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学位英语阅读理解应试策略
一、分析文章的结构规律通常来说,我们阅读文章的目的是为了获取信息文章体裁不一致,其结构特点就会各异因此,我们获取信息的最有效方法之一就是去学习与熟悉文章的结构,以便更加准确、快速地定位我们要找的信息大学英语四级考试中的阅读懂得文章的体裁要紧有三类叙述文、说明文与议论文
1、叙述文叙述文通常以讲述个人生活经历为主,关于经历的陈述通常由一定的时间概念贯穿其中,或者顺序或者倒序但是四级考试中通常不出现单纯的叙述文,由于单纯的叙述文比较简单、易懂因此三级考试中的叙述文大多是夹叙夹议的文章这类文章的基本结构模式是1)用一段概括性的话引入要叙述的经历(话题)2)叙述先前的经历(举例1)及其感悟或者发现3)叙述接下来的经历(举例2)及其感悟或者发现4)做出总结或者结论
2、说明文(描述文)说明文的通常结构模式与叙述文的结构模式有相通之处即提出问题(或者以•个事例引出问题)-(专家)发现直接原因——分析深层原因——得出结论或者找到出路明白了类似的文章结构特点,就能够据此来进行考题预测比如,我们看出了该篇文章属于这种结构类型,就能推断出几个问题中确信有一个要问原因,还有可能要出现推断题°
3、议论文我们大家最容易辨认出来的议论文模式是主张一-反主张模式在这一模式中,作者首先提出一种普遍认可的观点或者某些人认可的主张或者观点,然后进行澄清,说明自己的主张或者观点,或者者说提出反主张或者真实情况议论文的这种结构特点决定了它的要紧题型是作者观点态度题,文章主旨题与推理推断题只要发现了这种结构特点,解答问题的要紧任务就变成了到段落内找答案,基本上不存在任何困难通过研究以上的文章结构特点,我们不难发现,在三级考试阅读懂得中不管任何体裁的文章都遵循着这样一个共同的模式提出话题(观点或者事例)一一用事例分析原因(或者批驳观点)得出结论对文章结构特点的把握有助于读者更加自觉地关注文章的开始与结尾,分清观点与事例,从而在四级考试的阅读懂得中准确定位,快速答题
二、巧妙绕开生词我们这里所说的巧妙绕开生词的方法与上面分析文章结构特点的思路是统一的,也就是说,只要我们从总体上.把握/文章,不用认识每一个单词也能照样懂得整篇文章
1、英语文章中不是所有的词的功能都是同等的,有些词担负着传达要紧信息的功能,而有些词要紧起语法作用或者者它所传达的信息与下文的其他信息没有联系这类词有表示人名,地名,机构名等专有名词遇到这些词,只要我们能辨认出它是专有名词,就能懂得文章而不必明白它的意思比如在下面的句子中Infact*saysDavidDingesasleepspecialistattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaSchoolofMedicine“theresevenaprohibitionagainstadmittingweneedsleep.”两个引号之间的部分就不必去管它类似的还有Wehavetototallychangeouraltitudetowardnapping“saysDr.WilliamDementofStanfordUniversitythegodfatherofsleepresearch.
2、我们不用弄清上面某些部分的原因是,它们的后面往往有一个同位语来解释说明它们的意思这几种:WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNotmentionedinthepassage九Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsistrue九AccordingtothepassageallofthefollowingarctrueexceptXItisstatedinthepassage…九Fromthepassagewcknowthat***1Howwouldyoudescribetheendof…九What*sthemajorproblem…入HowmanyXWhat…?入Why…?入
2.2做题方法解这类题时,审题是关键,首先一定得看清问题比如一句结论性的话后边到底是…istrue还是isnottrue.在准确懂得了题干意思之后,根据题干意思迅速的再在文章中找到与题干意思有美的段落勺句子并进行定位,这些段落与句子就是正确选项的分布区域那么只要认真阅读这些定位的段落与句子,就能准确的选择好选项另外,由于细节题比较容易,有的时候为了增加测试难度,命题人员在题干或者选项中要增加一些文字或者意义上的干扰因此考生很少能在原文中找到一模一样的现成答案,命题人员一帮要讲文章中的句子进行一定的变化,通常用的方法是词义转化,正话反说,反话正说等等技巧考生只要掌握命题技巧并训练好定位技巧,再加上认真阅读,就•定能将细节题•网打尽
2.3例题Bassage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Whenwetalkaboutintelligencewedonotmeantheabilitytogetgoodscoresoncertainkindsoftestsoreventheabi1itytodowcl1inschool.Byintelligencewemeanawayoflivingandbehavingespeciallyinaneworupsettingsituation.Ifwewanttotestintelligenceweneedtofindouthowapersonactsinsteadofhowmuchheknowswhattodo.76Forinstance琳heninanewsituationanintelligentpersonthinksaboutthesituationnotabouthimselforwhatmighthappentohim.Hetriestofindoutal1hecan.Andthenheactsimmediatelyandtriestodosomethingaboutit.Heprobablyisntsurehowitwillallworkoutbutatleasthetries.Andifhecantmakethingsworkoutrighthedoesn*tfeelashamedthathefailed;hejusttriestolearnfromhismistakes.Anintelligentpersonevenifheisveryyounghasaspecialoutlookonlifeaspecialfeelingaboutlifeandknowshowhefitsintoit.Ifyoulookatchildrenyou11seegreatdifferencebetweenwhatwecall“bright“childrenand“not-bright“children.Theyareactuallytwodifferentkindsofpeoplenotjustthesamekindwithdifferentamountofintelligence.Forexamplethebrightchildreallywantstofindoutaboutlife—hetriestogetintouchwitheverythingaroundhim.77BuithunintelIigenlchildkeepsmoreIhimselfandhisowndream-world;heseemslohavea琳allbclweenhimandlifeingeneral.译文我们所谓的智商intelligence并不是指能够在某种测试中获得高分或者在学校成绩优秀而是指一种牛•活或者行为的方式,特别是当处在一种全新或者混乱upsetting的情形下时要想测试一个人的智商,就务必看他的行为而不是看他懂多少比如,在面对新情况时,智商高的会考虑当前形势而不是只考虑自己或者自己将会到什么他会尽其所能并立即immediately采取行动试图有所作为他自己可能并不明白能有多大作用,但至少他尝试了同时,假如没有能够立即解决问题,他也不可能为自己的失败而感到气馁,只是尝试着从错误中吸取教训一个智商高的人,即使非常年轻,也会对生活有特殊的看法outlookon、特殊的感受,同时明白如何去习惯生活孩子们中也存在着所谓“聪明”与“不聪明的区别事实上他们是两种不一致的人,但智商却千万别比如,聪明的孩子非常想从生活中去发现,他会试图接触周围的一切然而,智商低的孩子则更多地独处并局限于他想象中的世界,他好象与生活隔了一面墙一样Accordingtothispassageintel1igenceis.theabilitytostudywellTheabilitytodowellinschoolTheabilitytodealwithlifetheabilitytogethighscoresonsometests【解析】C题干说Accordingtothispassageintelligenceis.即根据文章,智力是的是.文章首段的首句告诉我们“我们所谓的智商intelligence并不是指能够在某种测试中获得高分或者在学校成绩优秀”紧接着第二句就写到:Byintelligencewemeanawayoflivingandbehavingespeciallyinaneworupsettingsituation.那么考生只要找到了这一句,并懂得其含义即intel1igence指的是应对生活的能力,特别是在新的环境或者是逆境下那么我们看一下选项A.学习好的能力;B.在学校表现好的能力;D.考试的高分的能力只有C.意思是应对生活的能力那么显而易见答案应该是C因此,细节题只要定位准确并正确懂得,通常不可能做错词汇题题型特点词汇题是询问文章中出现的某个词、某个词组甚至某个句子含义的题型其中所询问的词、词组或者句子往往不为考生所熟悉,但又能在文中找到线索进行推测,因此这类考题是检查考生姥否具备根据一个词、词组或者句子所处的特定环境来推断其意义的能力要紧有三种类型其一,测试考生在阅读中懂得单词与词组意义的能力其二,检验考生根据上下文推断词义的能力其三,要求考生指出原文中某个代词名词或者短语的指代对象这类题常见的提问方式有下列几种Theword”•••”inline5refersto…..入Theword…”Line
