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2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读附答案Therearemanysourcesofdebateonalongroadtripincludingrouteselectionthechoiceofsnacksandprobablymostimportantlywhattoplayontheradio.Findingawayforallpartiestolistentotheirownaudiowithouttheneedforheadphoneshasbeenagoalofcarmakersfordecadesandscientistsmayhavefinallymanagedit.AteamfromtheUniversityofLeMansinFrancecarefullypositionedmicrophonesspeakersandfilters(过滤器)tocreatepersonalisedsoundzones(PSZs)insideacarandthesmallregionsarewheresoundfromasetofspeakerscanbeheardclearly.Outsidetheseitcannotbeheard.Onebarrierwhichscientistshavepreviouslybeenunabletoovercomewastheimpactofmovingonesseat.TheywereabletoformaPSZbutunabletomoveittofollowapersoniftheymovedtheseatforwardsorbackwards.TheFrenchteamcreatedanewalgorithm(算法)specificallytotacklethisissuewhichhandlesthesoundwavestocreate“brightanddarkzonesinthecar.loudspeakersareplacedintheheadrestsandspecificfiltersforeachtransducer(换能器)arecalculatedtoreproduceasoundsignalthatmaintainsgoodqualityinthezoneunderconsiderationandisstronglyweakenedinotherzones/7saidDrLucasVindrolatheauthorofthestudy.Thekeytothetechniqueworkingproperlyishavingsufficientmicrophonesplacedaroundthecartodetecthowmanypeopleareinthecarandwheretheyaresitting.Thepricetopayistohavecontrolmicrophonesinthepassengersectionsothatthealgorithmcanwork.”Howeverthetechniqueisnotyetreadytobecommerciallyrolledoutasaluxuriousoptionalextrajustyetasitcurrentlyworksonlyforalimitedrangeoffrequencies.WhatwasonceachallengeforscientistsPSZscouldhardlybeformed.Thesoundofmovingaseatisloud.TheycouldnztcreatemovablePSZs.Theseatscouldntbemovedbackandforth.Howtheimpactofmovingonesseatwasaddressed.Whyenoughmicrophonesareplacedaroundthecar.Whenthealgorithmcanworkwellforallpassengers.Wherebrightanddarkzonesarecreatedinthecar.WhatcanweinferaboutthenewtechniqueItcurrentlyworkswithoutlimitation.Ithasbeenputintousecommercially.Itcanfunctionwellwithenoughmicrophones.Itiscostlytodetectthepositionofmicrophones.WhatisthemainpurposeofthepassageA.Tolaunchanewdebate.Totackleanoldproblem.Toadvertiseanalgorithm.Tointroduceanewtechnology.CACDThroughouthistorymanyspeciesofanimalshavebeenthreatenedwithextinction.WhenEuropeansfirstarrivedinNorthAmericamorethan60millionbuffalo(水牛)livedonthecontinent.Yethuntingthebuffalowassopopularduringthe19thcenturythatby1900theanimaTspopulationhadfallentoabout400beforethegovernmentsteppedintoprotectthespecies.Insomecountriestodaytheelephantfacesasimilarchallengeasillegalhunterskilltheanimalsfortheivoryintheirtusks.Yetnotallanimalswithcommercialvaluefacethisthreat(威胁).Thecowzforexampleisavaluablesourceoffoodbutnooneworriesthatthecowwillsoonbeextinct.WhydoesthecommercialvalueofivorythreatentheelephantwhilethecommercialvalueofbeefprotectsthecowThereasonisthatelephantsareacommonresourcewhilecowsareprivategoods.Elephantswanderfreelywithoutanyowners.Thehunterhasastrongmotivationtokillasmanyelephantsashecanfind.Becauseillegalhuntersarenumerouseachhasonlyaslightmotivationtopreservetheelephantpopulation.Bycontrastcattleliveonfarmsthatareprivatelyowned.Eachfarmermakesgreatefforttomaintainthecattlepopulationonhisfarmbecauseheharveststhebenefitoftheseefforts.Governmentshavetriedtosolvetheelephant*sproblemintwoways.SomecountriessuchasKenyaandUgandahavemadeitillegaltokillelephantsandselltheirivory.Yettheselawshavebeenhardtoputintoeffectandelephantpopulationshavecontinuedtodwindle.BycontrastothercountriessuchasMalawiandNamibiahavemadeelephantsprivategoodsandallowedpeopletokillelephantsbutonlythoseontheirownproperty.WithprivateownershipandtheprofitmotivenowonitssidetheAfricanelephantmightsomedaybeassafefromextinctionasthecow.TheancientGreekphilosopherAristotlepointedouttheproblemwithcommonresources:Whatiscommontomanyistakenleastcareofzforallmenhavegreaterregardforwhatistheirownthanforwhattheypossessincommonwithothers.Whydoestheauthormentionbuffaloinparagraph1Tointroduceasimilarthreattoelephants.Toprovideanexampleofspeciesextinction.Toofferanexplanationforgovernmentpolicies.TopresentthestatisticsofthebuffaloinAmerica.WhydoelephantsfacethreatswhilecowsaresafeTheyareunderdifferentlawprotectionTheyattractdifferentgroupsofhuntersTheycontaindifferentcommercialvalueTheyrepresentdifferentownershiptypesWhatisparagraph4mainlyaboutBansonkillingelephantsforivoryEffectivelawsforelephantprotection.MethodsofmakingelephantsprivategoodsGovernmentpoliciesontheelephant1sproblemWhatcanwelearnfromAristotleswordsPeopleholdlittleregardforotherspropertyPeoplewanttoprofitfromcommonresourcesPeoplecaremoreabouttheirownpossessionPeopletendtotakewhattheyownforgranted。