还剩5页未读,继续阅读
文本内容:
2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读附答案[2021•上海静安区模拟卷]ARCHAEOLOGISTS(考古学家)GUIDEDBYlaserimagesofaremoteregionofnorthernGuatemalahavediscovered20foothighwallswatchtowersandotherevidencethatancientMayasocietieshadbeenannoyedbywarfarethreatovermanyyears.Thefindshaveupendedlongestablishedimpressionsofacivilizationthatittamedthejungleandbuiltthrivingcitiesthendeclinedanddisappearedquietlybeneaththedensetropicalforest.AmongthemostsurprisingdiscoverieswasalargestonecomplexnowcalledLaCuemavilla.Builtonasteepridgetheheavilyfortifiedsiteincludedhighwalls.Moatswhichservesasthelargestdefensivesystemeverdiscoveredintheregion.ThiswassurprisingsaysanarchaeologistbecausewehadatendencytoromanticizeMayawarfareassomethingthatwaslargelyritualized.Butthefortificationswereseeingsuggestanelevatedlevelofantagonismovercenturies.Rulersweresodeeplyalarmedthattheyfelttheneedtoinvestinallthesehilltopfortifications.Thereisanalmostvisiblesenseoffearinthislandscape.0AllthesefindingsowecredittoPACUNAMLIDARInitiativealasersurveyofsome800squaremilesoftheMayaBiosphereReserveinnorthernGuatemala.UsingrevolutionaryLasertechnologythesurveyrevealedthelonghiddenruinsofasprawlingpreColumbiancivilizationthatwasfarmorecomplexandinterconnectedthanmostMayaspecialistshadsupposed.GuidedbythenewLasertreasuremapstheLIDARteamdeployedthroughthejungleoverthepastyeartoconducthandsoninvestigationsofmorethanadozenofthemostpromisingsitesmostofwhichwouldhavebeenimperceptiblewithoutLIDAR.“YoucouldwalkoverthetopofamajorruinandmissitsaysanarchaeologistwhospartofthePACUNAproject.ButLIDARpicksupthepatternsandmakesthefeaturespopoutwithsurprisingclarity.ThreedimensionalmapsgeneratedbythesurveyyieldedsurprisesevenatTikalthelargestandmostextensivelyexploredarchaeologicalsiteinGuatemala.Theancientcitywasatleastfourtimesbiggerthanpreviouslythoughtandsurroundedbyamassiveditchandfortifiedbasestretchingformiles.ArchaeologistsstressthatLIDARforallitsutilitywillneverseebelowthegroundoryielddirectdatesofoccupation.Westillneedtodigandhackourwaythroughthejunglebutnowwehaveaveryaccuratemaptoguideus..HowdidpeoplethinkofMayabeforethediscoveryofthedefenseruinsA.Itwasthemostadvancedcivilizationinthehistoryofmankind.B.Itwaslongunderthethreatoflargescalewars.C.Itsriseanddeclinewereunderwaypeacefully.D.Itwasfinallydestroyedbyalargescalewar..TheunderlinedwordantagonismisclosestinmeaningtoA.miseryB.revolutionC.populationdecreaseD.opposition.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassageA.ThemilitarymechanismfoundinLaCuemavillawasintendedforoccupyingmorelands.B.Thenewlasertechnologywasmainlyusedtoenlargetheoriginalsitesize.C.TheLIDARhelpstoavoidthetraditionaldiggingtaskinsiteexploration.D.TheTikalsitewasfoundtobeprotectedbycertaindefenseworks..Thepassageismainlyabout.A.peopleslongtimemisunderstandingofMayacivilizationB.discoveryofMayamilitaryworksaidedbynewexploretechnologyC.thefindingofabigwarfareresultinginthedisappearanceofMayacivilizationD.ThevariousadvantagesofnewtechnologiesinthefieldofarchaeologycDDBIfyourenotatleastabitterrifiedbytheclimateandecologicalbreakdownunfoldingbeforeoureyesyouhaventgraspedthescaleofthecrisis.Eco-anxietydefinedasachronic(长期的)fearofenvironmentaldoom”isontherise.Butredirectingthisanxietyintoangerandcollectiveactionmightjustpullhumanitybackfromthebrink.Wedontyetknowhowdeeplyeco-anxietyaffectspeoplebutwecanlearnnottorepeatthemistakesoflong-gonesocietieslosttoenvironmentalcollapse.JaredDiamond/sCollapse:HowSocietiesChoosetoFailorSucceeduncoversthecommondriverthatledtothefallofancientcivilizationssuchastheCentralAmericanMayantheremotePacificEasterIslandandtheMycenae:Peopleaccidentallydestroyedtheenvironmentalresourcesonwhichtheirsocietiesdepended.Todaywearelivinginanewclimateandecologicalage.Thenewnormalisonethathumanshaveneverbeforeexperiencedonearthandthathasoccurredwithinasinglegeneration.Wecantclaimignorance.Numerousscientificreportsshow:unprecedented(空前的)wildfiresintheArcticheatwavesannuallybreakingrecordstheAmazonshrinkinganddryingandspeciesextinctionratesaccelerating.Naturesdangerousdeclineisunprecedented.Soitsnotsurprisingthateco-anxietyisontherise.Anxietyisoftenaprivateemotionalstate:Wefeelalonestuckinsideourownheadsandouremotionsstopusfromdoingthethingswewant.Butangerdirectedappropriatelycanfuelpowerfulcollectiveactionforchange.Weareonapathwaytodestroytheglobalconditionsforhumansurvival.Unlikepreviouscivilizationswehavethescienceandtechnologytounderstandourdangerandchartanewpathway.Thisisamomentforallofustochanneloureco-anxietyfearandangerintoenergyforchange.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes//eco-anxiety//Uncertaintyaboutthefuture.Anxietyaboutmoderncivilization.Worriesaboutthedestructionofnature.Fearofchangesinthelivingstandard.Whyaresomeancientcivilizationsmentionedinparagraph2Topresentthecollapseofancientcivilizations.Toprovetheimportanceofancientcivilizations.Toaddsomebackgroundinformationoneco-anxiety.Towarnpeopletolearnalessonfromthepast.Whyiseco-anxietyontherisePeoplelacktheknowledgeaboutnature.Natureisinitsmostdangerousstateever.Peoplehavelimitedaccesstonaturalresources.Climateissuescantbesolvedeffectively.HowdoestheauthorfeelabouttheglobalconditionsforhumansinthefutureA.Hopeful.B.Doubtful.C.Frustrated.D.Concerned.CDBA。