6.para.2mostprobablymeans.XWhentheauthorsaysthatheistryingtoXBy…theauthormeans.XTheword…couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing九whichofthefollowingisnearestinmeaningto…”XInpara.2thesentence”probablymeansX
3.2做题技巧解答这类试题时,考生应按照题中所指示的位置找到原句,认真阅读原句,懂得其含义同时,考生应明白,任何词或者词语都不是孤立的,它或者它们所在的卜.下文往往能提供重要的线索某个定义、解释、甚至标点符号、关联词都能够帮助考生推测一些词或者词语的意义,除此之外,我们还务必注意所测试的词或者词语与其前后一些词形成的同义、反义、并列与指代等关系3例题01年Passage3IsteachingimportantWellofcourseitis.Therewasatimewhenthenecessaryknowledgecouldbetaughttotheyoungbyfamilymembers.Butassocietiesbecamemorecomplexanddivisionoflabormorecommonitwasimpossibleforfamilymemberstoteachtheinformationandskillsyoungpeopleneededtobecomeusefulmembersofthesociety.Astheneedforspecialistsappearedthejobofteachingcameintobeinginourcountyandteachingasajobhasbeenofincreasingimportanceoverthepasthundredyears.Todaywehavestrictrulesforteachers.Wehopeallchildrencanattendschools.Manythingstellusthatteachingisindeedan“important*job.Inrecentyearstherehasbeenanincreasingneedforteacherstoberesponsible.Thismeansthatthepublicexpectsteacherstosucceedinteachingimportantinformationtotheyoung.Teacherssalariestodaywhilenotmuchcertainlyaremuchhigherthantheywereinpastyear.Theseincreaseshavecomeaboutbecausepeoplehaverealizedthatwithoutenoughsalariespeoplewhohaveabilitieswillnotbecometeachers.Todayalmostnoonesaysthatanybodywilldofbrateacher.Thepublicexpectsqualitypeopletoteachtheyoungandprogressisbeingmadetogivesalariesthatwillmakepeoplewhohaveabilitiesbecometeachers.【译文】教学重要吗?当然很重要!过去曾有一段时间,年轻人务必的知识是由家庭成员来教授的但是随着社会变得越来越复杂,社会分工越来普遍,由家庭成员来教授年轻人需要的信息与技术,使其成为•个有用的社会成员,这是不可能的.随着关于专家的需要,教学这个工作出现在我们的国家,同时在过去的一百年里变得越来越重要今天,我们关于教师有着严格的制度我们希望所有的孩f都能上学许多情况告诉我们教学确实是一种“重要的”工作最近几年,我们越来越需要“负责任的”教师这就意味着公众希望教师能够成功地给年轻人教授重要的知识今天的教师工资尽管不高,但是比过去要高出很多了教师工资的增加是由于人们已经认识到没有足够高的薪水,那些有能力的人就不愿意做教师今天几乎没有人会说“任何人”都会成为教师公众期望“合格的教师”来教授学生,提高薪水会使得有能力的人成为教师
14.“Anybodywi11do*forateachermeansthat.almostallpeoplewanttobecomeateacherateacherissohighlyrespectedthatpeopleallwanttohelphimateacherwilldowhateverhecanforhisstudentsthejobofteachingissoeasythateverybodycandoit【解析】D题干说*Anybodywilldoforateachermeansthat.人人都会作”这句话关于教师意味着.A.几乎所有人都想成为教师;B.教师非常受人尊重人人都愿意帮助他们;C.教师为了学生会倾尽所能;D.教师职业非常容易人人都能做我们从题干出发,找到原文出处Theseincreaseshavecomeaboutbecausepeoplehaverealizedthatwithoutenoughsalariespeoplewhohaveabilitieswillnotbecometeachers.Todayalmostnoonesaysihalanybodywilldo*forateacher.Thepublicexpectsqualitypeopletoteachtheyoung即教师工资的增加是由于人们已经认识到没有足够高的薪水,那些有能力的人就不愿意做教师今天几乎没有人会说“任何人”都会成为教师公众期望“合格的教师”来教授学生…由此我们推论“人人都会作”意味着做教师很容易,因此之前也许会有很多人这么说,而如今对教师的要求高了,因此就没有人这么说了因此答案选D
4、推理题
4.1题型特点推理题是从字里行间体会作者的意图要体会作者没有宜接表达的意思,需要从作者已经表达出的观点,事实与事例出发推断出作者想说而未直接说出的东西这要求考生不仅要懂得字面的意义,还要根据所读材料进行•定的推断与推理推理题大多含有inferimply.suggest.concludemostprobably等关犍词下列是一些常见的提问方式Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.九Thepassageimp]iesthat.XThepassagesuggeststhat.九Whatisimpliedinthepassage人Theparagraphfollowingproceedingthispassageprobablywilldiscussdiscusses.入Theauthorimpliesthat.九Wecanbeinferredfromthepassage入WhichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedbutNOTstated2做题技巧推理性试题不能从文章中直接找到答案解这类题需要考生在正确懂得原文语言字面意义的基础上,运用逻辑推理的方法去懂得文章字里行间的意义对原文中找到的所有有关信息要进行认真分析,摸清它们相互之间时间、方位、因果、对比等逻辑关系,在此基础上进行综合推理,选定答案考生在考生时切忌主观臆断,根据自己的想象来推理而不是在文章的基础I二进行推理3例题Inancienttimesthemostimportantexaminationswerespokennotwrilien.TntheschoolsofancientGreeceandRometestingusuallyconsistedofsayingpoetryaloudorgivingspeeches.IntheEuropeanuniversitiesofthemiddleAgesstudentswhowereworkingforadvanceddegreeshadtodiscussquestionsintheirfieldofstudywithpeoplewhohadmadeaspecialstudyofthesubject.Thiscustomexiststodayaspartoftheprocessoftestingcandidatesforthedoctor*sdegree.Generallyhowevermodernexaminationsarewritten.Thewrittenexaminationwhereallstudentsaretestedonthesamequestionwasprobablynotknownuntilihenineteenthcentury.Perhapsitcameintoexistencewiththegreatincreaseinpopulationandthedevelopmentofmodernindustry.Aroomfullofcandidatesforastateexaminationtimedexactlybyelectricclocksandcarefullywatchedoverbymanagersresemblesagroupofworkersatanautomobilefactory.Generallyduringexaminationsteachersandstudentsareexpectedtoactlikemachines.Onetypeoftestissometimescalledanobjectivetest.Itisintendedtodealwithfactsnotpersonalopinions.Tomakeupanobjectivetesttheteacherwritesaseriesofquestionseachofwhichhasonlyonecorrectanswer.Alongwitheachquestionihctcachcrwritesihccorrectanswerandalsothreestatementsthatlooklikeconectanswerstostudentswhohavenotleaniedthematerialproperly.