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Unit4MeetingthemuseUsinglanguage语法精讲•深化学习非谓语动词作表语观察上面对话,并完成卜列句子lTheygotmarriedaftertenyearsoflove.经历了十年的爱情长跑,他们结婚了2Thenewsisinspiring.这个消息太令人振奋了3MywishistofindaPrinceCharminglikehim.我的愿望是我•个像他那样的白马王子力要义详析非谓语动词跟在系动词后面作表语,构成系表结构三种非谓语动词指的是动词不定式分词和动名词它们在句法功能上有个共同的特点,即可以作句中的表语但在表达的意义上却不尽相同动名词和不定式作表语时,或者说明和补充主语的内容,或者是主语所产生的结果,和主语是处在同等的地位分词作表语则相当于一个形容词,表示主语的性质或特征
一、动词不定式作表语1动词不定式放在bebecomesoundtasteseemappear等系动词后面常表示将来的动作或起解释说明的作用其主语常常是wishideataskpurposedutygoalaimway等表示意向、打算、计划的词及what引导的主语从句等*Herwishistobecomeakeycollegestudentaftergraduatingfromhighschool.她的愿望是高中毕业后成为一名名校大学生*Whathewantedtosuggestistocutclownthepriceandincreasethesales.他想建议的是降低价格,增加销售量
(2)动词不定式作表语时也常用来表示预定要发生的动作,或表示未来的可能性或假设*Thestudentsaretomeetattheschoolgatetomorrow.明天学生们将在学校大门口见面;*Herplanistobeafailure.她的计划是注定要失败的
二、动名词作表语动名词作表语通常是对主语进行解释、说明这时主语和表语位置可以互换*Myjobislookingafterthechildren.我的工作是照看这些孩子*Whathatemostisbeinglaughedat.二BeinglaughedatiswhatIhatemost.我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑名师点津
1.不要把作表语用的动名词和现在进行时态混淆动名词说明主语的情况或性质,其内容在逻辑上等于主语的内容;现在分词说明动作是由主语完成的(即表示主语正在进行的动作)例如*Hisjobiscleaningtheclassroom.(动名词短语作表语)他的工作就是打扫教室*Heiscleaningtheclassroom.(谓语,现在进行时)他正在打扫教室
2.动名词(短语)和不定式(短语)都能用作主语或表语,两者的区别是表示比较抽象、一般的行为,不跟特定的动作执行者联系在一起时,多用动名词(短语);表示具体某次行为、特别是将来的行为,往往跟特定的动作执行者联系在一起时;多用不定式但在很多情况下,两者差别不太大,可以互用试比较:*Ourjobisbuildinghouses.我们的工作是盖房子(经常性的一般行为)*0urmaintasknowistobuildthishouse.我们现在的主要任务是盖这间房子(特定的具体某次行为)
三、分词作表语.现在分词作表语,总是跟在系动词之后,构成复合谓语现在分词作表语,表示主语所具有的特征许多作表语的现在分词几乎已经形容词化,可以用副词修饰,也可以有比较级形式这类常见的现在分词有amazingamusingannoyingastonishingboringcharming等*Thedevelopmentofouraviationindustryisquiteencouraging.我们的航空工业的发展是非常令人鼓舞的♦Teenagersaddictiontomobilephonesisworrying.青少年对手机上瘾让人很担忧.过去分词作表语,表示主语所处的状态作表语的过去分词也已经形容词化,可以被副词修饰,有比较级、最高级形式,如accustomedamazedamusedastonishedboredbrokencloseddecideddelighteddevoted等例如Intheworldmanythingsarecomplicated.世界上的很多事情是复杂的Theriverhasswollenwiththemeltedsnow.雪融河涨Einsteinstheoryofrelativityisknownal1overthewor1d.爱因斯坦的相对论举世闻名
3.现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别*Weareboredwiththeboringspeech.我们对这个无聊的演讲感到非常厌烦即学活用
(1)语法填空©Weallbelievethatifabookisinterestinginlereslitwillsurelyinterestthereaders.
②Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremainseatedseatastheplanewasmakingalanding.
③Yousoundverymuchinterestedinterestinthejobwhichmakesmeexcited.®Itissaidthatlisteningtomusicmakesapersonfeelrelaxedrelaxwhenheistired.
