解析】a考查冠词此处bite是可数名词,表示“咬下的一口”根据语境可知,此处表示泛指,故填不定冠词a.【解析】freshero考查比较级根据句意和空后的“andmorenutritional可知,空处填所给词的比较级形式.【解析】actually考查副词此处修饰整个句子,故用副词actually作状语,表示“事实上”.【解析】planningo考查非谓语动词分析句子结构可知,空处作伴随状语,故用非谓语动词plan“计划”与句子主语program是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语注意不要受前面作定语的过去分词短语的影响而误以为此处也要填过去分词.【解析】educational考查形容词上文提到这个项目提供nutritionalvalue此处描述的是它的教育价值,故空处应该填跟nutritional一样词性的形容词作表语educational”教育的,具有教育意义的”.【解析】toharvesto考查非谓语动词空处作目的状语,故用不定式此处harvest是动词,表示“收割(庄稼)”.【解析】with考查介词根据becrowdedwith“充满”短语可知,空处应该填介词with.【解析】weregrown考查时态、语态和主谓一致分析句子结构可知,that引导定语从句修饰主句主语crops根据从句中的时间状语“inMay”和主句中的“arejuststartingtobeharvestedv可知,从句表示过去种植的庄稼,故用一般过去时;定语从句主语that与grow是被动关系,故用被动语态;且that指代前面的crops故从句谓语动词用复数形式.【解析】what考查宾语从句分析句子结构可知,空处是引导从句的连词,作介词的宾语;再结合从句结构,应填what表示”……的事物”,作get的宾语.【解析】informationo考查名词根据空前的getsome”和空后的“about”可知,此处填所给词的名词形式informationIII.应用文写作(2021•临沂高二检测)上周六,校学生会组织了一次参观雅琳农业生态园的活动假设你是李华,请你给校英文报写一篇报道活动内容包括.观赏花草;.采摘果蔬;.了解现代农业注意
1.词数80个左右,题目已为你写好;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯StudentsVisittoYalinEcologicalGarden【参考范文】StudentsVisittoYalinEcologicalGardenLastSaturdaysomestudentstookpartinanactivityorganizedbytheStudentsUnion.TheypaidavisittoYalinEcologicalGarden.UponarrivaltheyweregreatlyattractedbytheGarden.Theyadmiredvariousbeautifulflowerstreesandplants.Afterthattheywentintothefieldstopickfruitandvegetables.Theyalsoaskedgardenersmanyquestionsaboutmodernagriculture.Thisactivitybenefitedthestudentsalot.Itbroadenedtheirhorizonsandraisedtheirawarenessofgreenlifeaswell.。