【译文】占代ancient最重要的考试examination是口试而不是笔试占希腊与占罗马时期,学校的考试由吟诗poetry与演讲两部分构成中世纪欧洲的大学里,那些攻读高学位的学生务必在与他哪个领域里有很大研究成果的学者进行讨论这一传统现在保持卜.来,用于申请博士学位的学生整体上来讲,现在的考试是笔试所有的学生都做相同的题目的笔试大概到卜九世纪才出现它的出现cameintoexistence可能是由于人口population的大量增K与现代工业的进展所有的考生都在一个房间,规定的时间,有监考老师,就像汽车制造厂的工人一样大体上讲,学生就像机器一样一种类型的考试叫做“客观性”考试,它要紧是关于事实而不是个人看法,要出一份客观性考试的试题,老师写出一系列的问题,没有问题只花一个正确答案,随时每个问题布.四个选项,其中只有一个是正确的,而另外三个对那些没有好好准备的考生来说具有很大迷惑性Itmaybeconcludedthattesting.A.shouldtestonlyopinionsB.shouldalwaysbewrittenC.haschangedsincethemiddleAgesD.isgivenonlyinfactories【解析】C题干说我们能够得出结论说测试.A.只测试个人观点B只能是笔试;C.从中世纪以来已经发生了很大变化;D.只有在工厂里才进行根据整篇文章,有起初的中世纪的口试,到现代工业化之后的笔试的出现,我能够推断出,考试从中世纪以来已经发生了很大的变化因此答案选C
5、态度题
5.1题型特点作者的语气态度往往不可能直接写在文章里,只能通过细读文章,从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来这种题型常见的提问形式有Theauthorseems.九Theauthorstoneinthispassageis.九Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis.XTheauthorsintentioninwritingthepassageisto.九Thewriterprobab1yfeelsthat.XIntheauthorsopinion.九这类考题中询问语气态度的题,选择项里常出现下列一些重要的词sympathetic同情的,enthusiastic热情的delighted愉快的satisfied满意的friendly友好的agreeing赞同的optimistic乐观的objective客观的matter-of-fact实事求是的,neutral中立的subjective主观的,indifferent冷淡的critical批判的doubtful怀疑的disappointed失望的,sad悲伤的hostile敌对的disagreeing反对的pessimistic悲观的询问写作目的的题,选择项里常出现的词是explain解释:persuade劝说:comment评论;criticize批判;interest引起的注意或者兴趣;entertain使欢乐;argue辩论:demonstrate举例说明示范tell讲述;prove证明;urge兴奋;advise劝说;analyze分析;praise赞扬,view看待等等
5.2做题技巧考生在做态度类题目时,能够遵循下面的技巧
1.精确懂得四个选项词语的含义,态度题往往要求考生能够将四个选项精确懂得,只有这样才能分辨出选项之间的区别但是,假如四个选项里有一个不认识,只要能认识其余三个,使用排除法也能做对题目
2.不要搀杂自己的观点.考生一定要记住,态度题考的是作者的态度而不是考生的态度,因此考生千万不要将自己的观点生硬的搀杂进去
3.能够寻找文中•些具有感情色彩的词,通过与这些词进行比较,就能够基本推断作者的态度与倾向3例题解析Passage3Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Howcanwegetridofgarbage(垃圾)?DowehaveenoughenergysourcestomeetourfutureenergyneedsThesearetwoimportantquestionsthatmanypeopleareaskingtoday.Somepeoplethinkthatmanmightbeabletosolvebothproblemsatthesametime.Theysuggestusinggarbageasanenergysourceandatthetimeitcansavethelandtoholdgarbage.Foralongtimepeopleburiedgarbageordumped(倾倒)itonemptyland.Nowemptylandisscarce.Butmoreandmoregarbageisproducedeachyear.Howevergarbagecanbeagoodfueltouse.Thethingsingarbagedonotlooklikecoalpetroleumornaturalgas;buttheyarechemicallysimilartothesefossi1(化石)fuels.Asweuseupourfossil-fuelsupplieswemightbeabletousegarbageasanenergysource.Burninggarbageisnotanewidea.SomecitiesinEuropeand(heUnitedSlateshavebeenbuciinggarba火foryears.Theheatthatisproducedbyburninggarbageisusedtoboi1water.Thesteamihatisproducedisusedtomakeelectricityorloheatnearbybuildings.InParisFrancesomepowerplantsburnalmost2millionmetrictonsofthecity*sgarbageeachyear.Theamountofenergyproducedisaboutthesameaswou1clbeproducedbyburningalmostahalfmillionbarrelsofoil.Ourfossilfuelsuppliesarelimited.Burninggarbagemighlbeonekindofenergysourcethatwecanuselohelpmcclourenergyneeds.ITiismethodcouldalsoreducetheamountifgarbagepilingupontheearth.【译文】我们怎么才能处理垃圾呢?我们有足够的能源来满足未来的能源需求吗?这是现在许多人都在问的两个重要问题有些人以为两个问题能够同时解决,他们建议把坨圾作为•种能源,同时也能够解决由于垃圾占大量的土地而造成的土地紧张长期以来,人们都是埋掉(bury)垃圾或者者倾倒到空地上现在空地越来越少(scare)了,而每年制造的垃圾却越来越多了但是垃圾也是一种很好的燃料(fuel)尽管垃圾的构成跟煤、石油(petroleum)或者者天然气不一样,但是从化学成分来讲,他与化石燃料是相似的因此,当我们的化石燃料被用完时.,我们或者许能够把垃圾当作一种能量来源(source)o燃烧垃圾并非是新办法,欧洲与美国的许多的城市.多年来一直都在这样做燃烧垃圾产生的热量用来加热水,产生的蒸汽(steam)能够用来发电供暖法国巴黎的•些发电厂每年燃烧大约200百万吨的垃圾,所产生的能量大约与燃烧50万桶(barrels)石油所产生的能量是一样的我们的化石燃料供给是有限的(limited)燃烧垃圾作为一种能量来源或者许能够缓解我们对能源的需求这种办法也能够减少堆积(pilingup)在地球上的垃圾WhatistheauthorsattitudeA.DelightedB.SadC.AgreeingD.Disagreeing【解析】A题干说Whatistheauthor*sattitude作者的态度是什么A.高兴得;B.伤心得;C.同意的;D.不一致意的文章最后一段,Burninggarbagemightbeonekindofenergysourcethatwecanusetohelpmeetourenergyneeds.Thismethodcouldalsoreducetheamountifgarbagepilingupontheearth.