⑤Thestorywasmoving.Wewereal1deeplymovedbythestorymove2Thecityissurroundedonthreesidesbymountains.这座城市三面环山3Hiscolleaguesweresurprisedathisabsurdbehaviour.他的同事们对他那荒诞的行为感到吃惊o语法主题应用o使用本单元所学语法知识完成下列短文Tomshobbywas1smokingsmoke.Helikesreadingnewspapersbecauseitwas2interestinginterest.Hefelt3astonishedastonishwhenhereadanewspaperaboutlungcancer.Whathewantedtodowas4togivegiveupsmokingatonce.Butsometimesheremained5puzzledpuzz1eifheshouldcontinueorgiveup.Sohegot6changedchangeandwenttoahospitaltofindadoctorforhelpwhoshowedhimsome7frighteningfrightenpicturesoflungwhosmokedheavily.Sohewas8determineddeterminetostopsmokingandfo11owedthedoctor*sadvice.Nowhispart-timejobis9toeducateeducatepeopleabouthealthandhefindstheworkisvery10rewardingreward.主题活动-话题实践I.话题词汇artexhibitions艺术展ondisplay/onshow/onexhibition在展览,在展出beknownfor/beknownas因为而出名,作为而出名gettheideafrombewellworthseeingmakeadeepimpressiononsb.high-skilledartistsourceofinspirationprotestwarsandpromotepeaceIL话题情境根据情境和提示完成对话WhatdidyoudothisSundayIvisitedan
①artexhibition(画展)beingheldinartgallery.WhatdoyouthinkofitManyartworksare
②ondisplay/onshow/onexhibition(在展出),includingsomeworkscreatedbyfamousartistssuchasZhangDaqianQiBaishiandXuBeihong.WhichworksimpressedyoumostXuBeihongsHorse
③madeadeepimpressiononme(给我留下j深刻的印象).1nfacIalltheworks
④arewellworthseeing(很值得看).HowlongwilltheexhibitionlastItssaidthattheexhibitionwillcloseattheendofthismonth.OKIwillgoandappreciatethe
⑤awe-inspiringworks(令人敬畏的作品)nextSunday.Mayyouhaveagoodtimethen.I.情境句式WhatdoyouthinkofthepaintingcreatedbyPabloPicasso/HowareyoufindingthepaintingcreatedbyPabloPicasso你认为毕加索的这幅画怎么样?Itmeasures5motorsby3meters.它的尺寸是5米*3米Inthecentreofthepaintingwecanseea1ifelikedove.在这幅画的中央,我们可以看到一只栩栩如生的鸽子Herfairskincreatesastrongcontrastwithherblackhair.她白皙的皮肤和她黑色的头发形成了鲜明的对比Ipersonallythink/AsfarasPmconcernedthispaintingshowsthesimplicityofherstyle.我个人认为这幅画表现了她的朴实风格Heisconsideredasthegreatestwesternartistofthetwentiethcentury.他被认为是20世纪最伟大的西方艺术家Cubistartistspaintedobjectsandpeoplewithdifferentaspectsoftheobjectorpersonshowingatthesametime.在描绘物体或人的时候,立体派画家会同时展现对象的多个不同侧面n.情境交流美术课上孩子们都在谈论着自己最喜爱的画家和他们的作品WhoisyourfavoriteartistPabloPicassoofcourselieisconsideredas
1.thegreatestwesternartist(最伟大的西方艺术家)ofthetwentiethcentury.WhatisfeatureofhispaintingsAsacubistartisthepaintedobjectsandpeople
2.withdifferentaspectsoftheobjectorpersonshowingatthesametime(同时展现对象的多个不同恻面).ForexampleYoungGirlsAvignon.WhichofhispaintingimpressedyoumostDoveofPeace.
3.Inthecentreofthepainting(在这幅画的中央)wecanseea1ifelikedove.Ipersonallythink
4.thispaintingshows(这幅画显示出)hisdesireforpeace.A:Icantagreewithyoumore.现在分词主语通常是物,表示“(某物)令人……的”过去分词主语通常是人,表示“(人)对……感到……”。