燃烧垃圾作为一种能量或者许能够缓解我们对能源的需求这种办法也能够减少堆积pilingup在地球上的垃圾即认为燃烧垃圾能够解决土地紧张与能源短缺的现象,作者持一种高兴与欣喜地心态因此答案选CPassage1Peopletravelforalotofreasons.Sometouristsgotoseebattlefieldsorreligiousshrines.Othersarelookingforcultureorsimplywanttohavetheirpicturetakeninfrontoffamousplaces.ButmostEuropeantouristsarelookingforasunnybeachtolieon.NorthernEuropeanarewillingtopayalotofmoneyandputupwithalotifinconveniencesforthesunbecausetheyhavesolittleofit.ResidentsofcitieslikeLondonCopenhagenandAmsterdamspendalotoftheirwinterinthedarkbecausethedaysaresoshortandmuchoftherestoftheyearintherain.ThisisthereasontheMediterraneanhasalwaysattractedthem.Everysummermorethan25millionpeopletraveltoMediterraneanresortandbeachesfortheirvacation.Theyallcomeforthesamereason:sun!ThehugecrowdsmeanlotsofmoneyfortheeconomiesofMediterraneancountries.Italyfs30000hotelsarebookedsolideverysummer.And13millionpeoplecampoutonFrenchbeachesparksandroadsides.Spain/slongsandycoastlineattractsmorepeoplethananywhereelse.37milliontouristsvisityearlyoronetouristforeverypersonlivinginSpain.Buttherearesignsthattheareaisgettingmoretourismthanitcanhandle.TheMediterraneanisalreadyoneofthemostpollutedseasonearth.Andwithincreasedtourismifsgettingworse.TheFrenchcantfigureoutwhattodowithallthegarbageleftbycampersaroundSt.Tropez.Andinmanyplacesswimmingisdangerousbecauseofpollution.Noneofthishoweverisspoilinganyonesfun.TheMediterraneangetsmorepopulareveryyearwithtourists.Obviouslytheydontgothereforcleanwaterandsolitude.Theytoleratetrafficjamsandseemtolikecrowdedbeaches.Theydontevenmindthepollution.Nomatterhowdirtythewateristhecoastlinestilllooksbeautiful.Andaslongasthesunshinesit/sstillbetterthansittinginthecoldraininBerlinLondonorOslo.ThewriterseemstoimplythatEuropeanstravelmostlyforthereasonthat.theywanttoseehistoricremainsorreligiousspotstheyareinterestedindifferentculturaltraditionsandsocialcustomstheywouldliketotakepicturesinfrontoffamoussitestheywishtoescapefromthecolddarkandrainydaysbackathome.Inparagraph2citieslikeLondonCopenhagenandAmsterdamarementioned.toshowthattheyarenotgoodcitiesintermsofgeographyandclimatetotellushowwealthytheirresidentsaretosuggestthatthesecitieslackplacesofhistoricinterestandscenicbeautytoprovethattheyhavegotmoretourismthantheyhandleAccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingcountriesattractsmoretouriststhantheothersA.ItalyB.SpainC.GreeceD.FranceThelatterhalfofthelastsentenceinparagraph3“oronetouristforeverypersonlivinginSpainMmeans.allthe37millionpeoplelivinginSpainaretouristeveryyearalmostasmanytouristsvisitSpainastherearepeoplelivinginthatcountryeverypersonlivinginSpainhastotakecareofatouristeverySpanishisvisitedbyatouristeveryyearAccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingfactorsmightspoilthetouristsfunatMediterraneanresortsandbeachesA.Pollutedwater.B.Crowdedbuses.C.Trafficjams.D.Rainyweather.Passage2Inthelast500yearsnothingaboutpeople-nottheirclothesideasorlanguages-haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.TheoriginalchocolatedrinkwasmadefromtheseedsofthecocoatreebySouthAmericanIndians.TheSpanishintroducedittotherestoftherestoftheworldduringthe1500s.Andalthoughitwasveryexpensiveitquicklybecamefashionable.InLondonshopswherechocolatedrinkswereweavedbecameimportantmeetingplaces.Somestillexisttoday.ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorld.Around1600theSpanishbroughtitfromPerutoEuropewhereitsoonwaswidelygrown.IrelandbecamesodependentonitthatthousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedwhenthecropfailedduringthe“PotatoFamine”of1845-6andthousandsmorewereforcedtoemigratetoAmerica.TherearemanyotherfoodsthathavetraveledfromSouthAmericatotheOldWorld.Butsomeotherswentintheoppositedirection.BrazilisnowtheWorldslargestgrowerofcoffeeandcoffeeisanimportantcropinColombiaandotherSouthAmericancountries.ButitisnativetoEthiopia.ItwasfirstmadeintoadinkbyArabsduringthe1400AccordingtoanArabiclegendcoffeewasdiscoveredwhenagoatherdnameKaldinoticedthathisgoatswereattractedtotheredberriesonacoffeebush.Hetriedonandexperiencedthe“wideawakewfeelingthatone-thirdoftheworld/spopulationnowstartsthedaywith.Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowinghaschangedthemostinthelast500yearsA.Food.B.Chocolate.C.Potato.D.Coffee.SomeinSomestillexisttoday^means.A.somecocoatressB.somechocolatedrinksC.someshopsD.someSouthAmericanIndiansThousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedduringthe“PotatoFaminebecause.theyweresodependentonthepotatothattheyrefusedtoeatanythingelsetheywereforcedtoemigratetoAmericatheweatherconditionsinIrelandwerenotsuitableforgrowingthepotatothepotatoharvestwasbadCoffeeoriginallycamefrom.A.BrazilB.ColombiaC.EthiopiaD.ArabiaTheArabiclegendisusedtoprovethat.coffeewasfirstdiscoveredbyKaldicoffeewasfirstdiscoveredbyKaldisgoatscoffeewasfirstdiscoveredinSouthAmericancountriescoffeedrinkswerefirstmadebyArabsPassage3concerningmoneyoranythingelseconflictsbetweenhusbandandwifeusuallyreflectapowerstruggle.Conflictsbetweenparentandchildoftencenteraroundthesameissue.Aschildrenenteradolescencetheybegintodemandgreaterfreedomtogowheretheypleasedowhattheypleaseandmakedecisionswithoutparietalinterferenee.ManyAmericanparentsdonotknowhowtodealwiththeirteenagersandseekadvicefrombookslecturesandparenttrainingcourses.Parentswanttomaintainafriendlyrelationshipwiththeirteenagersandalsowanttoguidethemsothattheirbehaviorwillbewhatevertheparentsconsiderproperandconstructive.Butinasocietyofrapidlychangingsocialandmoralvaluesparentsandchildrenoftendisagreeaboutwhatisimportantandwhatisright.Argumentsmayconcernsuchunimportantmattersasstylesofdressorhairdos.Butquarrelsmayalsoconcernschoolworkafterschooljobsdecisionsuseofthefamilycardatingandsexbehavior.Somefamilieshaveseriousproblemswithteenagerswhodropoutofschoolrunawayfromhomeoruseillegaldrugs.Becausesomuchpublicityisgiventotheproblemteenageronegetstheimpressionthatallteenagersaretroublemakers.Actuallyrelativelyfewadolescentsdoanythingwrongandnearlyallgrowupinto“solidcitizens”whofulfillmostoftheirparentsexpectations.Infactrecentstudiesshowthatthe“generationgapMisnarrowing.Thevastmajorityofteenagerssharemostoftheirparents/valuesandideas.Manyparentssaythattheygetalongwiththeiradolescentsquitewell.Accordingtothewriterconflictsbetweenhusbandandwifeusuallyreflect.feelingofhatredpowerstrugglethattheydon/tcareforeachotherthattheymayappealtodivorceAschildrenenteradolescentstheybegintodothefollowingEXCEPT.demandinggreaterfreedomgowherevertheypleasemakingdecisionswithoutparentalinterferencegettingmarriedwhenevertheypleasedoingwhattheyplease^generationgapisnarrowingzmeans.theadolescentsnowbecometimidparentscometogetalongwiththeirchildrenthevastmajorityofteenagerssharemostoftheirparents*valuesandideasparentsandteenagerdontliketoquarrelParentsandchildrenoftendisagreeaboutwhatisimportantorrightbecause.theyhavedifferentstylesoflifetheyhateeachotherparentsthinkthattheirchildrenaretroublemakerstheyareinasocietyofrapidlychangingsocialandmoralvaluesWhenmanyAmericanparentsdontknowhowtodealwiththeirchildrentheyseekadvicefromthefollowingexcept.neighborsparent-trainingcoursesbookslecturesTVShowsandLongBusTripsLongbusridesareliketelevisionsshows.Theyhaveabeginningamiddleandanend-withcommercialsthrownineverythreeorfourminutes.Thecommercialsareunavoidable.Theyhappenwhetheryouwantthemornot.Everycoupleofminutesabillboardglidesbyoutsidethebuswindow.MBuySuperCleanToothpaste.DrinkGoodnWetRootBeer.w/FillupwithPacificGas.wOnlyifyousleepwhichisequaltoturningthetelevisionsetoffareyousparedtheunendingcryofzYouNeedItIBuyItNow!Thebeginningoftherideiscomfortableandsomewhatexcitingevenifyouvetraveledthatwaybefore.Usuallysomethingshavechanged-newhousesnewbuildingssometimesevenanewroad.Thebusdriverhasastyleofdrivinganditsfuntotrytofigureitoutthefirsthourorso.Ifthedriverisparticularlyrecklessordaringtheridecanbeasthrillingasasuspensestory.WillthedriverpassthetruckintimeWillthedrivermoveintotherightortheleft-handlaneAfterawhileofcoursetheexcitementdiesdown.Sleepingforawhilehelpspassthemiddlehoursoftheride.Foodalwaysmakesbusridesmoreinteresting.Butyouvegottobecarefulofwhatkindoffoodyoueat.Toomuchsaltyfoodcanmakeyouverythirstybetweenstops.Theendoftherideissomewhatlikethebeginning.Youknowitwillsoonbeoverandtheresakindofexpectationandexcitementinthat.Theseatofcourse.hasbecomeharderasthehourshavepassed.Bynowyouvesatwithyourlegscrossed.withyourhandsinyourlap.withyourhandsonthearmrests-evenwithyourhandscrossedbehindyourhead.Theendcomesjustatnomorewaystosit.
1.AccordingtothepassagewhatdothepassengersusuallyseewhentheyareonalongbustripBusesontheroad.Filmsontelevision.Advertisementsontheboard.Gasstations.WhatisthepurposeofthispassageTogivethewritersopinionaboutlongbustrips.Topersuadeyoutotakealongbustrip.Toexplainhowbustripsandtelevisionshowsdiffer.Todescribethebillboardsalongtheroad.thewriterofthispassagewouldprobablyfavorbusdriverswhoweren/trecklessdrivingalone.atelevisionsetonthebus.nobillboardsalongtheroad.ThewriterfeelslongbusridesarelikeTVshowsbecausethecommercialsbothonTVshowsandonbillboardsalongtheroadarefun.theybothhaveabeginningamiddleandanend.withcommercialsinbetween.thedriversarealwaysrecklessonTVshowsjustastheyareonbuses.bothtravelingandwatchingTVarenotexciting.ThewriterthinksthattheendoftherideissomewhatlikethebeginningbecausebothareAexciting.comfortable.tiring.DboringKEY CADBA就引起了我们不用弄懂所有单词意思的第二个理由也就是说假如我们对文章中的某一个单词不熟悉,我们还能够根据统•篇文章中的其他信息来帮助推断这类信息有同位语、下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下义词与标点符号如破折号、冒号都表示解释与说明等
三、抓住句子的主干我们要实现快速准确懂得文章除了要抓住关键句子外,还要抓住句子当中的关键成分要紧是句子的主干,如主语、谓语与宾语,由于它们是传达信息的要紧载体,其他成分,不论它有多么长,多么复杂它都是辅助成分比如在下面的句子中:Anotherelementintheemergenceofprodigies神童,1foundisasocietythatvaluesexcellenceinacertainfieldandisablenurturetalent.只要我们抓住了Elementissociety.就能够得知社会是神童出现的一个因素我们在今天这一讲中要说明的核心问题是,我们阅读英语文章时,一定要有一个全局观念,从宏观上来把握文章,做到了这一点,我们面对各类文章的各类题型都能够从容应对
四、抓住第三词汇语法中的功能词对懂得句子十分重要,同样文章中那些起组织作用的实义词对懂得文章也是非常重要的,由于掌握了它们就能够大大增强阅读懂得中的预知下文的能力我们把这些词称做第三词汇区别于仅起语法作用的功能词与通常实义词抓住了它们,就抓住了文章的核心意思这类词有很多,其中最常见的有achieveadditionattributecausechangeconsequencedenyeffectexplanationfactformgroundsinstancekindmannermattermathodoppositepointproblemreasonrespectresultsamesituationthingway.另外有人认为“第三词汇”要紧是一些照应名词”,其中包含abstractionapproachbeliefclassificationdoctrinedogmaevaluationevidenceinsightinvestigationi1lusionnotionopinionpositionsuppositiontheryviewpoint等等还有人针对某一文章类型总结出一些第三词汇比如在”问题-一解决”文章模式中,这些第三词汇”就更加固定与明确它们有问题concerndifficultydilemmadrawbackhamperhinderhindranceobstacleproblemsnag等反应changecombatvcomeupwithdevelopfindmeasurerespondresponse等解决或者结果answerconsequenceeffectoutcomeresullsolutionre$olve等评价ineffectmanageovercomesucceedunsuccessfulviableworkv.聚集于“主张--反主张”文章结构模式中的该类词汇有:claimstatetruthfalseinfactinrealitybelieve等等阅读懂得技巧一一如何回答阅读懂得中的态度类问题关于作者的态度类问题Altitude阅读懂得的最后一♦题常常提问在作者对文章中某一问题的态度Attitude.全文的基调Tone、文章的出处Source及对文章前后接续内容的推断等关于态度或者基调Attitude/Tone类题的回承诺从篇章的体裁者手,通常来说,在说明文中作者的态度是客观的objective或者中立的neutral而在议论文中,作者的观点才会显得多种多样,常风的选项有positive积极的negative消极的neutral中立的approva1赞成的disapproval不哉成的indifferent漠不关心的sarcastic讽刺的critical批判的optimistic乐观的pessimistic悲观的下而引类问题的几种提问方式lWhatsthewriter*sattitudeto2What*sthetoneofthepassage3Theauthorsviewis—4Thewritersattitudeof.thispassageisapparently_5Theauthorsuggeststhat6Accordingtoauthor行文章中,作者观点明确,文章基调清晰,而有的文章中,作者仅仅暗示对某一问题的态度与观点,需要阅读时认真琢磨解答这类问题时,首先应请注意篇章中起连接手段作用的那些词语;其次应注意有些说明作者观点词汇,如形容词、动词等对文章的*处及文章前后接续内容推断等可从全篇着手,从个别句子或者词汇找线索进行推断Example:IamnotsonavehoweverastobelievethatsexisresponsibleforthisunfortunatesituationoftheAmericanwoman.IamnotafeministbutIamanindividualist.Idonotbelievethereisanyimportantdifferencebetweenmenandwomencertainlynotasmuchastheremaybebetweenonewomanandanotheroronemanandan-other.Thereareplentyofwomenandmenforthatmatterwhowou1dbecompletelyfulfi1ledinbeingallowedtobeaslazyaspossible.Ifsomeonewillensconcetheminapleasanthomeandpaytheirbillstheyasknomoreoflife.Itisquiteallrightforthesemenandwomentolivethussolongasfoolscanbefoundwhowillpaysomuchfornothingmuchinreturn.Gigolosmaleandfemalearetobefoundineveryclassandinthebestofhomes.Butwhenamandoesnotwanttobeagigolohehasthefreedomtogooutandworkandcreateaswellashecan.Butawomanhasnot.Evenifherindividualhusbandletshertraditioninsocietyisagainsther.InthispassagetheauthorlooksonthesituationoTwomenwithanatlitudeof.amusementindifferencedisapprovalCcondemnation此篇文章中,作者对待这一问题的态度十分明确、强硬如用语Iamnot等等,因此只参在选项C与D中选择而从文章中的“gigolosfools等词可看出作者不仅不赞成而且态度更甚因此选项C程度还不够,这一题的正确答案是D阅读懂得技巧一一如何回答阅读懂得中的词汇问题关于词汇问题Vocabulary词汇Vocabulary是四级阅读懂得测试中非常重要的一项词汇类事实上也是就细节进行提问,所不一致的是这是唯一关丁•词或者词组的练习项目,词汇题往往要求对文章中的某个单词、短语甚至句子等找出近义词或者最合适的解释解答这类题需要学生拥有较大的词汇量但是,单词经历大概已成为学生普遍反映最头痣的难题阅读懂得中词汇类问题的常见提问方式有下列几种1Accordingtotheauthortheword…means.2Whichofthefollowingisnearestinmeaningto*•••*3Theterm..inparagraph…canbebestreplacedby….⑷Whatsthemeaningof…inline••ofparagraph*0*.5Asusedinthe1inetheword…refersto.通常来说,在文章的阅读中解决释义的最邓办法是猜测词义猜测词义也需要一定的技巧,能够通过1上下文间意义的联系;2同义关系,反义关系3词的定义4对词的解释与举例5构词法知识猜测词义.利用上下文词语意义的互相联系猜测词义Example:Thefishermenmaketheircanoesfromtreetrunks.Theygofromislandtoislandinthese1ightmarrowboatsandcollectturtleseggs我们从上下文中能够得出下列信息canoes”是一种渔夫用树木做的、来回于岛屿之间的、轻狭长的、类似于小船之类的东西尽管我们可能还不能确信它的确切解杼,但这一生词已经不可能影响我们的阅读与懂得了Example Jogginghasbecomeverypopularinsomecountries11isbelievedtobeagoodexerciseforoldpeople.Jogging”的意思通过agoodexerciseforoldpeople”能够推断出是一种适合老年人的剧烈的运动方式.利用文章中词与词的同义与反义关系猜测词义Example:Ifyouhappenedtobesittinginthewoodsoutsidethecityyoumighthavewitnessedastrangesight.Youwouldhaveseenaveryproud1ookingmanridingalonghorsebacksayingsomething在文章中能够很容易地推断出witnesss”的同义关系同是seen因此witness”就是看见的意思Example:Inthenorthernregionsthewintersaregenerallycoldandhumidandthesununershotanddry.显然,冬天与夏天的气候是截然相反的,它们的修饰词的意思也应该截然相反cold与hoi对应humid与心『对应因此,humid是潮湿意思.利用文章中对词的定义猜测词义Example/pSuchexperiencesarenotunusualfortheamateurconchologistspeoplewhocollectshells.Conchologists的意思能够根据该词后面的同位解糅peoplewhocollectshells”懂得为收集贝壳的人或者贝壳收藏家Example:Jackisnowafloristwhokeepsashopforsellingflowersinourdistrict.florist”的意思就是其后定语从句whokeepsashopforsellingflowers所描述的“拥有一家专门卖花的商店的人,即花店主”.利用文章中对词的举例及解释猜测词义Example:TodayyoungcoupleswhoarcjuststartingtheirhouseholdsoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliancesforinstancewashingmachinesrefrigeratorsandcolorTVs.通过所举的例子washingmachinesrefrigeratorsandcolorTVs能够看出,appliances”应是这些名词的总称,即“家用电器工Example:Finallytheenemysurrendered.Theythrewdowntheirweaponsandwalkedoutofthehomewiththeirhandsovertheirheads通过后一句对surrendered的解释扔掉武器(throwdowntheirweapons),举起双手(withtheirhandsoverheads)可知其意是投降.利用构词法知识(前缀与后缀)猜测词义Example:Theyoverestimatetheinterviewee*sabilityandaskedhimmanydifficul1questions“estimate是估计的意思,over-”是前缀,意为过分,过度,超过等,因此overestimate”就是高估”的意思Example:Weweretoldthatourswasthemostspaciousroominthehotel.Thatwaswhywehadtopaysomuchforit.spacious是由space(名词,空间)++—ious(形容词后缀”变化而来的,因此,可猜测其词义为宽敞”各类各样的前、后缀能够构成名词、形容词、动词、副词等,这些词缀需要平常不断地枳存与羟历掌握构词法知识是扩大词汇量与猜测生词词义的最佳办法我们在阅读时会不可避免地遇到些生词,频繁地查字典实在不是一个上策,那样即耽搁了阅读时间又中断了阅读思路,使大脑处于“停机”状态,阅读懂得的质量当然就会很差那又如何是好呢?58英语,简单学习事实上,阅读的目的在于获得整个句子、整个段落、乃至整个篇章的思想,而不是各个孤立的词汇的意义成人英语三级考试中的阅读,考查的是考生对段落中心思想整体把握的能力,只要能获得阅读材料的要紧信息,并随后能用自己的话加以陈述,一两个生词不可能有什么大碍巨大的词汇量是高质量的阅读的基础但当遇到生词时总查字典乂不现实,那么我们不妨利用上下文来推测已有词汇量加上强大的猜词本领有助于阅读速度与阅读能力的提高.根据定义、解释猜测词义定义线索是用别的单词或者短语来为个陌生单词或者短语下定义或者作解释比如:Anthropologyisthescientificstudyofman.由定义可知anthropology就是研究人类的科学\Decision-thinkingisnotunlikepokeiThiscardgamehasoftenbeenofconsiderableinteresttopeople.在此句中假如我们不明白poker的词义,不需要查字典可通过定义线索获得“pokeriskingofcardgame*«.根据夏述(同位语、定语等)同位语Semanticsthestudyofthemeaningofwordsisnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently.此例逗号中短语意为对词意义进行研究的学科“该短语与前面生词semantics式同位关系,因此我们不难猜出semantics指语义学”.根据举例如Theconsequencesofepochaleventssuchaswarsandgreatscientificdiscoveriesarenotconfinedtoasmallgeographicalareaastheywereinthepast.句中战争与重大科学发现“是生词的实例,通过它们我们能够猜出epochal的大致词义“重要的:这与其确切含义“划时代的十分接近.根据对比关系例Greenlovestotalkandhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.该句中副词similarly说明短语lovestotalk与生词loquacious之间的比较关系以此能够推断出loquacious词义为健谈的表示比较关系的词与短语要紧是similarlylikejustas,also等.根据比喻关系例Fuelistocarswhatfoodistomen.通过句中的比喻关系,我们得知fuel关于汽车来说就像食物关于人那么重要,由此,我们可知fuel应是燃料”的意思.根据同义词的替代Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.句中detrimental四个生词但推断出harmful替代detrimental后不难推断出其词义为不利的有害的.有的时候也可根据通常性常识/生活经验猜测词义e.g Inthestrongwindthebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold.在这个句子中根据常识我们能够猜出shivered是打抖c.g Garlicisnotasmildasitscousinstheonionandthelock.Ithasoneofthestrongestflavorsknowntoman.在此句中,假如你不懂得gaHic凭借你的常识,你能够猜出它是一种味道很浓的食物.也可根据词形构造猜测词义Morerecentlyscientistshavedocumentedanalarminglyhighoccurrenceoffrogswithmalformations.form是词根,formation”形式”ma上:构词前缀,可表示“坏、恶、不良”,还可表示“不、不正常、不当、非法”malformation的意思就应该是畸形”更多的例子如:malnutrition:营养不良;maIconduct:(公职人员的)胡作非为maladjustive:引起失调的不利调节的当然,要想做到这•点,就务必掌握英语常用的前缀、后缀及词根的意义
二、考试要求阅读懂得部分要紧测试考生的下述能力
1、掌握所读材料的主旨与大意
2、熟悉说明主旨与大意的事实与细节;
3、既懂得字面的意思,又能根据所读材料进行一定的推断与推论;
4、既懂得个别句子的意义,又能在一定程度上懂得上下文的逻辑关系阅读懂得部分要紧考核学生通过阅读获取信息的能力,既要求准确,也要求有一定的速度
三、题目分析考生要在有限的时间内提高阅读懂得的效果,需要注意读懂原文的确切含义,还要注意弄清晰问题问的是什么只有既领会文章的精髓与要领,又抓住问题的实质,才能快速而准确的答题,选出正确的答案选项成人三级英语的阅读懂得题型能够分为下列几类主旨题、细节题、词汇题、推理题、态度题共五类主旨题题型特点主旨题在考试中出现的频率较高,由于这类题可考查考生抓要紧信息的能力,而能够抓住文章的要紧信息又是阅读能力的一个极为重要的方面解主旨题的最好方法是先找出每段的主题句topicsentence然后综合几个段落的主题句就能够得出全文的中心思想mainidea主题句通常出现在段首,但有的时候也会出现在段中或者是段尾常见的提问形式有下列几种Whatisthemainideaofthepassage!Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitle人Whatsthebesttitleforthepassage九Themainideaofthepassageisthat.XThispassagetellsus.XWhichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage入Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss入Thepassageismainlyabout…九Whatstheauthorsmainpoint!2做题方法根据不一致的阅读目的,能够使用不一致的阅读方法,或者称阅读技巧通常来说,阅读方法有略读、寻读与细读三种1略读Skimming“略读”又称“浏览”,是指跳过细节,跳过不重要的描述与例子,进行快速阅读以求抓住文章的大意与主题思想的方法阅读时速度要快,通常来说,250字左右的短文应在
二、三分钟之内看完略读时精力务必十分集中,不要去经历细节,遇到个别生词或者难懂的词句均可略过,以求对全文总体意思的熟悉为了更好地抓住全文的中心思想,略读时要特别注意文章的起始段叮结束段与文章中每一段的段首句与结尾句,山于它们往往是对文章内容最好的概括2寻读Scanning寻读是快速寻找某一特殊信息的阅读方法它的目的非常明确,即找到所需要的信息口常生活中我们对这一方法并不陌生比如从人群中找出你认识的朋友,从货架上找出你想购买的商品,在书架上寻找一本你要找的书,从一本指南中找出某个单位的地址等,都是利用这种方法在寻读时,目光要自上而下,一目数行地寻视与答题有关的词句,与此无关的内容要很快掠过当回答whowhenwhere等有关文章细节时,我们用这种方法很快就能找到答案3细读Readingforfullunderstanding细读是在找到文章中的有关部分以后,在此范围内逐句阅读,特别要对关键词、句认真琢磨,以便对其有比较深刻、准确的懂得不仅要懂得其字面意思,还要通过推理与推断,弄清文章中字里行间所隐含的意思在细读的过程中,对没有学过的生词,可根据上下文的背景知识来推测其词义对难以看懂的长句,可借助语法手段,对其加以分析,以达到正确懂得的目的做主旨题经常用略读法,把注意力放在抓要紧信息上,不去过分注意细节事实,否则会造成“只见树木,不见森林”的结果通常的办法是,快速阅读文章时注意找出各段主题句英文文章各段主题句常放在段首,有的时候也放在段尾或者段落中间,有的时候不明确写出,通读文章后把各段主题句联系起来,通常就能得出文章主题就整篇文章来讲,首段与尾段通常关于解这类题更为重要要想在阅读方面取得好成绩,考生还应该注意正确处理阅读懂得与阅读速度的关系首先要保证阅读懂得的准确性,由于准确是正确的前提一味的追求速度,而没有懂得文章的含义,或者者只注意懂得文章而细嚼慢咽,都会影响考生发挥因此考生应该合理安排阅读时间,处理好懂得与速度的关系,做到两者兼顾,取得好的分数
1.3例题2003年4月Passage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Whatwillmanbelikeinthefuturein5000oreven50000yearsfromnowWecanonlymakeaguessofcoursebutwecanbesurethathewi11bedifferentfromwhatheistoday.Formanisslowlychangingal1thetime.Letustakeanobviousexample.Manevenfivehundredyearsagowasshorterthanheistoday.Nowonaveragemenareaboutthreeinchestaller.Fivehundredyearsisarelativelyshortperiodoftimesowemayassumethatmanwillcontinuetogrowtaller.Againinthemodernworldweuseourbrainsagreatdeal.Evensowestillmakeuseofonlyabout20%ofthebrainscapacity.Astimegoesonhoweverweshallhavetouseourbrainsmoreandmoreandeventuallyweshal1needlargerones.Thisislikelytobringaboutaphysicalchangetotheheadinparticulartheforeheadwillgrowlarger.Nowadaysoureyesareinconstantuse.Infactweusethemsomuchthatveryoftentheybecomeweakerandwehavetowearglasses.Butoververylongperiodoftimeitislikelythatmanfseyeswillgrowstronger.Ontheotherhandwetendtomakelessuseofourarmsandlegs.Theseasaresultarelikelytogrowweaker.Atthesametimehoweverourfingerswillgrowmoresensitivebecausetheyareusedagreatdealinmodernlife.ButwhatabouthairItwillprobablydisappearfromthebodyaltogetherincourseoftimebecauseitdoesnotserveausefulpurposeanylonger.Inthefuturethenbothsexesare1ikelytobebald.Perhapsallthisgivestheimpressionthatfuturemanwillnotbeaveryattractivecreaturetolookat.Thismaywel1betrue.Al1thesameinspileofalIthesechangesfuturemanwillstillhavealotincommonwithus.Hewillstillbeahumanbeingwiththoughtsandemotionssimilartoourown.文章译文5000甚至50000年之后人类会是什么样子?当然,我们只能作一个预测,但是能够确信的是他们一定会与今天是完全不一致的,由于人类无时无刻不在变化我们举个简单的例子,五百年前的人类比现在的人类普遍要矮,现在的人比五百年前的人平均要高三英寸incho五百年是一个相对短的时间,因此我们能够想象assume到人类还会继续continue变演O同时,现在的人用脑也更加频繁既便如此,我们也只用了大脑的20%但是,随着时间的流逝我们将更加频繁的用脑,最终导致我们对•更发达的大脑的需求,并带来我们头部的变化,特别是前额会变的越来越大现在人类的眼睛处在不断的使用之中inconstantuse事实上,由于频繁的使用使人类的视力越变越弱,并最终不得不佩戴眼睛但是从长远来看,人类的眼睛是越变越好另外,人类使用他们的四肢的频率降低,这使得四肢越来越虚弱但是,人类的手机会越来越以巧,由于它们在现代化的生活中使用频繁头发会发生什么样的变化呢?它可能从人类的身体上消失disappear山丁它不在有用,将来的人类是男性还是女性都可能会是秃头bald»可能这些推测会让人觉得未来的人类是非常丑陋的动物crcaiurc这可能是正确的但是不管未来的人类如何变化,他们与我们还是有很多相似havealotcommon的地方的他们仍然是人类,有着与我们一样的思想though与感情emotionThepassagetellsusabout.[A]howmanslifewillbeinthefuture[B]howfuturemanwilllooklike[C]thefactthatman*sorganswillfunctiondifferentlyinthefutureLD]thefactthatmanisgrowinguglierastimepasses【解析】B一看题目,Thepassagetellsusabout.我们就能够推断本题是个主旨题即文章要紧告诉我们.A.未来的人类生活是如何的?B.未来的人类长得象什么?C.人体的器官在未来会有不一致D.隙着时间的流逝,人类变得越来越丑陋我们看文章首段的首句Whatwillmanbelikeinthefuture—in5000oreven50000yearsfromnow5000甚至50000年之后人类会是什么样子?接下来文章的所有段落都是围绕这个问题来展开的那么我们就能够轻松的确定B选项是本题的正确答案细节题题型特点细节题通常是根据短文低通的信息与事实进行提问提问常常涉及短文的具体信息,事实与细节等有关问题,如情节,因果,比较,通过,事实,进展,预测等等细节题是阅读懂得中命题最多的一种遨型,通常来说,这类题的答案都能从短文中直接找到只要根据题干能够准确的在文章中进行定位,找到答案所在区域的段落与句九认真地推敲就一定能够准确的选择这类题提问的形式多种多样,常见的有下列。